Cytauxzoonosis

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (11) ◽  
pp. 940-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith K Sherrill ◽  
Leah A Cohn
Keyword(s):  
Case Reports ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
South Central ◽  
Cellular Inclusions ◽  
Life Threatening

Practical relevance: Cytauxzoonosis is a life-threatening hematoprotozoal disease with a rapidly progressive clinical course. Once considered a rare disease only relevant to a small geographic area, it is now recognized in more than about a third of the United States. The geographic range seems likely to increase with expansion of the range of the vector tick. Clinical challenges: Both disease diagnosis and treatment offer challenges. The acute illness is often recognized by characteristic parasitic cellular inclusions, but illness may occur before parasites can be identified, and parasitic inclusions may persist long after illness has resolved. Also, while infection was once considered nearly uniformly fatal, subclinical infections are now recognized. Disease prognosis has improved for many cats through implementation of new therapies, but some pathogens are resistant to these therapies and death from disease is still common. Currently, prevention strategies are limited to ectoparasite control. Global importance: Cytauxzoonosis caused by Cytauxzoon felis is limited to the Americas, and is especially problematic in southeastern and south central USA. However, other Cytauxzoon species have been recognized in Europe and Asia. Audience: This review is aimed at veterinary practitioners and focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of cytauxzoonosis. Disease management is of crucial importance in endemic regions. Furthermore, the expanding geographic range of infection, and the possibility of parasite identification in chronically infected cats with a travel history, make understanding cytauxzoonosis relevant in non-endemic regions as well. Evidence base: The authors draw on evidence from prospective clinical trials, experimental infections, retrospective clinical studies and case reports, as well as their own personal experience with the diagnosis and treatment of cytauxzoonosis.

A Cautionary Tale of Etanercept Use in Patients With Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janie Faris ◽  
Jordan Wilson ◽  
Heather S Dolman ◽  
Andrew Isaacson ◽  
Alfred E Baylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hospital Length ◽  
Hospital Length Of Stay ◽  
Cautionary Tale ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Severe Cutaneous Reaction ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Abstract Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a severe cutaneous reaction that can be life-threatening. In the United States, there are no established guidelines for the treatment of TEN. Supportive care including fluids and supportive therapies are the current recommendations. Research surrounding TEN involves mostly case studies or small, uncontrolled studies. Recent literature describes the use of tumor necrosis factor blockers in the treatment of TEN with positive results. These case reports describe decreased time to reepithelization, hospital length of stay, and minimal side effects. Conversely, we present three fatalities after the administration of etanercept.

scholarly journals Virulence and Molecular Diversity in Colletotrichum lindemuthianum from South, Central, and North America

1997 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1184-1191 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Balardin ◽  
A. M. Jarosz ◽  
J. D. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Geographic Area ◽  
The United States ◽  
Colletotrichum Lindemuthianum ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Molecular Polymorphism ◽  
South Central ◽  
Differential Cultivars

Isolates of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum (138 total) from Argentina, Brazil, the Dominican Republic, Honduras, Mexico, and the United States were characterized into 41 races based on virulence to 12 differential cultivars of Phaseolus vulgaris. These 41 races were categorized into two groups: those found over a wide geographic area and those restricted to a single country. Races 7, 65, and 73 were widespread. Race 73 was the most common (28%). Race 7 was found once in Argentina and Mexico but at a higher frequency in the United States. Race 65 was found repeatedly in Brazil and the United States. Although 39% of the races were detected repeatedly and three races were widespread, no race was isolated from both P. vulgaris gene pools. Phenetic analyses showed no obvious patterns correlated with virulence clusters. No geographic pattern was evident. Molecular polymorphism generated by random amplified polymorphic DNA confirmed the extensive variability in virulence of C. lindemuthianum. Virulence phenotypes were grouped into 15 clusters. The two largest clusters contained isolates from all the geographic regions sampled. Molecular polymorphism was observed among isolates from races 65 and 73 within and among countries, except among Bra-zilian isolates of race 65. The genetic diversity of C. lindemuthianum was greatest in Mexico and Honduras. Our data suggest that C. lindemuthianum may not be highly structured to specific Phaseolus gene pools.

scholarly journals Please pay attention to the competency of Chinese primary clinical medical workers in electrocardiogrophic interpretation skills

