scholarly journals A Meta-analysis of Comorbidities in COVID-19: Which Diseases increase the Susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 Infection?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srinivasan Ramachandran ◽  
Manoj Kumar Singh ◽  
Ahmed Mobeen ◽  
Amit Chandra ◽  
Sweta Joshi
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Cancer Breast

Background: Comorbidities have been frequently reported in COVID-19 patients, which often lead to more severe outcomes. The underlying molecular mechanisms behind these clinical observations have not yet been explained. Herein, we investigated the disease-specific gene expression signatures that may induce susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: We studied 30 frequently occurring acute, chronic, or infectious diseases of recent times that have shown comorbidity in one or another respiratory disease(s) caused by pathogenic human infecting coronaviruses, especially SARS-CoV-2. We retrieved array-based gene expression data for each disease and control from relevant datasets. Subsequently, all the datasets were quantile normalized, and log-2 transformed data was used for analysis. Results The expression of ACE2 receptor and host proteases, namely FURIN and TMPRSS2 that are essential for cellular entry of SARS-CoV-2, was upregulated in all six studied subtypes of leukemia (hereafter, referred as leukemia). The expression of ACE2 was also increased in psoriasis, lung cancer, Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), breast cancer, and pulmonary arterial hypertension patients. The expression of FURIN was higher in psoriasis, NAFLD, lung cancer, and in type II diabetic liver, whereas it was lowered in breast cancer. Similarly, the expression of TMPRSS2 was increased during lung cancer and type II diabetes; it was decreased during psoriasis, NAFLD, lung cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer.Furthermore, a heightened expression of genes that are involved in immune response was observed in leukemia patients, as shown by the higher expression of IFNA2, IFNA8, IFNA10, IFNA14, IFNA16, IFNA21, IFNB1, CXCL10, and IL6. The expression of JAK1, STAT1, IL6, and CXCL10 was higher in NAFLD. Besides, JAK1 and STAT1 were upregulated in type II diabetic muscles. In addition, most of the upregulated genes in COVID-19 patients showed a similar trend in leukemia, NAFLD, and psoriasis. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV and MERS CoV, were found to commonly alter two genes, namely, CARBONIC ANHYDRASE 11 and CLUSTERIN.Conclusions: The genes that may confer susceptibility to SARS-CoV-2 infection are mostly upregulated in leukemia patients; hence, leukemia patients are relatively more susceptible to develop COVID-19, followed by other chronic disorders, such as, NAFLD, type II diabetes, psoriasis, and hypertension. This study identifies key genes that are altered in the studied diseases types, which may aid in the infection of SARS-CoV-2 and underlie COVID-19 associated comorbidities.

scholarly journals Nestin Expression as a Diagnostic and Prognostic Marker in Colorectal Cancer and Other Tumors

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 117955492110382
Author(s):  
Anna Szymańska-Chabowska ◽  
Filip Świątkowski ◽  
Beata Jankowska-Polańska ◽  
Grzegorz Mazur ◽  
Mariusz Chabowski
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Nestin Expression ◽  
Mature Adult ◽  
Cancer Breast

Lung cancer, colon cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer are the leading causes of death in developed countries. Many cancers display non-specific signs in the early stage of the disease, thus making early diagnosis often difficult. We focused on nestin as a new biomarker of possible clinical importance in the early diagnosis and monitoring of cancer. The expression of nestin takes place at an early stage of neural differentiation, but no expression of the nestin gene can be revealed in normal, mature adult tissues. Nestin plays an important role in the development of the central nervous system and contributes to the organization and maintenance of cell shape. Nestin was found to be a marker of microvessel density, which in turn has proven to be a reliable prognostic factor for neoplastic malignancies in patients. Nestin expression correlates with an increased aggressiveness of tumor cells. The role of nestin in cancers of the colon and rectum, liver, central nervous system, lung cancer, breast cancer, melanoma, and other cancers has been reviewed in the literature. Associations between nestin expression and prognosis or drug-resistance may help in disease management. More research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms of nestin expression and its role in possible targeted therapy.

THE PREVALENCE OF HEPATITIS B REACTIVATION (HBV) IN CANCER PATIENTS TREATING WITH CHEMOTHERAPY

2016 ◽  
pp. 74-80
Author(s):  
Phuong Phung ◽  
Thi Thuy Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Hbv Reactivation ◽  
Endemic Region ◽  
Hepatitis B Reactivation ◽  
Cancer Breast

