Evaluation of grooming behaviour and apparent digestibility method in cats

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 373-378
Author(s):  
Hee S Kim ◽  
Jin S Hong ◽  
Chang W Park ◽  
Kyung H Cho ◽  
Yoo Y Kim
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Time Budget ◽  
Felis Catus ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Domestic Cats ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Grooming Behaviour

Objectives This experiment was conducted to evaluate the behavioural time budget for grooming and grooming patterns for shorthair and longhair cats, and to assess the effect of grooming behaviour on apparent digestibility of nutrients in domestic cats ( Felis catus) by comparing hair-included faeces and hair-removed faeces. Methods A total of 10 adult domestic cats, with a mean ± SD body weight of 4.3 ± 0.89 kg and a mean ± SD age of 3.5 ± 1.38 years, were used for behavioural observation. Cats were housed individually in stainless steel cages at the animal hospital. The cats’ behaviour was recorded on a webcam videotaping system for one 24 h period; then, faecal samples were collected and analysed to measure apparent digestibility. Results There was no significant difference between longhair and shorthair cats in behavioural time budget for grooming and grooming patterns. The apparent digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) of hair-removed faeces was significantly higher than that of hair-included faeces: about 6% ( P <0.01), 7% ( P <0.01), 14% ( P <0.01), 12% ( P = 0.01) and 10% ( P <0.01), respectively. Conclusions and relevance There was no difference in grooming patterns between longhair cats and shorthair cats. Also, the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude ash, ADF and NDF has been underestimated by approximately 6%, 7%, 14%, 12%, and 10%, respectively, when they have been calculated using the conventional digestibility method for domestic cats.

The effects of zeranol and oestradiol implants on performance and nutrient digestibility of zero-grazed White Fulani cattle

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (8) ◽  
pp. 1081
Author(s):  
O. T. Soyelu ◽  
A. O. Aderibigbe
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Fulani

Aim The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two growth-promoting implants (zeranol and oestradiol-17β) on performance and feed digestibility of finishing White Fulani cattle in the feedlot. This was with a view to determining an alternative means of enhancing cattle performance without grazing the animals. Methods A 60-day feedlot trial was conducted using 27 stocker White Fulani bulls that were allotted randomly to three treatment groups (i.e. non-implanted, oestradiol-implanted and zeranol-implanted) in a completely randomised experimental design. Cattle were offered a compounded feedlot ration consisting of 14% crude protein ad libitum. The bulls were weighed initially and fortnightly thereafter for the duration of the study. Coefficients of dry matter and nutrients digestibility were determined using lignin as an internal marker. Data were analysed using the general linear model procedure of ANOVA and mean values were compared using Fisher’s least significant difference (l.s.d.0.05). Key results The average final liveweight, total weight gain, average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) of implanted feedlot cattle were higher (P &lt; 0.05) than for non-implanted cattle; and higher in oestradiol-implanted cattle compared with zeranol-implanted ones. The ADG was 29.16 and 20.48% higher, and the ADFI was 35.06 and 18.18% higher for oestradiol-implanted and zeranol-implanted feedlot cattle, respectively than for non-implanted cattle. Irrespective of the treatment, feed conversion ratio of experimental bulls remained below the range (4.5–7.5) established for feedlot beef cattle; an indication of better efficiency of feed utilisation by White Fulani cattle. The apparent digestibility of dry matter (59.76–64.31%) of the feedlot ration was in the order: non-implanted = oestradiol-implanted &gt; zeranol-implanted while the apparent digestibility of crude protein (73.91–77.99%) was in the order: non-implanted &gt; oestradiol-implanted = zeranol-implanted. Conclusions and implications The results of this study show that the use of an oestradiol implant in finishing zero-grazed White Fulani cattle was beneficial for improving growth performance. Both implanted and non-implanted cattle showed good coefficients of nutrient digestibility, indicating that the mode of action of the growth implants in enhancing performance characteristics does not depend on indices of digestibility.

