scholarly journals Age Related Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score: Disability ranked by age

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 1938-1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Manouchehrinia ◽  
Helga Westerlind ◽  
Elaine Kingwell ◽  
Feng Zhu ◽  
Robert Carruthers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Study Population

Background: The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) is obtained by normalising the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score for disease duration and has been a valuable tool in cross-sectional studies. Objective: To assess whether use of age rather than the inherently ambiguous disease duration was a feasible approach. Method: We pooled disability data from three population-based cohorts and developed an Age Related Multiple Sclerosis Severity (ARMSS) score by ranking EDSS scores based on the patient’s age at the time of assessment. We established the power to detect a difference between groups afforded by the ARMSS score and assessed its relative consistency over time. Results: The study population included 26058 patients from Sweden ( n = 11846), Canada ( n = 6179) and the United Kingdom ( n = 8033). There was a moderate correlation between EDSS and disease duration ( r = 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45–0.47) and between EDSS and age ( r = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.43–0.45). The ARMSS scores showed comparable power to detect disability differences between groups to the updated and original MSSS. Conclusion: Since age is typically unbiased and readily obtained, and the ARMSS and MSSS were comparable, the ARMSS may provide a more versatile tool and could minimise study biases and loss of statistical power caused by inaccurate or missing onset dates.

Prevalence of Age-Related Lens Opacities in a Population

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Alan D. Penman ◽  
Kimberly W. Crowder ◽  
William M. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Beaver Dam ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Lens Opacities

The Beaver Dam Eye Study was a population-based cross-sectional survey designed to estimate the prevalence and severity of lens opacities in a rural community in the United States. Prior to this survey there were no reliable estimates of the prevalence and severity of lens opacities. The survey found that lens opacities were common in adults, and the numbers were increasing as the population aged. Overall, 17.3% of the study population had nuclear sclerosis more severe than level 3 in a 5-step scale of severity; cortical opacities were found in 16.3%; and posterior subcapsular opacities occurred in 6.0% of the population. The study emphasized the importance of such data for providing for social and healthcare needs and planning for future services.

scholarly journals Modeling Hearing Loss Progression and Asymmetry in the Older Old: A National Population-Based Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
Rahul Sharma ◽  
Anil Lalwani ◽  
Justin Golub
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Database ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Pure Tone Average ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Public Datasets

Abstract The progression and asymmetry of age-related hearing loss has not been well characterized in those 80 years of age and older because public datasets mask upper extremes of age to protect anonymity. We aimed to model the progression and asymmetry of hearing loss in the older old using a representative, national database. This was a cross-sectional, multicentered US epidemiologic analysis using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) 2005-2006, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012 cycles. Subjects included non-institutionalized, civilian adults 80 years and older (n=621). Federal security clearance was granted to access publicly-restricted age data. Outcome measures included pure-tone average air conduction thresholds and the 4-frequency pure tone average (PTA). 621 subjects were 80 years old or older (mean=84.2 years, range=80-104 years), representing 10,600,197 Americans. Hearing loss exhibited constant acceleration across the adult lifespan at a rate of 0.0052 dB/year2 (95% CI = 0.0049, 0.0055). Compounded over a lifetime, the velocity of hearing loss would increase five-fold, from 0.2 dB loss/year at age 20 to 1 dB loss/year at age 100. This model predicted mean PTA within 2 dB of accuracy for most ages between 20 and 100 years. There was no change in the asymmetry of hearing loss with increasing age over 80 years (linear regression coefficient of asymmetry over age=0.07 (95% CI=-0.01, 0.24). In conclusion, hearing loss steadily and predictably accelerates across the adult lifespan to at least age 100, becoming near-universal. These population-level statistics will guide treatment and policy recommendations for hearing health in the older old.

scholarly journals PREVALENCE OF HYPERTENSION IN ADULT POPULATION OF HAYATABAD PESHAWAR

