Diversifying multilingualism: Languages and lects in Amazonia

2021 ◽  
pp. 136700692110231
Author(s):  
Patience Epps
Keyword(s):  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Difference ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Broad View ◽  
Cultural Ideologies ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range

Purpose: This paper argues for an ethnographically grounded approach to the study of linguistic diversity and multilingualism, taking local ideologies as a starting point for understanding how language varieties emerge and are maintained. It encourages a broad view of multilingualism that includes registers, lects, and other ways in which linguistic and social difference may be aligned and negotiated. Approach: Taking indigenous Amazonia as a case study, we survey evidence for linguistic variants associated with social distinctions that cross-cut many of the divisions conventionally associated with distinct languages, and consider relevant cultural ideologies. Data and Analysis: A range of varieties are considered, including genderlects, whereby men and women use markedly different linguistic forms; variants associated with descent groups and affinal relations; special pet and hunting registers; and shamanic language. Conclusions: Amazonia exhibits a wide range of lects and registers alongside its diversity of languages. These variants are implicated in multilingual practices across the region, and their existence and use are arguably informed by the same ideological framework as that which guides the use of discrete languages. The Amazonian case underscores the importance of casting the net wide in the investigation of small-scale multilingual contexts more generally. Originality: Studies of multilingualism have tended to focus primarily on interactions involving discrete languages, that is, the standard targets of grammars and dictionaries. This contribution brings these other varieties into the conversation, and emphasizes an emic, culturally articulated view of multilingual practice. Significance/Implications: This article illustrates the importance of a broad, ethnographically grounded perspective in the study of small-scale multilingualism, and encourages approaches that consider a range of linguistic variants.

scholarly journals Immigrant Parents’ Perspectives on Early Childhood Education and Care Practices in the Finnish Multicultural Context

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Leena Lastikka ◽  
Lasse Lipponen
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Immigrant Families ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Immigrant Parents ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Cooperative Partnership ◽  
Education And Care

Although the number of immigrant families is increasing in Finland, the research on their perspectives on early childhood and care (ECEC) services is scarce. The objective of this small-scale case study was to increase the understanding of immigrant families’ perspectives on ECEC practices. Through the qualitative content analysis of interview-based data, four themes emerged as particularly important for working with immigrant families: (a) fostering dialogue and mutual understanding; (b) promoting cultural and linguistic diversity; (c) encouraging cooperative partnership; and (d) providing support and individualized attention. This study contributes to the development of more inclusive and supportive ECEC practices in order to better support families with immigrant backgrounds.

scholarly journals A case study from the southern Cape linefishery 2: Considering one’s options when the fish leave

2017 ◽  
Vol 113 (5/6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Louise C. Gammage ◽  
Astrid Jarre ◽  
Charles Mather ◽  
◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Data ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Scenario Planning ◽  
Feedback Loops ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Local Feedback ◽  
Resilience Framework

Fishers in the small-scale, commercial linefishery in the southern Cape, South Africa, are exposed to variability and change in the marine social-ecological system of which they are a part. Faced with multi-scalar changes within this complex system, fishers employ a wide range of strategies in reaction to change. As part of a broader study of stressors that bring about change in these systems, this contribution examines the fishers’ responses to these changes and is based on a participant-led, semi-structured interview process of skippers/boat owners, crew, processors and spouses/partners, in six communities in the southern Cape region, and has been supplemented with appropriate secondary data. The results are discussed using a resilience framework. The data were initially considered thematically by stressor, but results identified that a place-based analysis was equally important. Three major groupings were identified: (1) fishers who adapt and show clear business-orientation, (2) fishers who cope, and (3) fishers who react and are thus caught in a poverty trap. In addition to place-specific history, local feedback loops and indirect effects need to be better accounted for to understand these responses to change at various scales. The results of this study are expected to contribute to the basis of scenario planning in the region.

scholarly journals An assignment based on data driven journalism: a case study

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Simonite
Keyword(s):  
Academic Writing ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Open Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
The Public ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Writing Assignment

In a module designed to develop skills in presenting and evaluating statistics, students of mathematics and statistics were given an assignment asking them to research and write a piece of data driven journalism. Data driven journalism is a new phenomenon which has expanded rapidly due to the growth in open data, new visualisation tools and online reporting in newspapers, periodicals and blogs. The assignment provided students with a writing assignment that was individual, small-scale, research-based and embedded within their discipline. The students were asked to formulate a research question that could be investigated using survey data available from an electronic data archive. The result of the investigation was to be written up as a piece of data driven journalism for online publication, including a data visualisation. In addition to using discipline-based skills and written communication, the assignment required students to use research skills and digital literacy. An assignment set in the context of writing for the public extends students’ writing experience beyond the domains of discipline-based professional reports and academic writing. Data driven journalism provides opportunities to develop students’ writing alongside other skills for employment and can be used to design assessments for a wide range of disciplines.

