scholarly journals Agency and life satisfaction in Bedouin children exposed to conditions of chronic stress and military violence: A two-wave longitudinal study in Palestine

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 242-259
Author(s):  
Guido Veronese ◽  
Alessandro Pepe ◽  
Hania Obaid ◽  
Federica Cavazzoni ◽  
Jesus Perez
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Military Violence

Bedouin children in Palestine are at risk of developing trauma-related pathologies as a result of chronic exposure to severe political and military violence. Little is known about their coping abilities and survival skills. The aim of our study was to longitudinally test the contribution of agency to predicting life satisfaction and the power of life satisfaction to mitigate traumatic stress in a group of Bedouin children exposed to prolonged military violence in West Bank, occupied Palestinian territories. We expected that children who maintained good levels of satisfaction over the time would be less at risk of developing stress- and trauma-related syndromes and that agency would act as a predeterminant of mitigated traumatic reactions. A quantitative cross-lagged path model (CLPM) research design was implemented. One hundred forty-three Palestinian children were administered with Children’s Hope Scale, Multidimensional Student Life Satisfaction Scale, Children’s Impact of Event Scale, and a built ad hoc traumatic checklist. The results provided support for all the study hypotheses, suggesting that in general Bedouin children draw on a considerable range of resources in adjusting to their chronically traumatic life context. Implications for clinical work and future research are discussed.

Palestinian children living amidst political and military violence deploy active protection strategies against psychological trauma: How agency can mitigate traumatic stress via life satisfaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 136749352110177
Author(s):  
Guido Veronese ◽  
Federica Cavazzoni ◽  
Alaa Jaradah ◽  
Shaher Yaghi ◽  
Hania Obaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Emotion ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Trauma Symptoms ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Military Violence ◽  
Palestinian Children

This exploratory study assessed the association between agency and life satisfaction, as well as the potential for life satisfaction, in its turn, to alleviate trauma symptoms and reduce negative emotion in a group of children exposed to war and military violence in Palestine. Two hundred and fifty Palestinian children, who had been recruited at primary schools in urban and rural areas, and refugee camps, completed the Multilevel Student’s Life Satisfaction Scale, Children’s Hope Scale (CHS), Children’s Impact of Event Scale (CRIES) and Positive and Negative Affect Scales. We performed structural equation modelling to evaluate the effects of agency on negative emotions and trauma symptoms via life satisfaction. The participants appeared to play an agentic role in mobilizing their own life satisfaction, and the more satisfied they were with their lives, the less they suffered from trauma symptoms. In terms of clinical practice, we advocate more active and participatory approaches to fostering children’s agency, a complex construct in need of further investigation via mixed-method quanti-qualitative and ethnographic studies.

Differences in Patterns of Adaptation in Conjugal Bereavement: Their Sources and Potential Significance

1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leon H. Levy ◽  
Karen S. Martinkowski ◽  
Joyce F. Derby
Keyword(s):  
Theory Development ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Spiritual Support ◽  
Anticipatory Grief ◽  
Conjugal Bereavement ◽  
Subjective Stress ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale

Several different patterns of adaptation over the first eighteen months of bereavement represented by levels of subjective stress (Impact of Event Scale) and depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale) were identified in a sample of 131 widowed men and women. Adaptation patterns identified for both subjective stress and depression included: low-stable distress, high-stable distress, ascending distress, and descending distress. Discriminant function analyses yielded a single significant function which discriminated between the different courses of adaptation for both subjective stress and depression. Inspection of the variables correlated with this function—anticipatory grief, concurrent stressors, social support, and spiritual support—suggested that it represented the person's ability to cope with the stress of bereavement. Implications for community interventions, theory development, and future research were discussed.

Trauma in cultural contexts: Translating impact of event scale-revised

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-57
Author(s):  
Ayza Yazdani ◽  
Zainab Zadeh ◽  
Khalida Shafi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Structure ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Traumatic Exposure ◽  
Indirect Exposure ◽  
Scale Scores ◽  
Back Translation

Abstract   The present study evaluates the back translation in Urdu and factor structure of Impact of Event Scale-Revised. The scale was administered to 446 adolescents in Pakistan with modifications to the time frame. Indirect traumatic exposure had occurred over six months to 2 years ago. Cronbach alpha coefficients of .78 for Intrusion subscale, .74 for Avoidance subscale and .66 for Hyperarousal subscales; and .88 for total scale scores are reported. Principal component analysis revealed a 3-factor solution explaining 45 % of the variance; factor structure was not similar to the proposed theoretical structure of IES-R. Endemic characteristics and cultural setup of the country highlight need to understand development and expression of trauma in the cultural milieu and direct future research for intervention strategies in schools. Keywords: Indirect exposure, trauma, adolescents, factor structure.