1969 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 644-647
Author(s):  
SARA GUL ◽  
ATIF HUSSAIN ◽  
KASHIF UR REHMAN KHALIL ◽  
IMRANULLAH ◽  
MUHAMMAD ISHTIAQ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Disease ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
History Of ◽  
Study Population

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is one of the common non communicable disease and is reported to beprevalent in 20% to 50% of the adult population, hypertension is one of the major contributor ofmortality and morbidity in developing and developed countries. The cross-sectional descriptive studywas formulated to find the prevalence and to assess different etiological factors of hypertension.MATERIAL & METHODS: This cross-sectional study among 400 adults of age 25-75 years wasconducted in months of June to December 2014 in Phase 5, Hayatabad Peshawar. A detailed structuredproforma having important questions was used to collect important data regarding various variables.RESULTS: Our study results showed that 22.75% of the study people were hypertensive i.e. 10.25% ofmales and 12.5% of females; and the prevalence of hypertension showed positive association withadvancing age. Out of all respondents; 60.25% were males while 39.75% were females; 28.5% weresmokers; 5.25% consume predominantly meat; 32.5% were obese & overweight; 36.75% checked theirB.P regularly; and 19.75% had positive history of hypertension in family.CONCLUSION: We conclude that hypertension prevalence was high among our study population andwas associated with various modifiable and non modifiable risk factors thus population based preventivestrategies are needed to control and prevent hypertension.KEY WORDS: Hypertension, Age, Diet, Smokers, Hayatabad, Peshawar.

scholarly journals Fatty acid binding protein-4 is associated with disability in multiple sclerosis patients

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 344-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riley Bove ◽  
Brain C Healy ◽  
Alexander Musallam ◽  
Pejvak Soltany ◽  
Camilo Diaz-Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Longitudinal Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Acid Binding Protein ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis Patients

Background: Increased adiposity is a risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS) and is associated with increased disability scores. Adipokines may mediate the effects of adiposity on MS disease course. Objective: The objective of this study is to examine the association between the adipokines (leptin and fatty acid binding protein-4, FABP4) and clinical course in individuals with MS. Methods: Subjects (18–65 years) with relapsing-remitting MS or clinically isolated syndrome and <10 year disease duration were selected from a longitudinal clinical study. Cross-sectional and longitudinal models assessed the relationship between two adipokines (leptin and FABP4) and disease severity in women and men, adjusting for age, disease duration and disease type, Vitamin D level, testosterone level, and as well by body mass index (BMI). Results: Mean age of subjects ( N = 163, 56% women) was 39.3 years. Higher FABP4 levels were associated with higher Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scores in women in both univariate and multivariate analyses (odds ratio: 1.30; p = 0.005). In men, higher FABP4 level was significantly associated with change in EDSS over time (estimate: 0.0062; p = 0.035). We found no association of FABP4 levels with time to next relapse or a measure of processing speed. Conclusion: FABP4 levels may be associated with increased disability in both men and women with MS independent of effects of BMI and other hormones. Future studies should expand these analyses and further explore downstream mechanisms of adiposity-related effects in MS.

scholarly journals Voice break in boys—temporal relations with other pubertal milestones and likely causal effects of BMI

2019 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1514-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
A S Busch ◽  
B Hollis ◽  
F R Day ◽  
K Sørensen ◽  
L Aksglaede ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Causal Relationship ◽  
Limit Of Detection ◽  
Research Training ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Male Reproduction ◽  
Causal Effects ◽  
Reproductive Hormone ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Testosterone Levels ◽  
Study Population