Microorganism profile, fermentation quality and rumen digestibility in vitro of maize-stalk silages produced at different maturity stages

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Zhang ◽  
Yanping Wang ◽  
Zhongfang Tan ◽  
Zongwei Li ◽  
Ya Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Maturity Stages ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Lactobacillus Paraplantarum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Fermentation Quality

This study aimed to investigate the microorganism profile, fermentation quality and rumen digestibility in vitro of maize-stalk silage at different maturity stages. Maize-stalk samples were harvested at the stages milk-ripe, dough, fully ripe, and fully ripe exposed to air for 3 or 10 days. Silage pH, ammonia-N and chemical composition were measured. Thirteen representative lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains isolated from the raw materials were categorised into five profile clusters: Leuconostoc citreum (23.1%), Weissella paramesenteroides (15.4%), Lactococcus garvieae (23.1%), Enterococcus faecalis (7.7%), and Lactobacillus paraplantarum (30.8%). The total LAB numbers in silages with raw materials reaped at the stages milk-ripe, dough, fully ripe, and fully ripe exposed to air for 3 or 10 days, respectively, were approximately 8, 6, 10, 3.5 and 10 log CFU g–1. The dominant LAB types of maize-stalk silage at different stages were all different. The epiphytic pathogens Escherichia coli, aerobic bacteria, filamentous fungi and Saccharomycetes were found in silages of all stages. There were significant differences (P < 0.001) in crude protein, ether extract, dry matter, acid detergent fibre and organic matter of silage at different stages; however, no significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in dry matter digestibility after 24 h of fermentation in vitro, with NH3-N varying from 0.7 ± 0.1 to 1.7 ± 0.3 mg L–1.

APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY OF TOWER AND CANDLE RAPESEED MEALS BY HOLSTEIN BULL CALVES

1980 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 915-918 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
T. J. DEVLIN
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Holstein Bull ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

Four Holstein bull calves, 18–20 wk of age and averaging 190 kg were used to determine the apparent digestibility of soybean meal (SBM), Tower and Candle rapeseed meals (RSM). Diets containing the RSM were lower (P < 0.05) in dry matter (DM) digestibility than the SBM diet. Apparent digestibilities of DM, acid-detergent fibre (ADF) and energy were not different (P > 0.05) among the three oil meals. However, the rapeseed meals tended to result in lower DM and energy digestibilities compared to that of the SBM sample. Apparent digestibility of crude protein was significantly (P < 0.05) higher for the SBM than the Candle RSM and similar to Tower RSM. However, the data would suggest that the differences in apparent protein digestion coefficients are due to differences in protein contents of the experimental diets and the daily N consumption by the calves.

Chemical composition, intake, apparent digestibility and nylon-bag disappearance of leaf and stem fractions from straw of four barley genotypes

1992 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Herbert ◽  
E. F. Thomson
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
Bean Meal ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Soya Bean Meal ◽  
Barley Genotypes

AbstractFour experiments examined the chemical composition, intake, dry matter (DDM) and organic matter (DOM) apparent digestibilities and rates of disappearance from nylon bags of hand-separated leaf and stem fractions of straw from four genotypes of barley: Arabi Abiad, Beecher, C63 and ER/Apam. In experiment 1, 900 g leaf from each genotype was offered to three or four wethers together with 200 g soya-bean meal (SBM), and in experiment 2 the leaf from the same four genotypes was offered ad libitum with 200 g SBM. In experiment 3, 500 g stem from Arabi Abiad and Beecher was offered with 100 g SBM to six wethers in two groups. Experiment 4 measured the rate and extent of disappearance of the leaf and stem fractions from nylon bags incubated in the rumen of wethers. The genotypes had widely contrasting morphological characteristics. Stems contained about half as much ash and crude protein as leaves and differences within fractions were small. The leaf and stem fractions of the two-rowed barleys Abiad and Apam contained less modified acid-detergent fibre than the six-rowed Beecher and C63 genotypes.When leaf was offered with SBM, both restrictedly and ad libitum, the DDM and DOM of this fraction were similar between genotypes (P > 0·05) and in experiment 2 the intake of leaf was also similar between genotypes (P > 0·05). The apparent digestibility of stem differed significantly between Arabi Abiad and Beecher in experiment 3 (P < 0·05). Significant differences were apparent between genotypes in the extent and rate of disappearance of leaf and stem from nylon bags after 48 h incubation in the rumen.

scholarly journals Content of nutrients and energy in pasture vegetation and their apparent digestibility in Old Kladruber horses