scholarly journals Psychological Wellbeing in Adolescents with Leukaemia: A Comparative Study with Typical Development Peers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Tremolada ◽  
Livia Taverna ◽  
Ilaria Tamara Chiavetta ◽  
Sabrina Bonichini ◽  
Maria Caterina Putti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Psychological Health ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Hospital Admissions ◽  
Psychological Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Wellbeing ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
First Year ◽  
Cognitive Problems

There is still little research on psychological wellbeing, life satisfaction and reported problems in preadolescents and adolescents under therapy for leukaemia, and also little research comparing them with their healthy peers. The present study aims to analyse the life satisfaction, hope, psychological wellbeing and reported problems’ intensity in patients aged 8-18 during the first year of therapy, to identify those more at risk and to compare their reports with matched healthy peers. After the parental written consent signature, a battery of self-reported questionnaires was administered during hospitalisation or day hospital admissions post 6 months and post 12 months from the diagnosis. Younger patients (aged 8–13 years) were more at risk than older ones in their problems’ intensity and psychological symptoms; females and Acute Myeloid Leukaemia patients reported lower current life satisfaction perceptions; hope was associated with lower depression symptoms and mood problems. Healthy peers have a better perception of current life, but reported a lower hope score, more anxiety symptoms and more cognitive problems than patients. The first 6 months were more critical for patients’ psychological health. The clinical aim was to identify the patients more at risk in order to prepare ad hoc psychological interventions.

scholarly journals The Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES): Validity as a Screening Instrument for PTSD

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 487-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Perrin ◽  
Richard Meiser-Stedman ◽  
Patrick Smith
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Base Rate ◽  
Cutoff Score ◽  
Children At Risk ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Cutoff Scores

The Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES) is a brief child-friendly measure designed to screen children at risk for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). It has good face and construct validity, a stable factor structure, correlates well with other indices of distress, and has been used to screen very large samples of at-risk-children following a wide range of traumatic events. However, few studies have examined the scale's validity against a structured diagnostic interview based on the DSM-IV criteria for PTSD. In the present study, the CRIES and the PTSD section of the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule-Child and Parent Version (ADIS-CP) were administered to a sample of children and adolescents (n=63) recruited from hospital accident and emergency rooms and the validity of the CRIES as a screening tool evaluated. Cutoff scores were chosen from this sample with a low base-rate of PTSD (11.1%) to maximize sensitivity and minimize the likelihood that children with a diagnosis of PTSD would fail to be identified. Cutoff scores were then cross-validated in a sample of 52 clinically referred children who had a high base-rate of PTSD (67.3%). A cutoff score of 30 on the CRIES-13 and a cutoff score of 17 on the CRIES-8 maximized sensitivity and specificity, minimized the rate of false negatives, and correctly classified 75–83% of the children in the two samples. The CRIES-8 (which lacks any arousal items) worked as efficiently as the CRIES-13 (which includes arousal items) in correctly classifying children with and without PTSD. Results are discussed in light of the current literature and of the need for further development of effective screens for children at-risk of developing PTSD.

Psychological Sequelae of Torture and Trauma in Chilean and Salvadorean Migrants: A Pilot Study

1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 84-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maritza Thompson ◽  
Patrick McGorry
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Torture Survivors ◽  
Post Traumatic Stress ◽  
Psychological Sequelae ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Research Perspective ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
The Impact

Torture has existed since the earliest times, usually as public punishment prior to death. Today it is predominantly used in secret with the aim of destroying the individual's personality. The effects of torture include severe physical and psychological sequelae which have only recently come under scrutiny. In recent years many Chilean and El Salvadorean migrants have left their countries after being tortured and severely traumatised as a result of organised violence. The aim of this study was to pilot an investigation into the psychological sequelae of torture. Subjects were 30 Chileans and El Salvadoreans classified into three groups: torture, trauma and non-torture/trauma migrants. It was found to be feasible to access and interview survivors from a clinical research perspective without causing additional psychological morbidity. The subjects were interviewed and administered three scales: the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Scale, SCL-90-R, and the Impact of Event Scale. The results from the scales and the descriptive data presented indicate some support for the hypothesis that torture survivors show higher levels of PTSD, psychosomatic impairment and stress response disturbance than the trauma and non-torture/trauma groups. Methodological issues are discussed. The strengths and limitations of this preliminary study are considered in relation to future research.