Abstract STUDY QUESTION How is timing of voice break related to other male pubertal milestones as well as to BMI? SUMMARY ANSWER We provide a comprehensive temporal analysis of male pubertal milestones, including reproductive hormone dynamics, confirm voice break as a late milestone of male puberty and report a likely causal relationship between higher BMI and earlier age at voice break in men. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Voice break represents a late pubertal milestone and recalled age at voice break is frequently used in epidemiological studies as a measure of puberty. In contrast, clinical studies use mainly testicular enlargement and/or genital tanner stage as the marker of pubertal onset. However, neither correlation of pubertal milestones nor reproductive hormone dynamics have been assessed in detail previously. Further, although BMI and puberty timing are known to be closely linked, cause and effect between these traits are not known. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The study included a population-based mixed cross-sectional and longitudinal cohort (2006–2014, COPENHAGEN Puberty Study) of 730 healthy Danish boys. Data for 55 871 male research participants from the 23andMe study were obtained, including genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism data and age at voice break. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS We performed a detailed evaluation of pubertal milestones and reproductive hormone levels (study population 1). A Mendelian randomization (MR) approach was used to determine the likely causal link between BMI and timing of voice break (study population 2). MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Voice break occurred at mean age 13.6 (95% CI: 13.5–13.8) years. At voice break, mean (95% CI) testosterone levels, LH levels and bi-testicular volume were 10.9 (10.0–11.7) nmol/L, 2.4 (2.2–2.5) IU/L and 24 (23–25) mL, respectively. Voice break correlated moderately strongly with timing of male pubertal milestones, including testicular enlargement, gonadarche, pubarche, sweat odor, axillary hair growth and testosterone above limit of detection (r2 range: 0.43–0.61). Timing of all milestones was negatively associated with age-specific BMI (all P ≤ 0.001). MR analyses inferred likely causal effects of higher BMI on earlier voice break in males (−0.35 years/approximate SD, P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Participation rate of the population-based cohort was 25%. Further, boys that were followed longitudinally were examined approximately every 6 months limiting the time resolution of pubertal milestones. Using adult BMI as exposure instead of prepubertal BMI in the MR analysis and the known inaccuracies of the testosterone immunoassay at low testosterone levels may be further limitations. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS We provide valuable normative data on the temporal relation of male pubertal milestones. Further, the likely causal relationship between BMI and puberty timing highlights the importance of preventing obesity in childhood. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by Danish Agency for Science, Technology and Innovation (09-067 180); Danish Ministry of the Environment, CeHoS (MST-621-00 065); Capital Region of Denmark (R129-A3966); Ministry of Higher Education and Science (DFF-1331-00 113); Innovation Fund Denmark (InnovationsFonden, 14-2013-4); The International Center for Research and Research Training in Endocrine Disrupting Effects of Male Reproduction and Child Health. B.H., F.R.D., J.R.B.P. and K.K.O. are supported by the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_12015/2). The 23andMe study is supported by the National Human Genome Research Institute of the National Institutes of Health (R44HG006981). Members of the 23andMe Research Team are employees of 23andMe, Inc. and hold stock or stock options in 23andMe. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT01411527

scholarly journals The AgED Study. Age-related eye disease (AgED) in South Australian general practice: are we blind to early detection and intervention?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Guymer ◽  
Robert Casson ◽  
Cate Howell ◽  
Nigel Stocks
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Australian General Practice ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
General Practices

The AgED Study aimed to evaluate the detection, awareness and management of age-related eye disease (AgED) in South Australian general practice. Three South Australian metropolitan general practices were recruited and all patients aged 75 years and older were invited to participate. A cross-sectional postal questionnaire and retrospective audit of consenting patients’ medical records was performed. On average, patients had their last eye check 9 months ago; the majority (64.9%) performed by an optometrist. Only 7.6% had visited their GP for their last eye check, mostly (90.5%) for a mandatory ‘Fitness to Drive’ medical assessment. There were marked differences in GP recording v. self-reported AgED and a marked discrepancy in the prevalence rates of AgED, visual impairment and blindness in this study compared with Australian population-based prevalence surveys. Despite the lack of GP documentation of eye disease, the majority of patients engaged in timely eye checks with either an optometrist or ophthalmologist, and their overall visual function and vision-related quality of life (QoL) were satisfactory.