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-lei Gao ◽  
Yan-hua Li ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
Chun-xue Wang ◽  
Yan-cun Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Effective Rate ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Professional Qualification ◽  
Treatment Services ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Electrocardiogram Ecg ◽  
Overall Reliability

Abstract Background: Improving the capacity of health care, disease diagnosis and treatment of primary medical workers was the key to hierarchical diagnosis and treatment services. Electrocardiogram (ECG) played an important role in the diagnosis of cardiac diseases and should be regarded as the most basic tool for primary clinical medical workers in China. Objectives: To investigate the competency of Chinese medical workers in electrocardiographic interpretation skills, especially in the primary care hospitals, to explore the insufficiency of electrocardiographic interpretation skills and the improvement methods. Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire study was conducted via the internet from March to October 2019. The questionnaire consists of 6 parts: basic information, equipping with an electrocardiograph, operating electrocardiograph, receiving electrocardiographic theory, testing of electrocardiographic interpretation, and improving electrocardiographic interpretation skills. Results: The effective quantity of this questionnaire was 2307, with an effective rate of 96.57%. The overall reliability was α=0.895. There were no significant differences among primary, private and class-Ⅲ hospitals in the aspects of equipping with an electrocardiograph (χ2=3.794, 3.104, P＞0.05), operating the electrocardiograph (χ2=1.857, P＞0.05) and receiving electrocardiographic theoretical study (χ2=6.701, P＞0.05). Medical workers in private and class-Ⅲ hospitals had a stronger interpretation competency of ECG, including common or life-threatening ECGs (P＜0.01). The development of talent echelon in primary hospitals affected the electrocardiographic interpretation skills of medical workers (P＜0.01). In primary hospitals, the age was mainly ≥ 40 years (79.0%), the education background was mainly bachelor and below degree (80.9%), the professional qualification was mainly physician assistant (58.6%) and primary physician (31.4%). The interpretation competency of ECG of medical workers in private or class-Ⅲ hospitals was higher than that in primary hospitals (P＜0.05 or 0.01). Conclusions: In China, the examination of electrocardiograph had been popularized. Due to the unreasonable development of talent echelon in primary hospitals, the electrocardiographic interpretation skills of primary medical workers were worrying. We should improve electrocardiographic teaching methods with the help of the internet, to enhance the electrocardiographic interpretation skills of primary medical workers.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences Reveal Cryptic Speciation in the Human Pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum

mBio ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Victoria E. Sepúlveda ◽  
Roberto Márquez ◽  
David A. Turissini ◽  
William E. Goldman ◽  
Daniel R. Matute
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Histoplasma Capsulatum ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
The United States ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Life Threatening

ABSTRACT Histoplasma capsulatum is a pathogenic fungus that causes life-threatening lung infections. About 500,000 people are exposed to H. capsulatum each year in the United States, and over 60% of the U.S. population has been exposed to the fungus at some point in their life. We performed genome-wide population genetics and phylogenetic analyses with 30 Histoplasma isolates representing four recognized areas where histoplasmosis is endemic and show that the Histoplasma genus is composed of at least four species that are genetically isolated and rarely interbreed. Therefore, we propose a taxonomic rearrangement of the genus. IMPORTANCE The evolutionary processes that give rise to new pathogen lineages are critical to our understanding of how they adapt to new environments and how frequently they exchange genes with each other. The fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum provides opportunities to precisely test hypotheses about the origin of new genetic variation. We find that H. capsulatum is composed of at least four different cryptic species that differ genetically and also in virulence. These results have implications for the epidemiology of histoplasmosis because not all Histoplasma species are equivalent in their geographic range and ability to cause disease. The evolutionary processes that give rise to new pathogen lineages are critical to our understanding of how they adapt to new environments and how frequently they exchange genes with each other. The fungal pathogen Histoplasma capsulatum provides opportunities to precisely test hypotheses about the origin of new genetic variation. We find that H. capsulatum is composed of at least four different cryptic species that differ genetically and also in virulence. These results have implications for the epidemiology of histoplasmosis because not all Histoplasma species are equivalent in their geographic range and ability to cause disease.