2013 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41
Author(s):  
Eva Straková ◽  
Pavel Suchý
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Acid Detergent Lignin ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Pure Protein ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre

This study focuses on the determination of apparent digestibility of pasture vegetation nutrients in horses of the Old Kladruber breed through a balance indicator method (determination of acid insoluble ash). When evaluating the nitrogenous substances, their determination was based on the content of pure protein (sum of amino acids) which is more accurate than crude protein. There were differences in the chemical composition of dry matter from pasture vegetation and horse excrements. Regarding crude fat, crude fibre, acid detergent fibre, neutral detergent fibre, acid detergent lignin, ash, P and Mg, the average values in dry matter of horse excrements were significantly (P≤ 0.01) higher; on the contrary, we found significantly (P≤ 0.01) lower mean values of nitrogen-free extract, organic matter and Ca ​​in the dry mass of pasture grass. The highest coefficient of apparent digestibility for organic nutrients was determined in the nitrogen-free extract (73%) followed with organic matter (71%), pure protein (68%), crude protein (65%) and crude fat (61%). In case of fibre and its fractions, the apparent digestibility coefficients decreased as follows: crude fibre (66%), neutral detergent fibre (66%), acid detergent fibre (63%) and acid detergent lignin (42%). Significantly lower values were determined for coefficients of apparent digestibility for minerals P (16%) and Mg (50%), which highlights the need for their regular supplementation in horses on pasture. This study extends the current state of knowledge regarding the apparent digestibility of pasture vegetation which is a prerequisite for optimal nutrition of horses.

scholarly journals Apparent digestibility of energetic ingredients by pirarucu juveniles, Arapaima gigas (Schinz, 1822)

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 786-791
Author(s):  
Filipe Dos Santos-Cipriano ◽  
Kauana Santos de Lima ◽  
Érica Bevitório-Passinato ◽  
Raildo Mota de Jesus ◽  
Francisco Oliveira de Magalhães Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Wheat Bran ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gross Energy

An understanding of feed ingredient digestibility for the pirarucu is a fundamental step in the development of feeds that promote proper growth of the specie while in captivity. A digestibility trial was conducted with four treatments in triplicate (corn starch, corn, rice bran and wheat bran) to evaluate the digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein and amino acids by the pirarucu. We used indirect methodology with the inclusion of chromium oxide at 0.1% in the feeds. In total, 18 juveniles were used, with an average live weight of 235 ± 36 g. The sampled juveniles were trained to consume the feeds prior to testing. The corn and cornstarch presented the best apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, with 76.37% and 70.66%, respectively, followed by rice bran (46.23%) and wheat bran (45.13%). The best ADCs of crude protein were observed in corn (93.44%) and cornstarch (90.94%) compared to rice bran (68.23%) and wheat bran (68.58%). There was no significant difference in the ADC of gross energy; the values ranged from 47.10% for corn starch to 40.10% for corn. The corn and corn starch presented the best ADCs for all the amino acids evaluated, followed by rice bran and wheat bran.

scholarly journals Introducing Mediterranean Lupins in Lambs’ Diets: Effects on Growth and Digestibility

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 942
Author(s):  
Mariana Almeida ◽  
Sofia Garcia-Santos ◽  
Ana Nunes ◽  
Sara Rito ◽  
Jorge Azevedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lupinus Albus ◽  
Mediterranean Area ◽  
Lupinus Luteus ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Livestock Feeding

Lupins are suitable candidates to replace soybean meal in livestock feeding in the Mediterranean area, presenting a solution for the European Union’s dependence on soybean importations. This study aimed to assess the effect of incorporating Lupinus albus and Lupinus luteus into Churra da Terra Quente lambs’ diets on growth performance and digestibility. Two trials were conducted over two years. In trial 1, two experimental diets containing 50 g/kg Lupinus albus and 50 g/kg Lupinus luteus were tested. In trial 2, lambs were fed with diets containing higher incorporations of Lupinus luteus (100, 150, and 200 g/kg: LL10, LL15, and LL20, respectively). Total dry matter, hay dry matter, and crude protein intake were calculated, as well as average daily gains. At the end of the growth trials, dry matter, organic matter, and NDF digestibility was determined. Incorporating 50 g/kg of lupins did not affect (p > 0.05) the performance. Lambs fed on LL20 diets presented the lowest HDMI and CPI values (p < 0.05). The highest intakes (p < 0.05) were observed from LL15 lambs. No differences were found in apparent digestibility coefficients between diets (p > 0.05), except for NDF digestibility which was highest (p < 0.05) for LL20. The optimum level of lupin inclusion in lambs’ diets seems to be 150 g/kg.