scholarly journals The Association between Socioeconomic Factors and Visual Function among Patients with Age-Related Cataracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yu Wan ◽  
Yinhao Wang ◽  
Liming Zhao ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Min Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Status ◽  
Per Capita

Background. With the development of the economy, socioeconomic factors, such as inequalities in the status of regional economies and the subsequent effects on health systems, have influenced the status of health. We explored the association between age-related cataracts and socioeconomic indicators, including the regional economy, health systems, and energy industries. Methods. This was a prospective, multicenter, Chinese population-based, cross-sectional study. A total of 830 participants from seven centers were enrolled. Data on the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) score, Visual Function Index-14 (VF-14) score, total and subscale scores of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25), per capita disposable income (PCDI), medical resource-related indicators, and investments in the energy industry were obtained. Associations among these parameters were analyzed. Results. The PCDI ranking was correlated with the VF-14 score (R = −0.426, P < 0.01 ), total score of NEI-VFQ-25 (r = −0.500, P < 0.01 ), and BCVA (r = 0.278, P < 0.01 ). The number of health agencies (r1 = 0.267, r2 = −0.303, r3 = −0.291,), practicing or assistant practicing doctors (r1 = -0.283, r2 = 0.427, r3 = 0.502,), registered nurses (r1 = −0.289, r2 = 0.409, r3 = 0.469, P < 0.01 ), and health technicians (r1 = −0.278, r2 = 0.426, r3 = 0.500, P < 0.01 ) per 10,000 of the population was each correlated with the BCVA, VF-14 score, and total score of NEI-VFQ-25, respectively. Health expenditure per capita was correlated with the VF-14 score (r = 0.287, P < 0.01 ) and total score of NEI-VFQ-25 (r = 0.459, P < 0.01 ). The LOCS III P score was correlated with investments in the energy industry (r = 0.485, P < 0.001 ). Conclusions. Patients in higher economic regions with greater medical resources show a greater demand to undergo cataract surgery at a better subjective and objective visual function. The energy industry has a significant effect on cataracts, especially the posterior subcapsular cataract, and thus more attention should be paid to people in regions with abundant energy industries.

Birth outcomes of pregnancies fathered by men with multiple sclerosis

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1260-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Lu ◽  
F Zhu ◽  
Y Zhao ◽  
M van der Kop ◽  
AD Sadovnick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Birth Outcomes ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Administrative Databases ◽  
Expanded Disability Status Scale ◽  
Clinical Factors ◽  
Multivariate Models ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
General Population Cohort

We linked several population-based clinical and health administrative databases in British Columbia, Canada. We identified and compared birth outcomes of pregnancies fathered by men with multiple sclerosis (MS) ( n=202) and men from a frequency-matched general population cohort ( n=981) between 1996 and 2010. Using multivariate models, we analyzed the association of paternal MS, disease duration at conception and disability (as measured by the Expanded Disability Status Scale) with birth weight and gestational age. Paternal MS and MS-related clinical factors were not significantly associated with birth outcomes ( p>0.05). This study provides assurance to expecting fathers with MS and their families.

scholarly journals Contributing Determinants to Hearing Loss in Elderly Men and Women: Results from the Population-Based Rotterdam Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Rigters ◽  
Mick Metselaar ◽  
Marjan H. Wieringa ◽  
Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rotterdam Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

To contribute to a better understanding of the etiology in age-related hearing loss, we carried out a cross-sectional study of 3,315 participants (aged 52-99 years) in the Rotterdam Study, to analyze both low- and high-frequency hearing loss in men and women. Hearing thresholds with pure-tone audiometry were obtained, and other detailed information on a large number of possible determinants was collected. Hearing loss was associated with age, education, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption (inverse correlation). Remarkably, different associations were found for low- and high-frequency loss, as well as between men and women, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the etiology of age-related hearing loss.

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