scholarly journals Language politics in Nepal: a socio-historical overview

2022 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bhim Lal Gautam
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Linguistic Diversity ◽  
The Other ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Political Movements ◽  
Language Politics ◽  
Contact Shift ◽  
Global North ◽  
The One

Abstract This paper aims to outline the language politics in Nepal by focusing on the influences and expansions shifted from Global North to the Global South. Based on a small-scale case study of interviews and various political movements and legislative documents, this paper discusses linguistic diversity and multilingualism, globalization, and their impacts on Nepal’s linguistic landscapes. It finds that the language politics in Nepal has been shifted and changed throughout history because of different governmental and political changes. Different ideas have been emerged because of globalization and neoliberal impacts which are responsible for language contact, shift, and change in Nepalese society. It concludes that the diversified politics and multilingualism in Nepal have been functioning as a double-edged sword which on the one hand promotes and preserves linguistic and cultural diversity, and on the other hand squeeze the size of diversity by vitalizing the Nepali and English languages through contact and globalization.

scholarly journals Small Scale Fisheries, Dolphins and Societal Challenges: A Case Study in the City of Volos, Greece

Conservation ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-91
Author(s):  
Stergios V. Pardalis ◽  
Anastasia Komnenou ◽  
Athanasios Exadactylos ◽  
Georgios A. Gkafas
Keyword(s):  
Marine Mammals ◽  
Economic Loss ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Small Scale Fisheries ◽  
Societal Challenges ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The City ◽  
Shed Light

Existing literature on dolphin-fisheries interaction focused on Greece reveals both an undeveloped area for research, but also a lack of relevant data in this field. Although imperative, relevant research has been slow on innovation and cooperation among universities, official bureaus, and NGOs that are obliged to work together as European and national laws dictate. Most of the research in this new field focuses on the interaction between marine mammals and local fisheries, suggesting that this relationship may be problematic for both parties since the former are being treated (at least occasionally) with brutality, while the latter try to deal with economic loss. Dolphins and fishermen operate within the same ecological niches for their survival, the main area of conflict being nutritious fish. Anthropological research on ethnic identity has long dealt with antagonistic relationships over resources between adjacent groups of people. Marine biologists’ research in Greece focuses on the human factor, and some of its shortcomings may well be seen as the result of limited, or an absence of, training in social sciences. This article attempts to draw from anthropological theory to shed light on a particular symbiosis between humans and dolphins. Multidisciplinary approaches gain ground in a wide range of research interests and seem to be fruitful in terms of theoretical and practical results.

scholarly journals Vocabulary Retention in Cognitive Theory

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 414-419
Author(s):  
M. Allanazarova
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Vocabulary Learning ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Vocabulary Retention ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Short And Long Term ◽  
Esl Learners

Vocabulary learning has been a key aspect of acquiring a second language for many years. Many scholars and linguists claimed that learning languages cannot be successful without a wide range of vocabulary. However, most ESL learners are confronted with recalling difficulties as they tend to forget the word fast that they learned recently. These challenges are commonly discussed and researched by Cognitivists since they deem that there are several reasons for forgetting associated with memory and mental process. This case study entails small-scale research on vocabulary retention, reasons for forgetting, and some potential solutions to recall words in the second language. For this case study, we have chosen Cognitivism Theory in a bid to investigate and find out remembering challenges of our ESL learner and give her some possible solutions because according to cognitive psychology it is said that systematic forgetting occurs owing to interfering effects, a continuation of the very process of subsumption, neurolinguistic blocking and other factors. Relying on their findings we tried to help our seventeen-year-old student who tends to forget English words easily. In this case, the hypothesis of the research is that pictorial texts or stories can be more effective for short and long-term vocabulary learning and retention.

scholarly journals Shifting land use in German coastal mainland destinations: historical development of tourism in Norden-Norddeich

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-248
Author(s):  
Ben Wielenga
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Business Models ◽  
Wadden Sea ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Sea Area

