The Moses Effect: The Spatial Hierarchy and Joint Accomplishment of a Blind Person Navigating

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Due ◽  
Simon Bierring Lange
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Blind Person ◽  
Spatial Turn ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Spatial Hierarchy

Using ethnomethodology and conversation-analytical methodologies, this article shows how a blind person accomplishes going from A to B. Based on an analysis of a blind person’s walk from a zebra crossing to a train platform, the article offers empirical evidence of how pedestrians and the blind avoid collision in orderly and accountable ways. The article shows how the burden of the interactional work involved in avoidance seems consistently to rest on pedestrians rather than the blind. As the blind person walks, sighted pedestrians move aside. To describe this, we use the metaphor of Moses, who separated the waters. The article discusses the collaborative achievement, moral orders, and joint accomplishment of a blind person navigating in urban environments. It thereby contributes to the growing body of research within Ethnomethodology and Conversation Analysis studies focused on the spatial turn and public encounters by invoking a notion of hierarchy among pedestrians.

When and How Students Take the Reins: Specifying Learner Initiatives in Tutoring Sessions with Preschool-Aged Children

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-48
Author(s):  
Catherine DiFelice Box
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Learning Opportunities ◽  
Discursive Practices ◽  
Experienced Teacher ◽  
Educational Settings ◽  
Student Centered ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Scant Attention ◽  
Mathematics Tutoring ◽  
Preschool Aged Children

AbstractFor decades, scholars across disciplines have lauded educational settings in which students have the interactional space to take initiative (e.g. Dyson 1987; Manke 1997; Renne 1996; Shah et al. 2002). As such, initiatives of this kind are considered an important part of student-centered activities, which in turn lead to greater learning opportunities (Waring 2011). While much research has been devoted to examining contexts in which learner’s voices may be heard, scant attention has been paid to the particular kinds of talk that encourage them to initiate contribution or the ways in which such initiatives, when they do occur, serve to shape the pedagogical trajectory. By utilizing conversation analysis (CA) to study interactions in one-on-one mathematics tutoring sessions between an experienced teacher and preschool-aged children, this study extends the small but growing body of microanalytic work on learner initiatives. It aims to further specify the discursive practices that foster rich environments for learner-led contributions. It also considers how the contributions shape the ensuing lesson, and what such contributions relay to teachers about the learner’s understanding of a concept.

Walking through the city soundscape: an audio-visual analysis of sensory experience for people with psychosis

2022 ◽  
pp. 147035722110526
Author(s):  
Sara Merlino ◽  
Lorenza Mondada ◽  
Ola Söderström
Keyword(s):  
Social Interaction ◽  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Sensory Experience ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Noisy Environments ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
The City ◽  
The Way

This article discusses how an aspect of urban environments – sound and noise – is experienced by people walking in the city; it particularly focuses on atypical populations such as people diagnosed with psychosis, who are reported to be particularly sensitive to noisy environments. Through an analysis of video-recordings of naturalistic activities in an urban context and of video-elicitations based on these recordings, the study details the way participants orient to sound and noise in naturalistic settings, and how sound and noise are reported and reexperienced during interviews. By bringing together urban context, psychosis and social interaction, this study shows that, thanks to video recordings and conversation analysis, it is possible to analyse in detail the multimodal organization of action (talk, gesture, gaze, walking bodies) and of the sensory experience(s) of aural factors, as well as the way this organization is affected by the ecology of the situation.

Embodied orientations towards co-participants in multinational meetings

2012 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vassiliki Markaki ◽  
Lorenza Mondada
Keyword(s):  
Conversation Analysis ◽  
Multinational Company ◽  
Business Meetings ◽  
Or Groups ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
The Way

The interactional organization of meetings is an important locus of observation for understanding the way in which institutions are talked into being. This article contributes to this growing body of research by focusing on turn-taking and participation in business meetings, approached within conversation analysis in a sequential and multimodal way. On the basis of a corpus of video-recorded corporate meetings of a multinational company, in which managers coming from several European branches convene, the article takes into consideration the embodied orientations of the participants as they address each other, as they turn to particular addressees or groups in a recipient designed way while describing, informing, announcing events and results, and as they make relevant specific participants’ identities – especially national categories – and, in this way, display specific local expectations regarding rights and obligations to talk and to know.

