scholarly journals The Association between Socioeconomic Factors and Visual Function among Patients with Age-Related Cataracts

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yu Wan ◽  
Yinhao Wang ◽  
Liming Zhao ◽  
Zhenyu Wang ◽  
Min Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Visual Function ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Energy Industry ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
The Status ◽  
Per Capita

Background. With the development of the economy, socioeconomic factors, such as inequalities in the status of regional economies and the subsequent effects on health systems, have influenced the status of health. We explored the association between age-related cataracts and socioeconomic indicators, including the regional economy, health systems, and energy industries. Methods. This was a prospective, multicenter, Chinese population-based, cross-sectional study. A total of 830 participants from seven centers were enrolled. Data on the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), Lens Opacities Classification System III (LOCS III) score, Visual Function Index-14 (VF-14) score, total and subscale scores of the 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Functioning Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ-25), per capita disposable income (PCDI), medical resource-related indicators, and investments in the energy industry were obtained. Associations among these parameters were analyzed. Results. The PCDI ranking was correlated with the VF-14 score (R = −0.426, P < 0.01 ), total score of NEI-VFQ-25 (r = −0.500, P < 0.01 ), and BCVA (r = 0.278, P < 0.01 ). The number of health agencies (r1 = 0.267, r2 = −0.303, r3 = −0.291,), practicing or assistant practicing doctors (r1 = -0.283, r2 = 0.427, r3 = 0.502,), registered nurses (r1 = −0.289, r2 = 0.409, r3 = 0.469, P < 0.01 ), and health technicians (r1 = −0.278, r2 = 0.426, r3 = 0.500, P < 0.01 ) per 10,000 of the population was each correlated with the BCVA, VF-14 score, and total score of NEI-VFQ-25, respectively. Health expenditure per capita was correlated with the VF-14 score (r = 0.287, P < 0.01 ) and total score of NEI-VFQ-25 (r = 0.459, P < 0.01 ). The LOCS III P score was correlated with investments in the energy industry (r = 0.485, P < 0.001 ). Conclusions. Patients in higher economic regions with greater medical resources show a greater demand to undergo cataract surgery at a better subjective and objective visual function. The energy industry has a significant effect on cataracts, especially the posterior subcapsular cataract, and thus more attention should be paid to people in regions with abundant energy industries.

scholarly journals Modeling Hearing Loss Progression and Asymmetry in the Older Old: A National Population-Based Survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 214-215
Author(s):  
Rahul Sharma ◽  
Anil Lalwani ◽  
Justin Golub
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Pure Tone ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Population Based ◽  
National Database ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Lifespan ◽  
Pure Tone Average ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Public Datasets

Abstract The progression and asymmetry of age-related hearing loss has not been well characterized in those 80 years of age and older because public datasets mask upper extremes of age to protect anonymity. We aimed to model the progression and asymmetry of hearing loss in the older old using a representative, national database. This was a cross-sectional, multicentered US epidemiologic analysis using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES) 2005-2006, 2009-2010, and 2011-2012 cycles. Subjects included non-institutionalized, civilian adults 80 years and older (n=621). Federal security clearance was granted to access publicly-restricted age data. Outcome measures included pure-tone average air conduction thresholds and the 4-frequency pure tone average (PTA). 621 subjects were 80 years old or older (mean=84.2 years, range=80-104 years), representing 10,600,197 Americans. Hearing loss exhibited constant acceleration across the adult lifespan at a rate of 0.0052 dB/year2 (95% CI = 0.0049, 0.0055). Compounded over a lifetime, the velocity of hearing loss would increase five-fold, from 0.2 dB loss/year at age 20 to 1 dB loss/year at age 100. This model predicted mean PTA within 2 dB of accuracy for most ages between 20 and 100 years. There was no change in the asymmetry of hearing loss with increasing age over 80 years (linear regression coefficient of asymmetry over age=0.07 (95% CI=-0.01, 0.24). In conclusion, hearing loss steadily and predictably accelerates across the adult lifespan to at least age 100, becoming near-universal. These population-level statistics will guide treatment and policy recommendations for hearing health in the older old.

scholarly journals The AgED Study. Age-related eye disease (AgED) in South Australian general practice: are we blind to early detection and intervention?