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present the way in which the mainland of the German Wadden Sea area transitioned from traditional sectors into an almost entirely tourism destination, and which factors contributed to and/or necessitated such a development. Design/methodology/approach The overall approach in this paper has adopted a focus on an extensive case study of the German mainland of the Wadden Sea area. Scientific articles have been used to, first, structuring the theoretical framework and then to gain a general understanding on what a transition exactly entails. As a result, the theoretical framework has been written in an examination of existing literature on transitions and functioned as the theoretical support and foundation for the case study analysis. The analysis has been shaped by means of a number of scientific articles, branch reports, books and websites that, in most instances, specifically focused on the chosen case. Since the area of study is located in Germany, specific literature on this area was mostly limited to the German language, a language of which the author has a basic, yet not thorough, understanding. However, the overall scope of the developments in the case in regard to the transition from agricultural and fishing communities to communities in which tourism plays a substantial role has been understandable. Findings One of the most important sectors that economically benefit the Wadden Sea region, especially on the Dutch and German Wadden islands, is tourism. While tourism development on the Dutch mainland is minimal, the sector considerably developed in the past few decades on the German mainland, generally as a result of declining yields through multifarious unfavorable developments in traditional sectors such as agriculture and fishing, amongst others. Throughout previous centuries, Norden-Norddeich possessed some small-scale tourism facilities; however, negative developments in those traditional sectors required the municipality to prevent an impasse situation, resulting in altering business models and upscaling tourism facilities. Initiatives in different layers (micro, meso and macro) were initiated and gradually intensified in order to develop Norden-Norddeich as a counter destination for the expensive German islands. Following the phases of transition, Norden-Norddeich gradually developed and can now be regarded as a stable and dynamic holiday destination as well as a system that nowadays almost completely adheres to tourism. It took Norden-Norddeich ten years to transition toward tourism. Presently, Norden-Norddeich is the most visited mainland destination at the German Wadden Sea coast. In contrast, small-scale activities are set up in the mainland part of the Wadden Sea area in the Netherlands, but miss out on effective collaboration between different stakeholders that are involved in both planning and management (such as policy makers) and executive roles (such as the people who organize activities and/or facilities). Furthermore, the area is managed in such a way that does not contribute yet to upscaling economic development, mostly as a result of regulatory issues that hinder such developments. However, increasing efforts by several stakeholders are being taken that should ultimately lead to a sustainable socio-economic development of the Dutch mainland part of the Wadden Sea area. Originality/value Analyzing the stages of transition on the German mainland of the Wadden area might function as an example for stakeholders in villages or cities located on the mainland of the Dutch Wadden to become aware of how processes of tourism transitions occur, what factors are needed to start off such a transition and what effects a transition might have on the revitalization of a certain area. Moreover, the case of Norden-Norddeich could stand out as an example for Dutch stakeholders in the Wadden region to perceive in what way a locked-in situation could be prevented or solved by shifting from one system to another by taking on a wide range of initiatives that might be led and stimulated by different actors.

Como and Padua

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frances Andrews
Keyword(s):  
Thirteenth Century ◽  
Similar Pattern ◽  
Northern Italy ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Comparative History ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Two Cities

This chapter takes as its starting point Chris Wickham’s emphasis on the importance and difficulties of comparative history (if on a small scale). It compares the engagement of viri religiosi in communal offices in two cities and their contadi in northern Italy: Padua and Como, which in the first half of the thirteenth century adopted contrasting approaches to this practice. In Como, already by 1216, otherwise unidentified fratres qui supersunt ad cartas were responsible for dealing with the commune’s creditors, and within a few decades the city’s treasurers (canevarii) were usually fratres regulares. Some rural communes in the hinterland took to using fratres in similar ways. Como’s adoption of this ‘religious’ solution to staffing key offices is precocious, but a similar pattern can be identified in the following decades in numerous northern and central Italian cities and contadi. This has, surely correctly, been linked to the rise of pro-papal guelfism in the middle of the century. By contrast, Padua seems to be an exception, with no evidence for the employment of fratres in urban office either before, during, or after the period of domination by the Ezzelini (1237–1256). Yet in the early 1200s the Ezzelini were already regionally significant leaders, and were aligned against the imperial cause. The comparison is not intended to explain a silence in the records, but as an exploration of approaches to these differences, a case-study of communal practices, political factionalism and ecclesiastical communities.

scholarly journals Comparison of Human Resources Management in Non-Family and Family Businesses: Case Study of the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (14) ◽  
pp. 5493
Author(s):  
Petra Horváthová ◽  
Marie Mikušová ◽  
Kateřina Kashi
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Research Questions

Human resources management, which includes a wide range of activities, may vary between businesses. One of the reasons for these differences may be the fact that they are non-family or family businesses. The purpose of this study is to identify differences in the area of human resources management between non-family and family businesses operating in the Czech business environment. The authors formulated three research questions and two hypotheses. The article’s main findings are: non-family and family businesses do not substantially differ in human resources management. The article is formulating more general conclusions in the researched area, which can serve as a starting point for further directions of possible research on this issue.

scholarly journals A CASE STUDY: DO MISCONCEPTIONS LEAD TO INTERGROUP CONFLICTS AT WORKPLACES?

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-57
Author(s):  
Harika SÜKLÜN
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Case Study Methodology ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Study Methodology ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Intergroup Conflicts ◽  
Hostile Work Environment

           This study's purpose was to investigate if misconceptions lead to conflicts and increase attention among scholars for further research as well. Although misconception is one of the roots of conflicts is somehow accepted, especially by the practitioners, there are not many empirical studies conducted to investigate if there is a relationship between misconception and conflicts. This study is prepared on a small scale as a starting point. To explore the subject better case study methodology is used.  Two different studies conducted to be able to compare and analyze the situation among the groups.  One group is taken as in-group and the other group is taken as out-group. This study's findings revealed that misconception leads to conflict at workplaces and to a hostile work environment. "We vs. them" situation among the groups and intergroup conflicts are observed. Conclusion and limitation are discussed.

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