scholarly journals Apoplexy in a previously undiagnosed pituitary macroadenoma in the setting of recent COVID-19 infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. e243607
Author(s):  
Su-Yi Liew ◽  
Rachel Seese ◽  
Abdulrahman Shames ◽  
Kalpita Majumdar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Pituitary Apoplexy ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Pituitary Macroadenoma ◽  
Prompt Diagnosis

Pituitary apoplexy is an endocrine emergency, which commonly presents as hypopituitarism. Prompt diagnosis and treatment can be both life and vision saving. There are a growing number of published case reports postulating a link between COVID-19 and pituitary apoplexy. We report the case of a 75-year-old man who presented with a headache and was later diagnosed with hypopituitarism secondary to pituitary apoplexy. This occurred 1 month following a mild-to-moderate COVID-19 infection with no other risk factors commonly associated with pituitary apoplexy. This case, therefore, supplements an emerging evidence base supporting a link between COVID-19 and pituitary apoplexy.

Penetrating abdominal trauma – selected case reports

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Recent Literature ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Haemodynamic Instability ◽  
Postoperative Infections ◽  
Penetrating Injuries ◽  
Penetrating Abdominal Trauma ◽  
Blunt Force Trauma ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Penetrating Abdominal Injury

We present 3 case-reports with penetrating abdominal injury from our practice in this article. An urgent laparotomy was performed in all cases because of haemodynamic instability or the mechanism of injury. Penetrative abdominal traumas are associated with a high risk of life-threatening intra-abdominal injuries, require urgent revision and are often accompanied by postoperative infections of the peritoneal cavity. In recent years, there has been a growing tendency towards mini-invasive approaches or even non-operative treatment. This trend is particularly evident in the United States of America, where doctors experience a higher number of penetrating injuries compared to the prevalent blunt force trauma in Europe. The authors describe the need to follow all recommended procedures in the pre-hospital and hospital phases of treatment of these patients and compare them with recent literature.

Protrusion of Postoperative Maxillary Sinus Mucocele into the Orbit: Case Reports

1993 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 752-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makoto Hasegawa ◽  
Yasushi Kuroishikawa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Maxillary Cyst

Maxillary sinus mucocele, which appears more than 10 years after Caldwell-Luc surgery, is very rare in the United States or Europe. However, it is very common in Japan. It is called “postoperative maxillary sinus mucocele” or “postoperative maxillary cyst.” In this paper, postoperative maxillary sinus mucoceles, which protruded into the orbits, are reported. One patient, a 50-year-old man, underwent Caldwell-Luc surgery 31 years ago, and the other patient, a 61-year-old woman, underwent Caldwell-Luc surgery at the age of 18. The incidence of this disease, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment are discussed in this paper.

Síndrome da Anca de Ressalto

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Bernardo Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Snapping Hip ◽  
Predominant Symptom ◽  
Snapping Hip Syndrome

Snapping hip syndrome is a condition in which the predominant symptom is the snapping feelingaround the hip joint caused by a dynamic impingement between muscles or tendons and boneprominences. The etiology of the snapping hip types and consequently the therapeutic targets havebeen subjects of discussion and controversy along the years. A careful clinical history and physicalexamination is frequently enough for this disease diagnosis. Treatment is typically conservative,however when it is not successful surgical treatment is indicated, consisting on the snapping muscleor tendons lengthening. The authors review in this paper the current scientific literature about functionalanatomy, physiopathology, symptoms, diagnosis and treatment of snapping hip.

Local Histories/Global Designs

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter D. Mignolo
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Central America ◽  
Postcolonial Studies ◽  
The United States ◽  
Philosophy Of History ◽  
South Central ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Border Thinking ◽  
East West

This book is an extended argument about the “coloniality” of power. In a shrinking world where sharp dichotomies, such as East/West and developing/developed, blur and shift, this book points to the inadequacy of current practices in the social sciences and area studies. It explores the crucial notion of “colonial difference” in the study of the modern colonial world and traces the emergence of an epistemic shift, which the book calls “border thinking.” Further, the book expands the horizons of those debates already under way in postcolonial studies of Asia and Africa by dwelling on the genealogy of thoughts of South/Central America, the Caribbean, and Latino/as in the United States. The book's concept of “border gnosis,” or sensing and knowing by dwelling in imperial/colonial borderlands, counters the tendency of occidentalist perspectives to manage, and thus limit, understanding. A new preface discusses this book as a dialogue with Hegel's Philosophy of History.

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