scholarly journals Nestin Expression as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker in Colorectal Cancer and Other Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117955492110382
Author(s):  
Anna Szymańska-Chabowska ◽  
Filip Świątkowski ◽  
Beata Jankowska-Polańska ◽  
Grzegorz Mazur ◽  
Mariusz Chabowski
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nestin Expression ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Cancer Breast

Lung cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer are the leading causes of death in developed countries. Many cancers display non-specific signs in the early stage of the disease, thus making early diagnosis often difficult. We focused on nestin as a new biomarker of possible clinical importance in the early diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. The expression of nestin takes place at an early stage of neural differentiation, but no expression of the nestin gene can be revealed in normal, mature adult tissues. Nestin plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system and contributes to the organization and maintenance of cell shape. Nestin was found to be a marker of microvessel density, which in turn has proven to be a reliable prognostic factor for neoplastic malignancies in patients. Nestin expression correlates with an increased aggressiveness of tumor cells. The role of nestin in cancers of the colon and rectum, liver, central nervous system, lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and other cancers has been reviewed in the literature. Associations between nestin expression and prognosis or drug-resistance may help in disease management. More research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms of nestin expression and its role in possible targeted therapy.

scholarly journals Application of AI technology in tumor medical imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tong Li
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Medical Imaging ◽  
Central Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Nervous System Tumors ◽  
Cancer Breast

Abstract: Artificial intelligence AI has many algorithms, , there are many applications in central nervous system tumors, lung cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer, orthopaedic tumors, etc., with the norms and support of national policies,AI technology in tumor medical imaging will be ushed broadly .

scholarly journals A Meta-analysis of Comorbidities in COVID-19: Which Diseases increase the Susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 Infection?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Ramachandran ◽  
Manoj Kumar Singh ◽  
Ahmed Mobeen ◽  
Amit Chandra ◽  
Sweta Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Cancer Breast

Background: Comorbidities have been frequently reported in COVID-19 patients, which often lead to more severe outcomes. The underlying molecular mechanisms behind these clinical observations have not yet been explained. Herein, we investigated the disease-specific gene expression signatures that may induce susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We studied 30 frequently occurring acute, chronic, or infectious diseases of recent times that have shown comorbidity in one or another respiratory disease(s) caused by pathogenic human infecting coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV-2. We retrieved array-based gene expression data for each disease and control from relevant datasets. Subsequently, all the datasets were quantile normalized, and log-2 transformed data was used for analysis. Results The expression of ACE2 receptor and host proteases, namely FURIN and TMPRSS2 that are essential for cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2, was upregulated in all six studied subtypes of leukemia (hereafter, referred as leukemia). The expression of ACE2 was also increased in psoriasis, lung cancer, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), breast cancer, and pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. The expression of FURIN was higher in psoriasis, NAFLD, lung cancer, and in type II diabetic liver, whereas it was lowered in breast cancer. Similarly, the expression of TMPRSS2 was increased during lung cancer and type II diabetes; it was decreased during psoriasis, NAFLD, lung cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer.Furthermore, a heightened expression of genes that are involved in immune response was observed in leukemia patients, as shown by the higher expression of IFNA2, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA14, IFNA16, IFNA21, IFNB1, CXCL10, and IL6. The expression of JAK1, STAT1, IL6, and CXCL10 was higher in NAFLD. Besides, JAK1 and STAT1 were upregulated in type II diabetic muscles. In addition, most of the upregulated genes in COVID-19 patients showed a similar trend in leukemia, NAFLD, and psoriasis. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS CoV, were found to commonly alter two genes, namely, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 11 and CLUSTERIN.Conclusions: The genes that may confer susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection are mostly upregulated in leukemia patients; hence, leukemia patients are relatively more susceptible to develop COVID-19, followed by other chronic disorders, such as, NAFLD, type II diabetes, psoriasis, and hypertension. This study identifies key genes that are altered in the studied diseases types, which may aid in the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and underlie COVID-19 associated comorbidities.

