scholarly journals Professional activists? Party activism among political staffers in parliamentary democracies

2021 ◽  
pp. 135406882110273
Author(s):  
Pieter Moens
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Strong Commitment ◽  
Staff Recruitment

Although the position of the party on the ground has been weakened by cartelization, grassroots activists remain an important recruitment pool for political professionals. Based on unique survey data collected among the staff of 14 Belgian and Dutch parties (N = 1009), this article offers an in-depth analysis of party activism among this under-researched population. Introducing a new supply and demand framework, I argue that staff recruitment is shaped by candidate preferences (supply) and party preferences (demand). The findings demonstrate that most political staffers are high-intensity activists with a strong commitment to their party. Moreover, the theoretical model accurately predicts that non-activists are more common among policy and communication experts, ministerial staff, and those working for ideologically moderate parties. These findings show that paid staffers do not necessarily widen the gap between parties and activists. They also raise normative questions about internal congruence within parties in coalition governments.

scholarly journals Love Thy Neighbor? Relationships between Religion and Racial Intolerance in Europe

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 745-771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Doebler
Keyword(s):  
Multilevel Modeling ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
Religious Conflict ◽  
European Survey ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Life Force ◽  
Neighbor Relationships ◽  
Racial Intolerance

AbstractThis article examines relationships between religion and racial intolerance across 47 countries by applying multilevel modeling to European survey data and is the first in-depth analysis of moderation of these relationships by European national contexts. The analysis distinguishes a believing, belonging, and practice dimension of religiosity. The results yield little evidence of a link between denominational belonging, religious practice, and racial intolerance. The religiosity dimension that matters most for racial intolerance in Europe is believing: believers in a traditional God and believers in a Spirit/Life Force are decidedly less likely, and fundamentalists are more likely than non-believers to be racially intolerant. National contexts also matter greatly: individuals living in Europe's most religious countries, countries with legacies of ethnic-religious conflict and countries with low GDP are significantly more likely to be racially intolerant than those living in wealthier, secular and politically stable countries. This is especially the case for the religiously devout.

Individual unlearning, organizational unlearning and strategic flexibility

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 2-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangyang Wang ◽  
Ying Qi ◽  
Yingxin Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Strategic Flexibility ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
The Relationship

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the relationship between unlearning and strategic flexibility from the down-up change perspective.Design/methodology/approachDrawing on the routine-updating process, this study builds a theoretical model and examines it using survey data from 233 firms in China.FindingsUnlearning is the enabler to strategic flexibility. Specifically, individual unlearning and organizational unlearning both have positive effects on strategic flexibility. Organizational unlearning exerts a partly mediating effect on the relationship between individual unlearning and strategic flexibility.Originality/valueThe paper examines the different mechanisms of individual and organizational unlearning on strategic flexibility and suggests that unlearning is a useful method or approach for strategic flexibility. In addition, this study is useful to help managers or practitioners determine how to embrace strategic flexibility by unlearning.

A qualitative phenomenological exploration of social mood and investors’ risk tolerance in an emerging economy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Humaira Asad ◽  
Iqra Toqeer ◽  
Khalid Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Financial Literacy ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Emerging Economy ◽  
Risk Tolerance ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Depth Analysis

Purpose The authors design a theoretical perspective that explores how different phases of social mood influence financial risk tolerance (FRT) among investors. Risk is involved in almost all financial decision-making. For a better understanding of risk tolerance behavior, the role played by social mood cannot be ignored. This study aims to explore the linkage between social mood and FRT of investors in Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach Using qualitative phenomenology as the guiding framework, 22 interviews were conducted to have a deeper understanding of the lived experiences of investors with at least 10 years of investment experience. Thematic analysis was done to analyze data. Audio-recording, bracketing, triangulation and member checking were done to ensure validity and reliability. Findings A theoretical model is developed using the six themes identified through thematic analysis. This model presents an in-depth analysis of the determinants of social mood, its multiple phases and its impact on risk tolerance behavior. Findings reveal that the level of financial literacy, experience and purpose of investment moderate the effect of social mood on FRT. Practical implications Investors can manage risk and increase their profits by controlling the effects of social mood. They can benefit from the market situation by taking more risk when the market is extremely low. The advisors can frame their advice in the light of the model. Originality/value According to the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study that explores investors’ risk tolerance in response to variations in social mood in the context of an emerging economy. The paper has contributed conceptually and methodologically. It uses phenomenology as the method and develops a theoretical model that describes how different types of investors adjust their risk tolerance in response to changes in their social mood.

The Trendsetter

2020 ◽  
pp. 168-209
Author(s):  
Rachel K. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
The United States ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Web Content ◽  
Secondary Literature ◽  
Original Analysis ◽  
Digital Campaigning

This chapter examines developments in digital campaigning in the United States during the period 1994–2012. It does so by reviewing the findings from the secondary literature, and conducting original analysis of web content and national survey data. These data sources build a picture of key changes in the supply and demand for digital campaigning in the United States and particularly whether they fit the four-phase model of development. The results show that the model fits, and that US parties and voters were considerably faster in engaging with web campaigning than was the case elsewhere. This enthusiasm appeared to be driven, to an extent, by the more conducive regulatory environment and also innovation among left-wing organizations and particularly the Democrats from the middle of the first decade of the 2000s. Their ability to sustain activist involvement in their online cause beyond 2008, however, is challenged by the author’s findings.

