scholarly journals Fatigue and Oxidative Stress in Children Undergoing Leukemia Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Rodgers ◽  
Chelse Sanborn ◽  
Olga Taylor ◽  
Patricia Gundy ◽  
Alice Pasvogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
School Age ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Leukemia Treatment ◽  
Normal Ratio

Fatigue is a frequent and distressing symptom in children undergoing leukemia treatment; however, little is known about factors influencing this symptom. Antioxidants such as glutathione can decrease symptom severity in adult oncology patients, but no study has evaluated antioxidants’ effects on symptoms in pediatric oncology patients. This study describes fatigue patterns and associations of fatigue with antioxidants represented by reduced glutathione (GSH) and the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio among children receiving leukemia treatment. A repeated measures design assessed fatigue and antioxidants among 38 children from two large U.S. cancer centers. Fatigue was assessed among school-age children and by parent proxy among young children. Antioxidants (GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio) were assessed from cerebrospinal fluid at four phases during leukemia treatment. Young children had a steady decline of fatigue from the end of induction treatment through the continuation phase of treatment, but no significant changes were noted among the school-age children. Mean antioxidant scores varied slightly over time; however, the GSH/GSSG ratios in these children were significantly lower than the normal ratio. Mean GSH/GSSG ratios significantly correlated to fatigue scores of the school-age children during early phases of treatment. Children with low mean GSH/GSSG ratios demonstrated oxidative stress. The low ratios noted early in therapy were significantly correlated with higher fatigue scores during induction and postinduction treatment phases. This finding suggests that increased oxidative stress during the more intensive phases of therapy may explain the experience of fatigue children report.

scholarly journals Lysine Bioavailability in School-Age Children Consuming Rice Is Reduced by Starch Retrogradation

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 3208-3215
Author(s):  
Katia Caballero ◽  
Ronit Mandal ◽  
Anubhav Pratap-Singh ◽  
David D Kitts ◽  
Ronald O Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
School Age ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Starch Retrogradation ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background Rice is one of the most commonly consumed cereal grains and is part of staple diets in the majority of the world. However, it is regarded as an incomplete protein, with lysine being a limiting amino acid. Objectives Our objectives were to determine the bioavailability of lysine in school-age children consuming cooked white rice and to assess the effect of rice starch retrogradation. Methods Bioavailability or metabolic availability (MA) of lysine was determined using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method in a repeated-measures design. Six healthy school-age children (3 boys, 3 girls) with a mean ± SD age of 6.8 ± 0.98 y randomly received 4 crystalline l-lysine intakes (2, 6, 10, 14 mg · kg−1 · d−1), and 5 rice intakes to provide lysine at 8, 11, or 14 mg · kg−1 · d−1. The 14 mg · kg−1 · d−1 intakes were measured twice as warm rice and once as cold rice (to assess the impact of starch retrogradation on MA). Diets provided protein at 1.5 g · kg−1 · d−1 and calories at 1.7 times the participant's measured resting energy requirement, and were isonitrogenous. Breath samples were collected at baseline and during an isotopic steady state for 13C enrichment measurement. The MA of lysine from rice was determined by comparing the IAAO response of rice with l-lysine using the slope-ratio and single intake methods. Starch retrogradation was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry. Results MA of lysine in warm rice measured in school-age children was 97.5% and was similar to a repeated rice study (97.1%) within the same study population. MA of lysine was reduced significantly (P < 0.05) to 86.1% when the cooked rice was consumed cold, which corresponded to detectable starch retrogradation. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure the MA of lysine from rice in school-age children. Although the bioavailability of lysine from rice is high, it can be reduced by retrogradation of its starch component. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04135040.