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea Guymer ◽  
Robert Casson ◽  
Cate Howell ◽  
Nigel Stocks
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Postal Questionnaire ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Retrospective Audit ◽  
Australian General Practice ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
General Practices

The AgED Study aimed to evaluate the detection, awareness and management of age-related eye disease (AgED) in South Australian general practice. Three South Australian metropolitan general practices were recruited and all patients aged 75 years and older were invited to participate. A cross-sectional postal questionnaire and retrospective audit of consenting patients’ medical records was performed. On average, patients had their last eye check 9 months ago; the majority (64.9%) performed by an optometrist. Only 7.6% had visited their GP for their last eye check, mostly (90.5%) for a mandatory ‘Fitness to Drive’ medical assessment. There were marked differences in GP recording v. self-reported AgED and a marked discrepancy in the prevalence rates of AgED, visual impairment and blindness in this study compared with Australian population-based prevalence surveys. Despite the lack of GP documentation of eye disease, the majority of patients engaged in timely eye checks with either an optometrist or ophthalmologist, and their overall visual function and vision-related quality of life (QoL) were satisfactory.

scholarly journals Contributing Determinants to Hearing Loss in Elderly Men and Women: Results from the Population-Based Rotterdam Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (Suppl. 1) ◽  
pp. 10-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie C. Rigters ◽  
Mick Metselaar ◽  
Marjan H. Wieringa ◽  
Robert J. Baatenburg de Jong ◽  
Albert Hofman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Rotterdam Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Age Related Hearing Loss

To contribute to a better understanding of the etiology in age-related hearing loss, we carried out a cross-sectional study of 3,315 participants (aged 52-99 years) in the Rotterdam Study, to analyze both low- and high-frequency hearing loss in men and women. Hearing thresholds with pure-tone audiometry were obtained, and other detailed information on a large number of possible determinants was collected. Hearing loss was associated with age, education, systolic blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, smoking and alcohol consumption (inverse correlation). Remarkably, different associations were found for low- and high-frequency loss, as well as between men and women, suggesting that different mechanisms are involved in the etiology of age-related hearing loss.

scholarly journals Status of vitamins A and E in schoolchildren in the centre west of Tunisia: a population-based study

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samira Fares ◽  
Mohamed K Chahed ◽  
Moncef Feki ◽  
Chiraz Beji ◽  
Pierre Traissac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
First Grade ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Urban Region ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Past ◽  
Children's Nutrition ◽  
The Status ◽  
Main Determinants

AbstractObjectiveThe present study was undertaken to assess the status of vitamins A and E (VA and VE, respectively) and their main determinants in Tunisian children.DesignCross-sectional population-based study.SettingKasserine Governorate in the centre west of Tunisia.SubjectsA total of 7407 children attending the first grade of elementary school were included. VA and VE were assessed by HPLC.ResultsThe prevalence of moderate VA deficiency (VAD; <0·70 μmol/l) was 2·3 % and VE deficiency (VED; <6·97 μmol/l) was 5·4 %. Low status in VA (0·70–1·05 μmol/l) and VE (6·97–11·61 μmol/l) was observed in 17 % and 20·2 % of children, respectively. No child exhibited severe VA or VE deficiency (<0·35 and <2·32 μmol/l, respectively). The main predictors of VAD were advanced age (OR = 1·65; 95 % CI 1·13, 2·41;P= 0·05) and sickness within the past 2 weeks (OR = 1·51; 95 % CI 1·09, 2·09;P= 0·01). Predictors of VED were living in the peri-urban region (OR = 1·60; 95 % CI 1·28, 2·01;P< 0·001) and sickness within the past 2 weeks (OR = 0·75; 95 % CI 0·60, 0·94;P= 0·01).ConclusionsModerate VAD and VED were uncommon in Tunisian children. However, low status in VA and/or VE remains frequent. A reinforcement of the national strategies for children's nutrition and health is needed, particularly in disadvantaged regions. Supplementation of VA and VE is not necessary in Tunisia, but food fortification may be beneficial.

scholarly journals Age Related Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score: Disability ranked by age

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 1938-1946 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Manouchehrinia ◽  
Helga Westerlind ◽  
Elaine Kingwell ◽  
Feng Zhu ◽  
Robert Carruthers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Severity Score ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Study Population

