Influence of Thumb Sucking on Peer Social Acceptance in First-Grade Children

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 784-786
Author(s):  
Patrick C. Friman ◽  
Keith M. McPherson ◽  
William J. Warzak ◽  
Joseph Evans
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
First Grade ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis ◽  
Thumb Sucking ◽  
Composite Scores ◽  
Harmful Effects

Chronic thumb sucking in school-age children may reduce peer social acceptance, an important contributor to social development. The influence of thumb sucking on social acceptance was assessed among 40 first-grade children, who were shown four slides of two 7-year-old children (one boy, one girl) in two poses (one thumb sucking, one not). After viewing each slide in their classrooms, the children answered 10 numerically weighted questions related to peer acceptance. To limit the possibility that the children would determine the girl and boy were the same in each pose, the slide presentation was counterbalanced across two sessions 1 week apart. Using a repeated-measures analysis of variance, the authors compared composite scores on each question for both poses. The results indicate that while in the thumb-sucking pose, the children were rated as significantly less intelligent, happy, attractive, likable, and fun and less desirable as a friend, playmate, seatmate, classmate, and neighbor than when they were in the non-thumb-sucking pose. These findings suggest that the risk of reduced social acceptance should be added to the list of potentially harmful effects of chronic thumb sucking in school-age children.

LINKING CHILDREN'S SOCIAL WORLDS: PERSPECTIVETAKING IN PARENT-CHILD AND PEER CONTEXTS

2003 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 509-522 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Fitzgerald ◽  
Karen J. White
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Social Behavior ◽  
Prosocial Behavior ◽  
Perspective Taking ◽  
Peer Acceptance ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Social Worlds ◽  
Interpersonal Understanding ◽  
Parent Child

Parental use of victim-centered discipline (VCD) (Hoffman, 1975) was examined as it related to children's perspective-taking, social behavior, and peer acceptance. Participants were 93 (50 girls, 43 boys) primarily Caucasian (87%) school-age children. Perspective-taking was assessed via Selman's (1979) interpersonal understanding interview. Peers, parents, and teachers assessed social behavior. Nominations and play ratings determined peer acceptance. Results indicated that VCD was positively related to children's perspective-taking. Perspective-taking was negatively related to aggression and positively related to prosocial behavior. Results suggested perspective-taking mediates the previous relationship established between VCD and social behavior. Peer acceptance was negatively related to aggression and positively related to prosocial behavior. Age and socioeconomic status also were related to the pattern of relationships between VCD, perspective-taking, and social behavior.

PENGARUH PENYULUHAN GIZI DENGAN PERUBAHAN PERILAKU SARAPAN PAGI SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Ricvan Dana Nindrea
Keyword(s):  
Elementary School ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Students ◽  
Average Behavior ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test

<em>Basic Health Research Data years 2010-2013 showed an increased prevalence of nutritional status (BMI for Age) with a category of thin 7,6%, while in 2013 increased to 11,2%. Total of 16 provinces have prevalence thin School Age Children above the national prevalence, one of the province are the West Sumatra Province. One of the causes of the incident is school age children's food consumption is not good. This study aims to determine the effect of nutrition counseling to behavior change of breakfast in elementary school students. This type of research with pre experimental study. The research approach using a design one group pre and post test design. The study was conducted in 05 Elementary Schools of South Solok District. The research was conducted from November 2015 to May 2016. The population in this study all students in fourth and fifth grade 05 Elementary School South Solok District. These samples included 58 people with the sampling technique stratified random sampling. Data analysis was performed using mutivariat General Linear Model (GLM) Repeated Measures analysis. The survey results revealed an increase in the average behavior before and after counseling 3 times. Average behavior before the counseling 18 ± 4,2, post test I increased to 25 ± 4,4, post test II increased to 30 ± 2,2 and post test III increased 37 ± 3,5. Based on the analysis of the GLM Repeated Measures according breakfast behavior known that increasing breakfast behavior has occurred in the post test I (p = 0,000), as well as post test II and III (p = 0,000).</em>

The Iowa Pegboard Fine-Motor Task: Normative Performance and Research Applications

1987 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1002
Author(s):  
Janet N. Melby ◽  
Damaris Pease ◽  
Kimberly A. Kleckner
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Motor Task ◽  
Current Status ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Fine Motor ◽  
School Age ◽  
Individual Child ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Prediction Formula ◽  
Reliability Performance