Influence of Thumb Sucking on Peer Social Acceptance in First-Grade Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-786
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Friman ◽  
Keith M. McPherson ◽  
William J. Warzak ◽  
Joseph Evans
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
First Grade ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Thumb Sucking ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Harmful Effects

Chronic thumb sucking in school-age children may reduce peer social acceptance, an important contributor to social development. The influence of thumb sucking on social acceptance was assessed among 40 first-grade children, who were shown four slides of two 7-year-old children (one boy, one girl) in two poses (one thumb sucking, one not). After viewing each slide in their classrooms, the children answered 10 numerically weighted questions related to peer acceptance. To limit the possibility that the children would determine the girl and boy were the same in each pose, the slide presentation was counterbalanced across two sessions 1 week apart. Using a repeated-measures analysis of variance, the authors compared composite scores on each question for both poses. The results indicate that while in the thumb-sucking pose, the children were rated as significantly less intelligent, happy, attractive, likable, and fun and less desirable as a friend, playmate, seatmate, classmate, and neighbor than when they were in the non-thumb-sucking pose. These findings suggest that the risk of reduced social acceptance should be added to the list of potentially harmful effects of chronic thumb sucking in school-age children.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a cooking skills programme in parents of young children – a longitudinal study

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 1013-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ada L Garcia ◽  
Elisa Vargas ◽  
Po S Lam ◽  
David B Shennan ◽  
Fiona Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Food Consumption ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Consumption Patterns ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Cooking Skills ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Validated Questionnaire

AbstractObjectiveTo evaluate longitudinally the effectiveness of a cooking programme on self-reported confidence about cooking skills and food consumption patterns in parents of young children.DesignAn evaluation of cooking programmes delivered by National Health Service (NHS) community food workers using a single group pre-test/post-test repeated measures design. A shortened version of a validated questionnaire at baseline, post intervention and 1-year follow-up determined confidence in cooking using basic ingredients, following a simple recipe, tasting new foods, preparing and cooking new foods on consumption of ready meals, vegetables and fruit.SettingDeprived communities in Ayrshire and Arran, Scotland.SubjectsParents of nursery age children, 97 % were female and <45 years old.ResultsOne hundred and two participants had completed baseline and post-intervention questionnaires. Forty-four participants contacted by telephone completed a follow-up questionnaire. In participants who completed all questionnaires (n 44), median confidence in four aspects of cooking increased significantly from baseline to post intervention (P < 0·001) but was retained at 1-year follow-up only for following a simple recipe and preparing and cooking new foods. Improved food consumption patterns were reported from baseline to post intervention (ready-meal consumption reduced from 2-4 times/week to 1 time/week, P < 0·001; vegetable consumption increased from 5–6 times/week to 1 time/d, P < 0·001; fruit consumption increased from 5–6 times/week to 1 time/d, P < 0·001) and remained at 1-year follow-up.ConclusionsThe cooking programmes appeared to improve cooking confidence and food consumption patterns in the target group and some of these changes were retained after 1 year.

scholarly journals Influence of Nitrosative Stress on Fatigue During Childhood Leukemia Treatment

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marilyn J. Hockenberry ◽  
Ida M. (Ki) Moore ◽  
Michael E. Scheurer ◽  
Mary C. Hooke ◽  
Olga A. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Childhood Leukemia ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Lymphoblastic Leukemia ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Stress Protein ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Leukemia Treatment

The focus on a cure for childhood leukemia over the last three decades has resulted in survival rates of more than 80%. However, efforts to manage leukemia-treatment symptoms have not kept pace with new therapies. Symptom toxicity during treatment can result in complications, treatment delays, and therapy dose reductions. Compromise in therapy can negatively influence the quality of life and, even more notably, jeopardize chances for long-term survival. This study examined biologic mechanisms that influence fatigue caused by increased reactive oxidative species (ROS) or actual failure of the antioxidant defense system due to genetic variation by investigating reactive nitrosative species, a “downstream” consequence of ROS. The specific aims of this study were to characterize the trajectory of nitrosative stress during acute lymphoblastic leukemia treatment and evaluate the influence of nitrosative stress on fatigue. A repeated measures design was used to evaluate the fatigue experienced by 186 children and adolescents, 3–18 years of age, with a diagnosis of leukemia during the most intense phase of treatment. An established biomarker of nitrosative stress, protein 3-nitrotyrosine (3NT) residues in the cerebral spinal fluid, was evaluated at diagnosis, postinduction, and consolidation phases of treatment. Higher fatigue was associated with higher 3NT levels at the beginning of treatment. Two distinct groups of children experienced either consistently high or consistently low 3NT levels across the treatment trajectory, from diagnosis to 12 months postinduction. Findings from this study support continued exploration into the phenotypic biochemical mechanisms that influence a reactive response to childhood cancer treatment.