THE PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B REACTIVATION (HBV) IN CANCER PATIENTS TREATING WITH CHEMOTHERAPY

2016 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Phuong Phung ◽  
Thi Thuy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Hepatitis B Reactivation ◽  
Cancer Breast

ackground and Objectives: Nowadays, the incidence of cancer is constantly increasing in the world as well as in Vietnam. The treatment of cancer is based on multimodality principle. Among those principal modalities, chemotherapy is widely used for different purposes such as neoadjuvant, andjuvant and palliation. However, chemotherapy can induce activation of latent infections, including hepatitis B. Vietnam is in the endemic region of hepatitis B so the reactivation of hepatitis B on cancer patients with chemotherapy has emerged a concerned problem. However, few interests were gained on this problem in the aspect of clinical setting or researching. Aims: to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B reactivation (HBV) in cancer patients treating with chemotherapy and to detect some risks factors of this situation. Subjects and methods: descriptive prospective. The study included 33 cancer patients with inactive HBV infection who are treating with chemotherapy. We define HBV reactivation by ALT > 3 ULN and HBV DNA copies > 10 positive control limit. Results: We found 6 patients with reactivated HBV, accounting for 18.18 %. Among reactivated HBV patients, age less than 60 accounts 83,33%. Rate of reactivated HBV in males was 25,00% while this rate in females was 14,28%. Rate of reactivated HBV in lymphoma, lung cancer and breast cancer was 33,33%, 25% và 22,22% respectively. Clinial manifestation of reactivated HBV includes jaundice (33,33%), fulminant hepatic failure (6%) and death (5%). The reactivated rate was higher in patients got high dose of corticoid (28,57%) vs low dose (15,38%). This rate was 29,41% in patients treated with anthracyclines which was higher than in group without anthracyclines. The reactivated rate of HBV was dramatically higher in patients treated with rituximab (75%). Conclusion: the reactivation of hepatitis B on cancer patients with chemotherapy is common. We found 6 patients with reactivated HBV of 33 subjects of the study which accounts 18.18 %. We recognized that reactivated HBV rate was higher subgroups of age < 60 years old, males, patients with lymphoma, lung cancer, breast cancer. Reactivated HBV may be more prevalent in patients with high-dose corticotherapy, anthracyclines and Rituximab. Key words: HBV reactivation, chemotherapy, cancer, hepatitis B

scholarly journals Development of the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Early Stage after Hemorrhage in the Central Nervous System

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 300
Author(s):  
Petr Kelbich ◽  
Aleš Hejčl ◽  
Jan Krejsek ◽  
Tomáš Radovnický ◽  
Inka Matuchová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Signed Rank Test ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Molecular Patterns

Extravasation of blood in the central nervous system (CNS) represents a very strong damaged associated molecular patterns (DAMP) which is followed by rapid inflammation and can participate in worse outcome of patients. We analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 139 patients after the CNS hemorrhage. We compared 109 survivors (Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) 5-3) and 30 patients with poor outcomes (GOS 2-1). Statistical evaluations were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and the Mann–Whitney U test. Almost the same numbers of erythrocytes in both subgroups appeared in days 0–3 (p = 0.927) and a significant increase in patients with GOS 2-1 in days 7–10 after the hemorrhage (p = 0.004) revealed persistence of extravascular blood in the CNS as an adverse factor. We assess 43.3% of patients with GOS 2-1 and only 27.5% of patients with GOS 5-3 with low values of the coefficient of energy balance (KEB < 15.0) in days 0–3 after the hemorrhage as a trend to immediate intensive inflammation in the CNS of patients with poor outcomes. We consider significantly higher concentration of total protein of patients with GOS 2-1 in days 0–3 after hemorrhage (p = 0.008) as the evidence of immediate simultaneously manifested intensive inflammation, swelling of the brain and elevation of intracranial pressure.