The Iowa Pegboard Fine-motor Task is a 60-sec. peg-placement task for use with preschool and school-age children. The instrument has demonstrated validity and reliability. Performance norms by age (means, standard deviations, and range) are presented for 865 observations (420 boys, 445 girls) of 510 Iowa children ranging in age from 33 to 138 mo. Regression analysis yielded the prediction formula: Ŷ = −8.205 + 0.619(age in mo.) − 0.002 (age in mo.)2. Moderate stability, based on 513 comparisons of repeated measures, is evident. Correlations of pegboard and PPVT scores, based on 541 observations of children 33 to 71 mo. of age, are positive and significant. The present findings enhance the use of the instrument in assessing current status of an individual child and/or in comparison within and between individuals.

Effect of Linear Frequency Transposition on Speech Recognition and Production of School-Age Children

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (05) ◽  
pp. 289-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Auriemmo ◽  
Francis Kuk ◽  
Chi Lau ◽  
Susan Marshall ◽  
Natalie Thiele ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Oral Reading ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Conversational Speech ◽  
Low Frequencies ◽  
Linear Frequency ◽  
Consonant Recognition ◽  
Special Education School

Purpose: To investigate the clinical efficacy of linear frequency transposition (LFT) for a group of school-age children. Research Design: A nonrandomized, within-subject design was implemented to investigate vowel and consonant recognition and fricative articulation of school-age children utilizing this feature. Study Sample: Ten children, aged 6 years and 3 months, to 13 years and 6 months from a special education school district participated in this study. Individual hearing thresholds ranged from normal to moderate in the low frequencies and from severe to profound in the high frequencies. Average language age of children was within 2.2 years of chronological age. Data Collection and Analysis: Phoneme recognition and fricative articulation performance were compared for three conditions: (1) with the children's own hearing aids, (2) with an advanced hearing instrument utilizing LFT, and (3) with the same instrument without LFT. Nonsense syllable materials were administered at 30 and 50 dB HL input levels. Fricative articulation was measured by analyzing speech samples of conversational speech and oral reading passages. Repeated measures general linear model was utilized to determine the significance of any noted effects. Results: Results indicated significant improvements in vowel and consonant recognition with LFT for the 30 dB HL input level. Significant improvement in the accuracy of production of high-frequency (HF) fricatives after six weeks of use of LFT was also observed. Conclusions: These results suggest that LFT is a potentially useful hearing aid feature for school-age children with a precipitous HF sensorineural hearing loss.

scholarly journals ANALYSIS OF THE MOTOR STATUS OF YOUNGER SCHOOL AGE CHILDREN IN RELATION TO THEIR NUTRITIONAL STATUS

2019 ◽  
pp. 111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladan Pelemiš ◽  
Darijan Ujsasi ◽  
Velibor Srdić ◽  
Danica Džinović ◽  
Slobodan Pavlović
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Motor Skills ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
First Grade ◽  
The Body ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Obese Children ◽  
Normal Mass ◽  
And Gender

The aim of the research is to determine whether there are gender differences between younger school-age children, and whether those differences within the sub-sample are influenced by the state of mass and motor skills. The whole sample included 285 respondents age 7.27±0.43, of which 144 boys (50.52%), and 141 girls (49.48%) who attended the first grade on the territory of the Province of Vojvodina (Republic of Serbia). The Eurofit battery of tests was used. The research results show that the prevalence of children with severe thinness in the whole sample is low 3.87%; children with normal mass 65.26%; pre-obese children only 18.59% and obese children only 12.28%, so that gender differences in motor skills considering the whole sample, apart from the mass, are between average values for boys considering explosive strength of the lower extremities, repetitive strength of the body and agility. Statistically significant differences within the sub-sample considering motor abilities were seen neither in boys nor in girls of different mass. The research findings show that there is significant percentage of children with normal mass and that the flow of their mass is within their growth and development. Their motor development within the sub-sample also flows equally, and gender differences are present because of differentiation of motor skills, which appears in this period. The authors think that greater differences and variables in respect to mass and motor activities are to be seen in the period of pre-puberty.

scholarly journals Acquisition of Mathematical and Linguistic Skills in Children With Learning Difficulties