PENGARUH PENYULUHAN GIZI DENGAN PERUBAHAN PERILAKU SARAPAN PAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Ricvan Dana Nindrea
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Students ◽  
Average Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test

<em>Basic Health Research Data years 2010-2013 showed an increased prevalence of nutritional status (BMI for Age) with a category of thin 7,6%, while in 2013 increased to 11,2%. Total of 16 provinces have prevalence thin School Age Children above the national prevalence, one of the province are the West Sumatra Province. One of the causes of the incident is school age children's food consumption is not good. This study aims to determine the effect of nutrition counseling to behavior change of breakfast in elementary school students. This type of research with pre experimental study. The research approach using a design one group pre and post test design. The study was conducted in 05 Elementary Schools of South Solok District. The research was conducted from November 2015 to May 2016. The population in this study all students in fourth and fifth grade 05 Elementary School South Solok District. These samples included 58 people with the sampling technique stratified random sampling. Data analysis was performed using mutivariat General Linear Model (GLM) Repeated Measures analysis. The survey results revealed an increase in the average behavior before and after counseling 3 times. Average behavior before the counseling 18 ± 4,2, post test I increased to 25 ± 4,4, post test II increased to 30 ± 2,2 and post test III increased 37 ± 3,5. Based on the analysis of the GLM Repeated Measures according breakfast behavior known that increasing breakfast behavior has occurred in the post test I (p = 0,000), as well as post test II and III (p = 0,000).</em>

Parents' Perceptions of the Overall Impact of Stuttering on Young Children

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Linn Stokke Guttormsen ◽  
J. Scott Yaruss ◽  
Kari-Anne Bottegård Næss
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Adverse Impact ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Point Scale ◽  
Cognitive Reactions ◽  
Communication Difficulties ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Insight Into

Introduction Research has revealed the presence of emotional, behavioral, and cognitive reactions in young children who stutter; however, prior studies have not examined the overall impact of stuttering on young children's lives. Such information is necessary for improving understanding of how stuttering affects young children and for ensuring appropriate early intervention. Method This study employed an adaptation of the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering for School-Age Children that was designed to ask parents about their perceptions of the impact of stuttering on their young children. Thirty-eight parents of young children who stutter (2–5 years of age) provided their perceptions of the impact of stuttering on their children. Parents rated how certain they were in their judgments using a 5-point scale to provide an indication of their confidence in proxy ratings of impact. Results Results indicated that, on average, parents perceived that stuttering affected their children negatively. Qualitatively, parents provided descriptions of the impact of stuttering on their children's quality of life, communication difficulties across people and situations, and reactions to stuttering; they also commented on their own feelings and strategies for handling impact. On average, parents perceived themselves to be certain in rating the impact of stuttering on their children. Conclusions Results indicated that parents identified adverse impact in their children's lives. Even though parents considered themselves to be certain in their impact ratings, clinicians and researchers should also assess the perspective of the children if appropriate. This is because present findings reveal that parents may not have insight into all aspects of impact, in particular, cognitive reactions to stuttering. Still, parents' perceptions of impact are important for clinicians to consider when giving recommendations for therapy, as they can provide important insight into the family's needs.

Pain and nurses' emotion work in a paediatric clinic: Treatment procedures and nurse-child alignments

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camilla Rindstedt
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Paediatric Oncology ◽  
Emotion Work ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Child Participation ◽  
Video Ethnography ◽  
Child Interaction ◽  
Treatment Procedures ◽  
Cancer In Children

In the treatment of cancer in children, treatment procedures have been reported to be one of the most feared elements, as more painful than the illness as such. This study draws on a video ethnography of routine needle procedure events, as part of fieldwork at a paediatric oncology clinic documenting everyday treatment negotiations between nurses and young children. On the basis of detailed transcriptions of verbal and nonverbal staff–child interaction, the analyses focus on ways in which pain and anxiety can be seen as phenomena that are partly contingent on nurses’ emotion work. The school-age children did not display fear. In the preschool group, though, pain and fear seemed to be phenomena that were greatly reduced through nurses’ emotion work. This study focuses on three preschoolers facing potentially painful treatment, showing how the nurses engaged in massive emotion work with the children, through online commentaries, interactive formats (delegation of tasks, consent sequences, collaborative ‘we’-formats), as well as solidarity-oriented moves (such as praise and endearment terms). Even a young toddler would handle the distress of needle procedures, when interacting with an inventive nurse who mobilized child participation through skilful emotion work.