scholarly journals Osimertinib versus afatinib in patients with T790M-positive, non-small-cell lung cancer and multiple central nervous system metastases after failure of initial EGFR-TKI treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Yang ◽  
Qilong Liu ◽  
Lei Cao ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Xiaowei Gu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Cns Metastases ◽  
Tki Treatment ◽  
Egfr Tki

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of osimertinib (OSI) versus afatinib (AFA) in patients with T790M-positive, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and multiple central nervous system (CNS) metastases after failure of initial epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) treatment. Methods Consecutive patients with T790M-positive NSCLC and multiple CNS metastases after failure of initial EGFR-TKI treatment were retrospectively identified from our medical institution during 2016–2018 and underwent either oral 80 daily OSI or oral 40 daily AFA every 3 weeks for up to 6 cycles, until disease progression, intolerable adverse events (AEs), or death. The co-primary endpoints were overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Results The cohort consisted of 124 patients (OSI: n = 60, mean age = 64.24 years [SD: 12.33]; AFA: n = 64, mean age = 64.13 years [SD: 13.72]). After a median follow-up of 24 months (range, 3 to 28), a significant improvement in OS was detected (hazard ratio [HR] 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.39–0.91; p = 0.0160; median, 13.7 months [95% CI, 11.1–14.8] for OSI vs 9.6 months [95% CI, 8.4–10.2] for AFA). The median duration of PFS was significantly longer with OSI than with AFA (HR 0.62; 95% CI, 0.41–0.91; p = 0.014; median, 4.5 months [95% CI, 3.5–5.7] vs 3.9 months [95% CI, 3.1–4.8]). The proportion of grade 3 or higher adverse events (AEs) was lower with OSI (22.4%) than with AFA (39.4%). Conclusions In patients with T790M-positive NSCLC and multiple CNS metastases after failure of initial EGFR-TKI treatment, OSI may be associated with significantly improved survival benefit compared with AFA, with a controllable tolerability profile.

scholarly journals The Central Nervous System as a Sanctuary Site in ALK-Positive Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1570-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin F. Gainor ◽  
Sai-Hong Ignatius Ou ◽  
Jennifer Logan ◽  
Lawrence F. Borges ◽  
Alice T. Shaw
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Alk Positive

Seven cases of breast cancer recurrence limited to the central nervous system without other visceral metastases

Breast Cancer ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisato Higashi ◽  
Takashi Fukutomi ◽  
Toru Watanabe ◽  
Isamu Adachi ◽  
Masaru Narabayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Breast Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Visceral Metastases ◽  
The Central Nervous System

scholarly journals Anticancer Applications and Pharmacological Properties of Piperidine and Piperine: A Comprehensive Review on Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Perspectives

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sicon Mitra ◽  
Uttpal Anand ◽  
Niraj Kumar Jha ◽  
Mahipal S. Shekhawat ◽  
Suchismita Chatterjee Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Molecular Formula ◽  
Cycle Arrest

Piperine and piperidine are the two major alkaloids extracted from black pepper (Piper nigrum); piperidine is a heterocyclic moiety that has the molecular formula (CH2)5NH. Over the years, many therapeutic properties including anticancer potential of these two compounds have been observed. Piperine has therapeutic potential against cancers such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, gastric cancer, gliomal cancer, lung cancer, oral squamous, chronic pancreatitis, prostate cancer, rectal cancer, cervical cancer, and leukemia. Whereas, piperidine acts as a potential clinical agent against cancers, such as breast cancer, prostate cancer, colon cancer, lung cancer, and ovarian cancer, when treated alone or in combination with some novel drugs. Several crucial signalling pathways essential for the establishment of cancers such as STAT-3, NF-κB, PI3k/Aκt, JNK/p38-MAPK, TGF-ß/SMAD, Smac/DIABLO, p-IκB etc., are regulated by these two phytochemicals. Both of these phytochemicals lead to inhibition of cell migration and help in cell cycle arrest to inhibit survivability of cancer cells. The current review highlights the pharmaceutical relevance of both piperine and piperidine against different types of cancers.

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