Structural Family Therapy

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 133-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arlene Vetere
Keyword(s):  
Family Therapy ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Social Constructionist ◽  
Structural Family Therapy ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Natural Systems ◽  
Structural Family ◽  
Articulated Model ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
The 1960S

Structural Family Therapy was developed by Salvador Minuchin and colleagues during the 1960s as part of the growing interest in systemic ways of conceptualising human distress and relationship dilemmas, and in working therapeutically with those natural systems and relationships, thought to give rise to distress. Structural family therapy is underpinned by a clearly articulated model of family functioning, and has been developed and used most consistently in services for children and families. A growing body of empirical evidence attests to the efficacy of structural family therapy. As an approach it was extensively critiqued during the 1980s by feminist writers and during the 1990s by those interested in the implications of a social constructionist position. Structural family therapy continues to evolve in response to challenges mounted from within and outwith the systemic field, and as part of integrative practice and multi-systemic approaches, with practitioners ever mindful of the need for regular feedback from family members themselves.

scholarly journals Motivated Bayesians: Feeling Moral While Acting Egoistically

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Gino ◽  
Michael I. Norton ◽  
Roberto A. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Utility Function ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Ample Evidence ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
A Value ◽  
Psychology And Economics ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Natural Way

Research yields ample evidence that individual's behavior often reflects an apparent concern for moral considerations. A natural way to interpret evidence of such motives using an economic framework is to add an argument to the utility function such that agents obtain utility both from outcomes that yield only personal benefits and from acting kindly, honestly, or according to some other notion of “right.” Indeed, such interpretations can account for much of the existing empirical evidence. However, a growing body of research at the intersection of psychology and economics produces findings inconsistent with such straightforward, preference-based interpretations for moral behavior. In particular, while people are often willing to take a moral act that imposes personal material costs when confronted with a clear-cut choice between “right” and “wrong,” such decisions often seem to be dramatically influenced by the specific contexts in which they occur. In particular, when the context provides sufficient flexibility to allow plausible justification that one can both act egoistically while remaining moral, people seize on such opportunities to prioritize self-interest at the expense of morality. In other words, people who appear to exhibit a preference for being moral may in fact be placing a value on feeling moral, often accomplishing this goal by manipulating the manner in which they process information to justify taking egoistic actions while maintaining this feeling of morality.

scholarly journals Sleeping in a Brave New World: Opportunities for Improving Learning and Clinical Outcomes Through Targeted Memory Reactivation

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 532-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken A. Paller
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
New World ◽  
Memory Storage ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Memory Reactivation ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Brave New World ◽  
Neurophysiological Basis

Neuroscientific insights into learning and memory have mostly concerned input and output, but intervening processing during the time between acquisition and retrieval is also critical. Indeed, intervening memory reactivation may regulate memory longevity, and a growing body of evidence implicates sleep in changing memory storage. For example, subtle auditory stimulation can be used experimentally to selectively encourage memory reactivation during sleep, which thereby improves learning. Much remains to be elucidated about how learning depends on sleep. Nevertheless, this methodology for modifying memory storage during sleep offers new opportunities for reinforcing learning to enhance clinical outcomes in conjunction with therapies engaged during waking. A variety of such possibilities must now be carefully investigated. Likewise, brain rhythms can be entrained to enhance sleep functions, facilitating further progress in understanding the neurophysiological basis of memory processing during sleep. Ultimately, empirical evidence may reveal the extent to which the way we behave when awake is a function of what our brains do when we are asleep. Through such research efforts, an advanced understanding of memory and sleep may allow us to both make better use of our time asleep and take steps toward better health.