ackground and Objectives: Nowadays, the incidence of cancer is constantly increasing in the world as well as in Vietnam. The treatment of cancer is based on multimodality principle. Among those principal modalities, chemotherapy is widely used for different purposes such as neoadjuvant, andjuvant and palliation. However, chemotherapy can induce activation of latent infections, including hepatitis B. Vietnam is in the endemic region of hepatitis B so the reactivation of hepatitis B on cancer patients with chemotherapy has emerged a concerned problem. However, few interests were gained on this problem in the aspect of clinical setting or researching. Aims: to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B reactivation (HBV) in cancer patients treating with chemotherapy and to detect some risks factors of this situation. Subjects and methods: descriptive prospective. The study included 33 cancer patients with inactive HBV infection who are treating with chemotherapy. We define HBV reactivation by ALT > 3 ULN and HBV DNA copies > 10 positive control limit. Results: We found 6 patients with reactivated HBV, accounting for 18.18 %. Among reactivated HBV patients, age less than 60 accounts 83,33%. Rate of reactivated HBV in males was 25,00% while this rate in females was 14,28%. Rate of reactivated HBV in lymphoma, lung cancer and breast cancer was 33,33%, 25% và 22,22% respectively. Clinial manifestation of reactivated HBV includes jaundice (33,33%), fulminant hepatic failure (6%) and death (5%). The reactivated rate was higher in patients got high dose of corticoid (28,57%) vs low dose (15,38%). This rate was 29,41% in patients treated with anthracyclines which was higher than in group without anthracyclines. The reactivated rate of HBV was dramatically higher in patients treated with rituximab (75%). Conclusion: the reactivation of hepatitis B on cancer patients with chemotherapy is common. We found 6 patients with reactivated HBV of 33 subjects of the study which accounts 18.18 %. We recognized that reactivated HBV rate was higher subgroups of age < 60 years old, males, patients with lymphoma, lung cancer, breast cancer. Reactivated HBV may be more prevalent in patients with high-dose corticotherapy, anthracyclines and Rituximab. Key words: HBV reactivation, chemotherapy, cancer, hepatitis B

scholarly journals Sex-dependent dynamics of metabolism in primary mouse hepatocytes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luise Hochmuth ◽  
Christiane Körner ◽  
Fritzi Ott ◽  
Daniela Volke ◽  
Kaja Blagotinšek Cokan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Primary Hepatocytes ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Primary Mouse

AbstractThe liver is one of the most sexually dimorphic organs. The hepatic metabolic pathways that are subject to sexual dimorphism include xenobiotic, amino acid and lipid metabolism. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma are among diseases with sex-dependent prevalence, progression and outcome. Although male and female livers differ in their abilities to metabolize foreign compounds, including drugs, sex-dependent treatment and pharmacological dynamics are rarely applied in all relevant cases. Therefore, it is important to consider hepatic sexual dimorphism when developing new treatment strategies and to understand the underlying mechanisms in model systems. We isolated primary hepatocytes from male and female C57BL6/N mice and examined the sex-dependent transcriptome, proteome and extracellular metabolome parameters in the course of culturing them for 96 h. The sex-specific gene expression of the general xenobiotic pathway altered and the female-specific expression of Cyp2b13 and Cyp2b9 was significantly reduced during culture. Sex-dependent differences of several signaling pathways increased, including genes related to serotonin and melatonin degradation. Furthermore, the ratios of male and female gene expression were inversed for other pathways, such as amino acid degradation, beta-oxidation, androgen signaling and hepatic steatosis. Because the primary hepatocytes were cultivated without the influence of known regulators of sexual dimorphism, these results suggest currently unknown modulatory mechanisms of sexual dimorphism in vitro. The large sex-dependent differences in the regulation and dynamics of drug metabolism observed during cultivation can have an immense influence on the evaluation of pharmacodynamic processes when conducting initial preclinical trials to investigate potential new drugs.

Su1633 HUMAN ACTIVITY PROFILE IN THE CONTEXT OF NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) AND TYPE II DIABETES MELLITUS (DM)

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (6) ◽  
pp. S-1365-S-1366
Author(s):  
James M. Estep ◽  
Jillian Kallman Price ◽  
Leyla de Avila ◽  
Carey Escheik ◽  
Aybike Birerdinc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Activity Profile ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) during porcine embryo development

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le Ann Blomberg ◽  
Kurt A. Zuelke
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Functional Genomics ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Transgenic Animals ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Research Strategies

Functional genomics provides a powerful means for delving into the molecular mechanisms involved in pre-implantation development of porcine embryos. High rates of embryonic mortality (30%), following either natural mating or artificial insemination, emphasise the need to improve the efficiency of reproduction in the pig. The poor success rate of live offspring from in vitro-manipulated pig embryos also hampers efforts to generate transgenic animals for biotechnology applications. Previous analysis of differential gene expression has demonstrated stage-specific gene expression for in vivo-derived embryos and altered gene expression for in vitro-derived embryos. However, the methods used to date examine relatively few genes simultaneously and, thus, provide an incomplete glimpse of the physiological role of these genes during embryogenesis. The present review will focus on two aspects of applying functional genomics research strategies for analysing the expression of genes during elongation of pig embryos between gestational day (D) 11 and D12. First, we compare and contrast current methodologies that are being used for gene discovery and expression analysis during pig embryo development. Second, we establish a paradigm for applying serial analysis of gene expression as a functional genomics tool to obtain preliminary information essential for discovering the physiological mechanisms by which distinct embryonic phenotypes are derived.

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