Background: The Multiple Sclerosis Severity Score (MSSS) is obtained by normalising the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score for disease duration and has been a valuable tool in cross-sectional studies. Objective: To assess whether use of age rather than the inherently ambiguous disease duration was a feasible approach. Method: We pooled disability data from three population-based cohorts and developed an Age Related Multiple Sclerosis Severity (ARMSS) score by ranking EDSS scores based on the patient’s age at the time of assessment. We established the power to detect a difference between groups afforded by the ARMSS score and assessed its relative consistency over time. Results: The study population included 26058 patients from Sweden ( n = 11846), Canada ( n = 6179) and the United Kingdom ( n = 8033). There was a moderate correlation between EDSS and disease duration ( r = 0.46, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45–0.47) and between EDSS and age ( r = 0.44, 95% CI: 0.43–0.45). The ARMSS scores showed comparable power to detect disability differences between groups to the updated and original MSSS. Conclusion: Since age is typically unbiased and readily obtained, and the ARMSS and MSSS were comparable, the ARMSS may provide a more versatile tool and could minimise study biases and loss of statistical power caused by inaccurate or missing onset dates.

scholarly journals Anogenital Distance in Healthy Infants: Method-, Age- and Sex-related Reference Ranges

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. 2996-3004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Bistrup Fischer ◽  
Marie Lindhardt Ljubicic ◽  
Casper P Hagen ◽  
Ajay Thankamony ◽  
Ken Ong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
First Year ◽  
Reference Ranges ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anogenital Distance ◽  
Sex Development ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
First Year Of Life

Abstract Context The use of anogenital distance (AGD) in clinical and epidemiological settings is increasing; however, sex-specific reference data on AGD and data on longitudinal changes in AGD in children is scarce. Objective To create age-, sex-, and method-related reference ranges of AGD in healthy boys and girls aged 0–24 months, to assess the age-related changes in AGD and to evaluate the 2 predominantly used methods of AGD measurement. Design The International AGD consortium comprising 4 centers compiled data from 1 cross-sectional and 3 longitudinal cohort studies (clinicaltrials.gov [NCT02497209]). Setting All data were collected from population-based studies, recruiting from 4 maternity or obstetric centers (United States, Cambridge [United Kingdom], Odense, and Copenhagen [Denmark]). Subjects This study included a total of 3705 healthy, mainly Caucasian children aged 0–24 months on whom 7295 measurements were recorded. Main Outcome Measures AGDAS (ano-scrotal), AGDAF (ano-fourchette), AGDAP (ano-penile), AGDAC (ano-clitoral), AGD body size indices (weight, body mass index [BMI], body surface area, and length), and intra- and interobserver biases. Results We created age-specific reference ranges by centers. We found that AGD increased from birth to 6 months of age and thereafter reached a plateau. Changes in AGD/BMI during the first year of life were minor (0–6% and 0–11% in boys and girls, respectively). Conclusions Reference ranges for AGD can be used in future epidemiological research and may be utilized clinically to evaluate prenatal androgen action in differences-in-sex-development patients. The increase in AGD during the first year of life was age-related, while AGD/BMI was fairly stable. The TIDES and Cambridge methods were equally reproducible.

scholarly journals Self-Reported Oral Health Related Behaviour and Gum Bleeding of Adolescents in Slovakia in Relation to Socioeconomic Status of Their Parents: Cross-Sectional Study Based on Representative Data Collection

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (14) ◽  
pp. 2484
Author(s):  
Silvia Timková ◽  
Peter Kolarčik ◽  
Andrea Madarasová Gecková
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Socioeconomic Variables ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Ratio Range

Background: Oral health strongly affects overall health and is related to many factors. The aim of our study was to analyse oral health related behaviours (OHRBs) and gum bleeding among Slovak adolescents and assess the effect of socioeconomic factors on the outcomes. Methods: Data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (HBSC) were used (N = 8896, age range = 10–16 years, M = 13.4; SD = 1.4; 50.9% boys). Sociodemographic and socioeconomic indicators and frequency of OHRBs (dental hygiene, toothbrush changing, preventive check-up) and gum bleeding were collected. Effects of sociodemographic and socioeconomic variables on outcome variables were analysed by binary logistic regression. Results: We found that prevalence of OHRBs slightly decreases with age, and worse outcomes were reported by boys compared to girls (OHRB odds ratio range 0.45–0.75, (95% C.I. range 0.40–0.91), gum bleeding 1.38 (95% C.I. 1.19–1.61), p < 0.05). OHRBs were in most cases significantly associated with socioeconomic variables, lower affluence predicts worse outcomes (odds ratio range 0.76–0.88 (95% C.I. range 0.68–0.96), p < 0.05). Conclusion: Our study provides representative findings on ORHBs in Slovakia and shows important associations of socioeconomic factors related to adolescents’ oral health issues.