scholarly journals Comparison of agronomic characters of Festulolium, Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. genotypes under high elevation conditions in Turkey

1970 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilknur Akgun ◽  
Metin Tosun ◽  
Suleyman Sengul
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Lolium Multiflorum ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Ash Content ◽  
Festuca Pratensis ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Green Matter ◽  
Significant Difference

Prior {Lolium perenne × Festuca pratensis) and Elmet (Lolium multiflorum × Festuca pratensis) cultivars were compared with Festuca pratensis Huds. and Lolium multiflorum Lam. genotypes for some agronomical characteristics (green and dry matter yields, crude protein, seed yield, crude ash content) under Erzurum ecological conditions. Analysis of variance and mean separation were performed using the SPSS 11.0 computer program. There was a significant difference among genotypes in every character tested except for green and dry matter yield and crude ash content. Hybrid genotypes had higher plant height, dry and green matter yield, seed yield per plant and crude protein yield except 1000-seed weight. Elmet performed better than Prior except for seed yield per plant.   Key words: Festulolium, Lolium, Festuca, Yield, Crude protein, Crude ash doi:10.3329/bjb.v37i1.1556 Bangladesh J. Bot. 37(1): 1-6, 2008 (June)

scholarly journals Nutrient absorption in lambs fed diets containing different amounts of phosphorus

2013 ◽  
pp. 3444-3451
Author(s):  
René Patiño P ◽  
Tanimara Soares da Silva ◽  
José C. Da Silva Filho ◽  
Mohamed Emad Nasser ◽  
Dorinha Smith Vitti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Absorption Coefficients ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Reliable Parameter

ABSTRACTObjective. Evaluate the effect of increasing P intake on nutrient digestibility, and compare the true and apparent absorption coefficients of P and Ca in lambs. Materials and methods. Twenty-four Santa Ines sheep, with an average weight of 33.6 ± 1.6 kg, were distributed into four treatments (0, 2, 4 and 6 g/day of supplementary P) with forage: concentrate ratio of 70:30. The study of apparent nutrient digestibility was conducted during the first week, using the total feces collection method. During the second week, after injection of 7.4 MBq of 32P and 7.7 MBq of 45Ca, apparent (AAC) and true (TAC) absorption coefficients of P and Ca were determined. The lambs were kept in metabolic cages. Results. The increase in P intake did not affect (p>0.05) dry matter, crude protein, NDF or ADF digestibility, but the TAC of P and Ca and mineral matter digestibility decreased. The AAC was not affected (p=0.10). A cubic relationship was observed between P intake and TAC (TAC=2.16–1.95X+0.55X2-0.04X3; R2=0.38) and linear relationship with the TAC of Ca (TAC=0.559–0.03X; R2=0.26). TAC and AAC values were different (p<0.001). Conclusions. The increase in P intake doesn’t impact organic matter digestibility, but does affect P and Ca absorption. Apparent digestibility is not a reliable parameter to determine the efficiency of P and Ca absorption.

scholarly journals The influence of the method of preservation of forages on the digestion in dairy cows. 1. Composition of the forages and digestibility of dry matter, organic matter and nitrogen.

1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9
Author(s):  
S. Tamminga ◽  
C.J. van der Koelen
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mixed Diet ◽  
Apparent Digestibility

1. Grass from the same sward was ensiled without additive, with 14.6 g formic acid/100 g crude protein or 10.8 g formic acid and 10.6 g formaldehyde/100 g crude protein. Similar grass was dried and pelleted. Drying or ensiling with the mixture reduced solubility of N in the preserved grass but formic acid increased it, and ensiling without additive increased it even more. Apparent digestibility of N in the rumen of cows tended to decrease with decrease in solubility. Digestibility in vitro of the mixed diet given to the cows, calculated from digestibility of the separate components, agreed well with the values in vivo for diets with silages, but was high for that with dried grass. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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