The Iowa Pegboard Fine-Motor Task: Normative Performance and Research Applications

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1002
Author(s):  
Janet N. Melby ◽  
Damaris Pease ◽  
Kimberly A. Kleckner
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Current Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
School Age ◽  
Individual Child ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Prediction Formula ◽  
Reliability Performance

The Iowa Pegboard Fine-motor Task is a 60-sec. peg-placement task for use with preschool and school-age children. The instrument has demonstrated validity and reliability. Performance norms by age (means, standard deviations, and range) are presented for 865 observations (420 boys, 445 girls) of 510 Iowa children ranging in age from 33 to 138 mo. Regression analysis yielded the prediction formula: Ŷ = −8.205 + 0.619(age in mo.) − 0.002 (age in mo.)2. Moderate stability, based on 513 comparisons of repeated measures, is evident. Correlations of pegboard and PPVT scores, based on 541 observations of children 33 to 71 mo. of age, are positive and significant. The present findings enhance the use of the instrument in assessing current status of an individual child and/or in comparison within and between individuals.

Effect of Linear Frequency Transposition on Speech Recognition and Production of School-Age Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 289-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Auriemmo ◽  
Francis Kuk ◽  
Chi Lau ◽  
Susan Marshall ◽  
Natalie Thiele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Linear Frequency ◽  
Consonant Recognition ◽  
Special Education School

Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy of linear frequency transposition (LFT) for a group of school-age children. Research Design: A nonrandomized, within-subject design was implemented to investigate vowel and consonant recognition and fricative articulation of school-age children utilizing this feature. Study Sample: Ten children, aged 6 years and 3 months, to 13 years and 6 months from a special education school district participated in this study. Individual hearing thresholds ranged from normal to moderate in the low frequencies and from severe to profound in the high frequencies. Average language age of children was within 2.2 years of chronological age. Data Collection and Analysis: Phoneme recognition and fricative articulation performance were compared for three conditions: (1) with the children's own hearing aids, (2) with an advanced hearing instrument utilizing LFT, and (3) with the same instrument without LFT. Nonsense syllable materials were administered at 30 and 50 dB HL input levels. Fricative articulation was measured by analyzing speech samples of conversational speech and oral reading passages. Repeated measures general linear model was utilized to determine the significance of any noted effects. Results: Results indicated significant improvements in vowel and consonant recognition with LFT for the 30 dB HL input level. Significant improvement in the accuracy of production of high-frequency (HF) fricatives after six weeks of use of LFT was also observed. Conclusions: These results suggest that LFT is a potentially useful hearing aid feature for school-age children with a precipitous HF sensorineural hearing loss.

scholarly journals A Gendered Pandemic: Childcare, Homeschooling, and Parents’ Employment During COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Petts ◽  
Daniel L. Carlson ◽  
Joanna R. Pepin
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Father Involvement ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Employment Outcomes ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Full Time ◽  
School Age ◽  
Data Limitations ◽  
Increased Risk

The COVID-19 pandemic has dramatically affected employment, particularly for mothers. Many believe that the loss of childcare and homeschooling requirements are key contributors to this trend, but previous work has been unable to test these hypotheses due to data limitations. This study uses novel data from 989 partnered, US parents to empirically examine whether the loss of childcare and new homeschooling demands are associated with employment outcomes early in the pandemic. We also consider whether the division of childcare prior to the pandemic is associated with parents’ employment. For parents with young children, the loss of full-time childcare was associated with an increased risk of unemployment for mothers but not fathers. Yet, father involvement in childcare substantially buffered against negative employment outcomes for mothers of young children. For parents with school-age children, participation in homeschooling was associated with adverse employment outcomes for mothers but not fathers. Overall, this study provides empirical support for the current discourse on gender differences in employment during the pandemic and also highlights the role fathers can play in buffering against reduced labor force participation among mothers.

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