Prevalence of Age-Related Lens Opacities in a Population

2020 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Alan D. Penman ◽  
Kimberly W. Crowder ◽  
William M. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Healthcare Needs ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Beaver Dam ◽  
Level 3 ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Lens Opacities

The Beaver Dam Eye Study was a population-based cross-sectional survey designed to estimate the prevalence and severity of lens opacities in a rural community in the United States. Prior to this survey there were no reliable estimates of the prevalence and severity of lens opacities. The survey found that lens opacities were common in adults, and the numbers were increasing as the population aged. Overall, 17.3% of the study population had nuclear sclerosis more severe than level 3 in a 5-step scale of severity; cortical opacities were found in 16.3%; and posterior subcapsular opacities occurred in 6.0% of the population. The study emphasized the importance of such data for providing for social and healthcare needs and planning for future services.

scholarly journals Area of Residence and Socioeconomic Factors Reduce Access to Biologics for Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients in Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cătălin Codreanu ◽  
Claudiu C. Popescu ◽  
Corina Mogoşan
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Socioeconomic Indicators ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
Rural Dwellers ◽  
To Receive

Introduction. The study aimed to evaluate the influence of socioeconomic factors on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients’ access to biologics in Romania. Method. Cross-sectional data were collected in January 2014 from the Romanian Registry of Rheumatic Diseases (RRRD) comprising all RA patients on biologics from 42 Romanian counties. “Territorial” access to biologics was defined by patients receiving biologics in their home county. A county was “equitable” if <25% of RA patients received biologics outside it. Results. The RRRD included 4507 RA patients aged 56.7±12.1 years, with a disease duration of 12.1±8.3 years. Urban dwellers (67.8%) had a significantly higher prevalence of territorial biologic access than rural dwellers (83.1% compared to 74.1%; p<0.001). Gross domestic product (GDP) in 1000 €/capita/county (odds ratio (OR) = 1.224) and number of physicians/1000 inhabitants/county (OR = 2.198) predict territorial access to biologics and also predict the number of territorially treated RA patients. Inequitable counties exhibited significantly lower socioeconomic indicators than equitable counties. Conclusion. In Romania, RA patients’ access to biologics varies significantly between counties. Urban dwellers and patients living in counties/regions with high living standards are more likely to receive biologics locally than those living in more deprived areas.

Individual-level and area-level socioeconomic inequalities in hearing impairment among Chinese adults: a population-based study

2020 ◽  
pp. jech-2019-213437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Luo ◽  
Jiamin Gao ◽  
Xiaoying Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Impairment ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Pure Tone Audiometry ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Sample Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Income Per Capita ◽  
Per Capita

BackgroundIt is unclear whether individual-level and area-level socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with hearing impairment (HI). This study determines an association of individual SES, area SES and their interaction with HI among working-aged adults.MethodsData were obtained from the large, population-based sample of the Second China National Sample Survey on Disability, a cross-sectional study conducted in China. A total of 1 333 528 participants aged 25–59 years were included. HI was measured by pure-tone audiometry (PTA) and audiologists further ascertained for a final diagnosis. Individual SES was defined as a summed of z-scored of education level and household income per capita, and area SES was calculated as a summed of z-scored of county-level income per capita, high school rate, poverty rate and rate of upper-class occupation. Multilevel logistic regression was used.ResultsIndividual and area SES were associated with HI among Chinese working-aged adults. A 1-SD increase in individual SES was associated with decreased risk of HI (OR=0.3, 95% CI: 0.3 to 0.3). Area SES was positively related to HI (OR=1.2, 95%CI: 1.2 to 1.3). The cross-level interaction on individual and area SES was significantly associated with HI, indicating that among those who lived in higher SES areas, participants with lower SES had a greater likelihood to develop HI.ConclusionsSignificant individual and area socioeconomic inequalities were observed in HI among Chinese working-aged adults. Lower SES adults who resided in prosperous areas may face more deprivation on hearing health than those with higher SES.

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