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurit Viesel-Nordmeyer ◽  
Ute Ritterfeld ◽  
Wilfried Bos
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Panel Study ◽  
Learning Difficulties ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Mathematical Skills ◽  
Linguistic Skills ◽  
Primary School Age

Comorbid learning difficulties in linguistic and mathematical skills often emerge in primary school age. The cause of coinciding of both learning difficulties during children’s development spanning pre- and primary-school age is not yet well understood. To address this research gap, we used data from the German National Educational Panel Study (NEPS; n = 301) of four groups of children which were categorized according to their skill levels in pre-school age: children with learning difficulties isolated in linguistic skills (LD), children with learning difficulties isolated in mathematical skills (MD), children with learning difficulties combined in linguistic and mathematical skills (MD/LD), and children with typical development in both skills (TA). Computing univariate and repeated measures ANCOVAs we compared the mathematical and linguistic development of the four groups of children (LD, MD, LD/MD, and TA) spanning age four to ten. Results reveal a partial catch-up in linguistic skills (lexical, grammatical) for children with LD. In contrast, children with MD did not overcome their mathematical competence gap in comparison with TA and LD. Moreover, children with MD showed a decrease in grammatical skills during transition in primary school. Further, children with MD/LD displayed the weakest performance in linguistic and mathematical skills during pre- and primary-school age in general. However, after controlling for working memory, initial performance differences between the groups decreased in favor of MD/LD. The relation between linguistic skills and mathematical skills in persisting learning difficulties as well as the specific role of working memory are discussed.

scholarly journals Lysine Bioavailability in School-Age Children Consuming Rice Is Reduced by Starch Retrogradation

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (12) ◽  
pp. 3208-3215
Author(s):  
Katia Caballero ◽  
Ronit Mandal ◽  
Anubhav Pratap-Singh ◽  
David D Kitts ◽  
Ronald O Ball ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
School Age ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Starch Retrogradation ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACT Background Rice is one of the most commonly consumed cereal grains and is part of staple diets in the majority of the world. However, it is regarded as an incomplete protein, with lysine being a limiting amino acid. Objectives Our objectives were to determine the bioavailability of lysine in school-age children consuming cooked white rice and to assess the effect of rice starch retrogradation. Methods Bioavailability or metabolic availability (MA) of lysine was determined using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method in a repeated-measures design. Six healthy school-age children (3 boys, 3 girls) with a mean ± SD age of 6.8 ± 0.98 y randomly received 4 crystalline l-lysine intakes (2, 6, 10, 14 mg · kg−1 · d−1), and 5 rice intakes to provide lysine at 8, 11, or 14 mg · kg−1 · d−1. The 14 mg · kg−1 · d−1 intakes were measured twice as warm rice and once as cold rice (to assess the impact of starch retrogradation on MA). Diets provided protein at 1.5 g · kg−1 · d−1 and calories at 1.7 times the participant's measured resting energy requirement, and were isonitrogenous. Breath samples were collected at baseline and during an isotopic steady state for 13C enrichment measurement. The MA of lysine from rice was determined by comparing the IAAO response of rice with l-lysine using the slope-ratio and single intake methods. Starch retrogradation was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry. Results MA of lysine in warm rice measured in school-age children was 97.5% and was similar to a repeated rice study (97.1%) within the same study population. MA of lysine was reduced significantly (P &lt; 0.05) to 86.1% when the cooked rice was consumed cold, which corresponded to detectable starch retrogradation. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to measure the MA of lysine from rice in school-age children. Although the bioavailability of lysine from rice is high, it can be reduced by retrogradation of its starch component. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04135040.

scholarly journals Changes in English Past Tense Use by Bilingual School-Age Children With and Without Developmental Language Disorder