“Why Can’t We Be Friends?” The Coalition Potential of Presidents in Semi-presidential Republics—Insights from Romania

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veronica Anghel
Keyword(s):  
Coalition Formation ◽  
Prime Minister ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Parliamentary Democracy ◽  
Government Formation ◽  
Prime Ministers ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Presidential Regimes ◽  
Depth Interviews

Coalition governments are a regularly studied feature of parliamentary democracies. Debates still linger in the field as to what extent the outcomes of these studies are also applicable in determining who has the upper hand over coalition formation in semi-presidential regimes. This article explores the dynamics of government formation under semi-presidential regimes using evidence from Romania (1990–2016) and discusses the formal and informal potential of the president to shape coalitions. It covers a lacuna in qualitative studies by using evidence gathered from in-depth interviews with prime ministers, cabinet members, and key party decision makers and shows that under certain circumstances presidents can play an influential role in government formation, but these are rather the exception than the rule. Using a case that presents the incentives for an increase in the presidentialization of politics, I show that the mechanisms of a multiparty regime mostly limit the president’s exclusive bargaining advantage to nominating the prime minister and then, much as in a parliamentary democracy, render him or her dependent on the coalition potential of his or her own party.

scholarly journals Corruption Perception Indices: A Comparative Analysis

2001 ◽  
Vol 40 (4II) ◽  
pp. 813-830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naved Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Survey Data ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
Large Sample ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Corruption Perception ◽  
Different Sources

The empirical literature on corruption has used data on corruption from three different sources: (i) investigative reports, (ii) newspapers, and (iii) surveys or questionnaire-based data. Some studies on corruption are based on case studies and newspaper reports. Studies by Wedeman (1997); Wade (1982) and Alam (1996) fall in this category. While these studies have presented an in-depth analysis of corruption, they do not examine a large sample of countries. Moreover, the investigative reports require detective work and sometimes connections with people in high echelons in order to expose corruption. Unlike investigative reports, access to survey data on corruption enables researchers to study corruption for a large sample of countries, but at the same time, raises questions about their subjectivity.1 However, the subjectivity of these indices is often justified on the ground that corruption is illegal in nature, and hard to measure directly.

What You See Is Not Always What You Get: Bargaining before an Audience under Multiparty Government

2020 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 1138-1154 ◽  
Author(s):  
LANNY W. MARTIN ◽  
GEORG VANBERG
Keyword(s):  
Original Data ◽  
Portfolio Allocation ◽  
Parliamentary Democracies ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Relative Success ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Party Elites ◽  
Simple Heuristics ◽  
Do So

AbstractParty elites in coalition governments are acutely aware that the deals they strike will be critically evaluated by their supporters, and that they risk losing support if they are perceived as ineffective negotiators. This has a powerful influence on the bargains parties strike. Because most supporters are unaware of the complex aspects of bargains and instead rely on simple heuristics to evaluate their most visible features, parties have incentives to meet supporter expectations primarily on easily observable outcomes. To do so, they make trade-offs on less observable outcomes. This implies that the more visible features of a bargain typically do not accurately reflect the relative success of parties in coalition negotiations. We evaluate our argument using original data on the office rewards and policy risks of portfolio allocation in 16 parliamentary democracies. Our findings support our argument, and they have important implications for the nature of representation under multiparty government.

Assessing the Use of Archaeological Sites as Cultural Tourism Resources

2018 ◽  
pp. 173-190
Author(s):  
Nuria Huete-Alcocer ◽  
María Pilar Martínez-Ruiz ◽  
Víctor Raúl López-Ruiz
Keyword(s):  
Survey Data ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Cultural Tourism ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Tourism Resources

This chapter offers an in-depth analysis of archaeological sites and the value they represent to the field of cultural tourism. Specifically, this chapter discusses the suitable means of studying and managing archaeological sites, which represent tangible examples of cultural tourism. Managed properly, such sites may attract a larger number of visitors and thereby contribute to the region's socioeconomic development. In order to illustrate this line of research, this analysis will focus on one archaeological site in particular, namely the Archaeological Park of Segóbriga in the province of Cuenca, Spain. More specifically, the chapter reviews survey data collected over several years by related public institutions. The findings lend support to several measures that may improve the management of such sites in the context of cultural tourism. The most important of these is the dissemination and promotion of information about the site through WOM and eWOM.

The Economic Development of Urban Planning in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 32-35
Author(s):  
Wu He
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Urban Planning ◽  
Development Economics ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Effective Theory ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Social Investigation ◽  
Related Data ◽  
The Enlightenment

To study the enlightenment of development economics on the economic development of urban planning, firstly, the research background and significance of the enlightenment of development economics on the economic development of urban planning are introduced. Secondly, through the main method of literature review, social investigation method, theoretical model analysis method and so on, combined with relevant theory of economics and related data analysis, it is found that economic theory can effectively explain the problems existing in the urban planning, avoid possible problems in urban planning, and provide effective theory basis for the development of the city. In this study, the theoretical value of the sub-optimal theoretical model, the supply and demand analysis model and the marginal analysis model under the pareto optimal state in the economic development of urban planning is mainly studied. A large number of theories and research results confirm that to do a good job in urban planning must be guided by relevant economic theories, which will make the progress of urban planning more rapid.

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