Assessing Subgroup Differences in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Rescue Workers in Japan With the Impact of Event Scale–Revised

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (02) ◽  
pp. 309-318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Noda ◽  
Kenichi Asano ◽  
Eiji Shimizu ◽  
Yoshiyuki Hirano
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Model Fit ◽  
Impact Of Event Scale ◽  
Event Scale ◽  
Rescue Workers ◽  
Multiple Indicators ◽  
Early Arrival ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Multiple Causes

ABSTRACTObjectiveWe examined the impact of demographic confounding factors on responses to the Impact of Event Scale–Revised.MethodsParticipants were rescue workers aged 20 to 65 years who had responded during the Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011. A multiple indicators, multiple causes model was used to examine associations between covariates and latent factors or items in the Impact of Event Scale–Revised.ResultsParticipants were recruited from April to August 2015. The model fit indices in the confirmatory factor analysis and the multiple indicators, multiple causes model suggested an acceptable model fit. Higher education and the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale score were significantly associated with a decrease in intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Counseling was significantly associated with increased avoidance. In the direct path model using modification indices, counseling and early arrival were identified as significant covariates.ConclusionsThis study found that higher education and resilience reduced all 3 factors in the Impact of Event Scale–Revised and improved the symptoms of intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Counseling and early arrival were also associated with improvement in certain items. However, counseling was also linked to increased avoidance and worsening psychophysiological reactions. Further research is recommended to clarify these relationships. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2019;13:309–318)

Review of Life Satisfaction Measures for Adolescents

2000 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rich Gilman ◽  
E. Scott Huebner
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Satisfaction With Life Scale ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Quality Of Life Scale ◽  
Perceived Life Satisfaction ◽  
Life Scale ◽  
Satisfaction Measures ◽  
Life Satisfaction Scale

AbstractOver the past decade, promoting the psychological wellbeing of adolescents has been the subject of increasing interest. To this end, a number of scales have been constructed that specifically assess life satisfaction among adolescents. Using specific selection criteria, the present study reviewed the psychometric properties of five life satisfaction measures available for use with adolescent populations. These scales were the Students' Life Satisfaction Scale, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, the Perceived Life Satisfaction Scale, the Comprehensive Quality of Life Scale – School Version, and the Multidimensional Students' Life Satisfaction Scale. Suggestions for future research are also discussed.

Between happiness and sorrow: Phenomenal characteristics of autobiographical memories concerning war episodes and positive events in the Gaza Strip

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 917-931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio L Manzanero ◽  
Juan Fernández ◽  
María del Mar Gómez-Gutiérrez ◽  
Miguel A Álvarez ◽  
Sofián El-Astal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Gaza Strip ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Positive Events ◽  
Traumatic Memories ◽  
Positive Life Events ◽  
Military Violence ◽  
The Gaza Strip

In the present study, we investigated the characteristics of memories concerning both traumatic events (war-related memories) and positive life events (happy memories) in a group of Palestinian students who were victims of war and military violence. An ad hoc questionnaire was developed to explore differences in how the traumatic and happy events were recalled, both in relation to the actual events experienced and in relation to their phenomenological features in autobiographical memory. Traumatic memories were observed to be richer in sensory characteristics, more vivid, and generally more detailed; the emotions associated with traumatic episodes were more intense and played a key role in recall, as did recurrent thoughts and discussion of events and post-event autobiographical memories. In sum, traumatic memories are more complex than non-traumatic ones given their more sensory and analogical nature, which can also undermine accuracy of recall. The clinical implications of these findings and possible directions for future research are discussed.

scholarly journals Self-fulfilling Versus Self-destructive Adolescents: Exploration of Relations among Resilience, Well-Being, and Life Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
pp. 168-175
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Sagone ◽  
Maria Luisa Indiana ◽  
Elena Commodari ◽  
Salvatore Luciano Orazio Fichera
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Satisfaction Scale ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Sense Of Humor ◽  
Measure Sense ◽  
Life Satisfaction Scale

This study examined the differences between adolescents with a self-fulfilling profile and those with a self-destructive profile in resilience, well-being, and satisfaction with life. The Resiliency Attitudes and Skills Profile (De Caroli & Sagone, 2014a) was used to measure sense of humor, competence, adaptability, control, and engagement; the Life Satisfaction Scale (Di Fabio & Gori, 2016), the Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ryff & Keyes, 1995) was used to explore general psychological well-being; the Positive (PA) and Negative (NA) Affect Scale (Di Fabio & Bucci, 2015) was applied to measure the two opposite affective profiles, self-fulfilling (high PA and low NA) and self-destructive profile (low PA and high NA). Results showed that adolescents with a self-fulfilling profile reported higher resilience, life satisfaction, psychological well-being than those with a self-destructive profile. Future research could deep protective factors of self-fulfilling profile and risk factors of self-destructive profile in adolescence.

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