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (10) ◽  
pp. 2532-2546 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy F. Jacobson ◽  
Yan H. Yu
Keyword(s):  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Language Disorder ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Developmental Language Disorder ◽  
Ability Group ◽  
Repeated Measures Analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine changes in English past tense accuracy and errors among Spanish–English bilingual children with typical development (TD) and developmental language disorder (DLD).MethodThirty-three children were tested before and after 1 year to examine changes in clinically relevant English past tense errors using an elicited production task. A mixed-model linear regression using age as a continuous variable revealed a robust effect for age. A 4-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted with age (young, old) and language ability group (TD, DLD) as between-subjects variables, time (Time 1, Time 2) and verb type (regular, irregular, and novel verbs) as within-subject variables, and percent accuracy as the dependent variable. Subsequently, a 4-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was conducted to measure the overall distribution of verb errors across 2 time points.ResultsOverall, children produced regular and novel verb past tense forms with higher accuracy than irregular past tense verbs in an elicitation task. Children with TD were more accurate than children with DLD. Younger children made more improvement than older children from Time 1 to Time 2, especially in the regular and novel verb conditions. Bare stem and overregularization were the most common errors across all groups. Errors consisting of stem + ing were more common in children with DLD than those with TD in the novel verb condition.DiscussionContrary to an earlier report (Jacobson & Schwartz, 2005), the relative greater difficulty with regular and novel verbs was replaced by greater difficulty for irregular past tense, a pattern consistent with monolingual impairment. Age was a contributing factor, particularly for younger children with DLD who produced more stem + ing errors in the novel verb condition. For all children, and particularly for those with DLD, an extended period for irregular past tense learning was evident. The results support a usage-based theory of language acquisition and impairment.

scholarly journals Fatigue and Oxidative Stress in Children Undergoing Leukemia Treatment

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 515-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryl Rodgers ◽  
Chelse Sanborn ◽  
Olga Taylor ◽  
Patricia Gundy ◽  
Alice Pasvogel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Induction Treatment ◽  
School Age ◽  
Oncology Patients ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Leukemia Treatment ◽  
Normal Ratio

Fatigue is a frequent and distressing symptom in children undergoing leukemia treatment; however, little is known about factors influencing this symptom. Antioxidants such as glutathione can decrease symptom severity in adult oncology patients, but no study has evaluated antioxidants’ effects on symptoms in pediatric oncology patients. This study describes fatigue patterns and associations of fatigue with antioxidants represented by reduced glutathione (GSH) and the reduced/oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio among children receiving leukemia treatment. A repeated measures design assessed fatigue and antioxidants among 38 children from two large U.S. cancer centers. Fatigue was assessed among school-age children and by parent proxy among young children. Antioxidants (GSH and GSH/GSSG ratio) were assessed from cerebrospinal fluid at four phases during leukemia treatment. Young children had a steady decline of fatigue from the end of induction treatment through the continuation phase of treatment, but no significant changes were noted among the school-age children. Mean antioxidant scores varied slightly over time; however, the GSH/GSSG ratios in these children were significantly lower than the normal ratio. Mean GSH/GSSG ratios significantly correlated to fatigue scores of the school-age children during early phases of treatment. Children with low mean GSH/GSSG ratios demonstrated oxidative stress. The low ratios noted early in therapy were significantly correlated with higher fatigue scores during induction and postinduction treatment phases. This finding suggests that increased oxidative stress during the more intensive phases of therapy may explain the experience of fatigue children report.

scholarly journals Prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for myopia among urban and rural children in southern China: protocol for a school-based cohort study

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. e049846
Author(s):  
Xin Chen ◽  
Guofang Ye ◽  
Yuxin Zhong ◽  
Ling Jin ◽  
Xiaoling Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Southern China ◽  
First Grade ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
School Based ◽  
Registration Number

IntroductionMyopia is the common cause of reduced uncorrected visual acuity among school-age children. It is more prevalent in urban than in rural areas. Although many myopia studies have focused on the effect of urbanisation, it remains unclear how visual experience in urban regions could affect childhood myopia. This study aims to investigate the incidence and prevalence of myopia among school-age children in urban and rural settings, thereby identifying the environmental factors that affect the onset and progression of myopia.Methods and analysisA school-based cohort study will be conducted. We will enroll all first-grade students from an urban (10 primary schools) and a rural (10 primary schools) regions of Zhaoqing city, China. Over 3-year follow-up period, students will receive detailed eye examinations annually and complete questionnaires about living habits and environment. In a 5% random subsample of the cohort, physical activity, light intensity and eye-tracking data will be obtained using wearable devices, and high-resolution macular images will be obtained by optical coherence tomography (OCT). The primary outcome is incident myopia, defined as myopia (spherical equivalent refractive of at least −0.5D) detected during follow-up among those without myopia at baseline.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval was obtained from the ethics committee of the Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center (number: 2019KYPJ171). Study findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal.Trial registration numberNCT04219228.

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