Innovation and Technological Change: An Austrian-British Comparison

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Alderman ◽  
M M Fischer
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Technological Change ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Logit Models ◽  
Regional Patterns ◽  
Innovative Performance ◽  
New Process ◽  
Growing Body

Despite a growing body of empirical evidence that demonstrates the nature of spatial variations in innovation and the adoption of new technologies, few studies have been conducted in such a way as to enable direct comparisons between different countries, either to establish international differences in innovative performance or to identify differences in regional patterns in different national contexts, particularly between EC and non-EC countries within Europe. In this paper the results of recent surveys of comparable industries in Great Britain and Austria are used to begin to address this issue, with particular attention to some of the inherent difficulties in undertaking such comparisons. By using a mixture of simple cross-tabulations and multivariate logit models, differences between the two countries in the adoption of a number of new process technologies based upon microelectronics in the spheres of manufacturing production, design, and coordination are identified. It is suggested that, not only does Austria lag Great Britain in the introduction of new technology, but that variations between similar types of region are more pronounced and entrenched in Austria at the present time.

Embracing risk in the Canadian woodlands: Four children’s risky play and risk-taking experiences in a Canadian Forest Kindergarten

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 374-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather A Coe
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Natural World ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Canadian Context ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Canadian Perspective ◽  
Risky Play ◽  
Physical Challenges

Children are born with an intrinsic drive and natural curiosity to explore the world around them. Just as young children are attracted to the natural world, they too are enticed by the physical challenges and risk-taking experiences that such environments provide. Based on research conducted at one of Canada’s first Forest Kindergartens and using Sandseter’s conceptualization of risk, this article aims to explore the safe risk-taking and risky play experiences of four children at a nature-based early years programme in rural Ontario. Not only does this research add to the growing body of empirical evidence surrounding risk and nature-based learning in the early years but also provides a unique Canadian perspective not often discussed in the literature. An incidental outcome of this work is exposing researchers and practitioners to the types of safe risk-taking and risky play experiences that may occur within an early years Canadian context.

The Failure of Pacifism and the Success of Nonviolence

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dustin Ells Howes
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
Political Theory ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Physical Violence ◽  
Personal Life ◽  
Empirical Social Science ◽  
The World ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Widespread Acceptance ◽  
Close Relationship

Although pacifism and nonviolence bear a close relationship to one another historically, pacifism is the ideological assertion that war and violence should be rejected in political and personal life, whereas nonviolence refers to a distinct set of political practices. Unlike other modern ideologies such as liberalism and socialism, pacifism has never gained widespread acceptance among a significant portion of humanity and seems to remain a minority position among most of the peoples of the world. Even among those who use nonviolent techniques, the conventional wisdom that physical violence is necessary under certain circumstances often prevails. However, a growing body of empirical evidence shows that the methods of nonviolence are more likely to succeed than methods of violence across a wide variety of circumstances and that more people are using nonviolence around the world. At the same time, both the effectiveness of military and material superiority in achieving political ends and the incidence of warfare and violence appear to be waning. In a remarkable example of convergence between empirical social science and political theory, explanations for the effectiveness of nonviolence relative to violence point to a people-centered understanding of power. This research can provide a basis for a reinvigorated and pragmatic brand of pacifism that refocuses the attention of political scientists on the organization, actions, and loyalties of people as opposed to technologies of domination and destruction.

scholarly journals Editorial Preface

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurdin Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
The Body ◽  
Islamic Education ◽  
Free Access ◽  
Theoretical Knowledge ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Postgraduate Studies ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Contemporary Education

We gratefully thank to all authors who have contributed to the first issue of International Journal of Contemporary Islamic Education (IJCIED). In this first issue (Vol. 1 issues 1) of IJCIED offers six articles covering topics of Islamic contemporary education. Various issues relating to Islamic contemporary education are presented interestingly to contribute to the body of knowledge and practices. Academia and practitioners in Islamic education studies may gain insight from reading these articles. IJCIED is dedicated by Postgraduate studies of Institut Agama Islam Negeri Palu for all academia across the globe. In next issue, we expect writers and researchers over the entire world within Islamic education studies area can contribute to IJCIED. The journal is a free access journal and we do not charge any publication fees. We expect this journal can contribute to the development of practical and theoretical knowledge within Islamic education studies. Finally, I hope the articles presented in this issue add further empirical evidence to the growing body of research that examines various fields from Islam education perspectives.  The articles could trigger other research to study education with Islam perspectives in broader contexts across the globe.    Nurdin Nurdin Editor-in-Chief IJCIED: International Journal of Islamic Contemporary Education

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