Investigation on the behaviors of Tou–Kung sets in historic timber structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 485-496
Author(s):  
Jianyang Xue ◽  
Linlin Ma ◽  
Xiaoyang Dong ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
Xicheng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Cyclic Loads ◽  
Vertical Load ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Equivalent Viscous Damping ◽  
Vertical Loading ◽  
Tilting Angle

To investigate the structural performance of Tou–Kung, two 1/3.52-scaled models of Tou–Kung were designed and tested subjected to vertical loading and quasi-static loading. Also, the finite element models of intact Tou–Kung and tilting Tou–Kung were established. Based on the validation of experimental results and finite element models, numerical simulation analysis of the models was carried out to study the influence of tilting angle on the behaviors of Tou–Kung. It is shown that the failure modes of the models were the compressive fracture of Da-Tou under vertical load, the shear failure of the dowel at Da-Tou, and the slipping between Da-Tou and Pingban-Fang subjected to lateral cyclic loads. The relationship of vertical load and vertical displacement was obtained and analyzed, and the vertical initial stiffness and bearing capacity of the models descended with the increase in tilting angle. The hysteretic loops of the tilting models subjected to cyclic loads are asymmetrical in positive and negative loading, and the asymmetrical degrees of the curves are much significant with a larger tilting angle of the models. With the increase in tilting angle, the lateral stiffness and ultimate load increased in positive loading, and both of them decreased in negative loading due to the tilting of the models. Also, the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of the models decreases with a larger tilting angle of Tou–Kung.

Analysis of Brick Wall’s Failure Modes under Earthquake Effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 226-228 ◽  
pp. 1066-1071
Author(s):  
Kai Qin ◽  
Wen Fang Zhang ◽  
Li Jun Niu
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Brick Masonry ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Brick Wall ◽  
Flexural Failure ◽  
Earthquake Effect ◽  
Shear Bearing Capacity

Brick wall has large lateral sidesway stiffness and shear failure often occurs under horizontal earthquake effect, but the scourge surveys indicate that flexural failure can also occurs sometimes. Given that there are still few researches about masonry’s failure modes in China, Finite Element Models of non-reinforced brick masonry with different Depth-width Ratios and reinforced brick masonry whose Depth-width Ratio is 1.444 are established with the help of MSC.MARC to analyze its failure mode under horizontal action. The researching results indicate that: The larger the Depth-width Ratio of non-reinforced brick masonry is, the more flexural components it has and the better its ductility is; the smaller its Depth-width Ratio is, the larger the D-value of Bottom Shear and Ultimate Shear Bearing Capacity according to formulas from code before damage, and thereby the more easily the shear failure takes place; however, the ductility of brick wall’s flexural failure is improved evidently through making reasonable reinforcement schemes.

Experimental and Numerical Plastic Response and Failure of Laterally Impacted Rectangular Plates

2013 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Liu ◽  
R. Villavicencio ◽  
C. Guedes Soares
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Mesh Size ◽  
Plastic Behavior ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Rectangular Plates ◽  
Marine Structures ◽  
Fine Mesh ◽  
The Impact

Experimental and numerical results of drop weight impact test are presented on the plastic behavior and fracture of rectangular plates stuck laterally by a mass with a hemispherical indenter. Six specimens were tested in order to study the influence of the impact velocity and the diameter of the indenter. The impact scenarios could represent abnormal actions on marine structures, such as ship collision and grounding or dropped objects on deck structures. The tests are conducted on a fully instrumented impact tester machine. The obtained force-displacement response is compared with numerical simulations, performed by the LS-DYNA finite element solver. The simulations aim at proposing techniques for defining the material and restraints on finite element models which analyze the crashworthiness of marine structures. The mesh size and the critical failure strain are predicted by numerical simulations of the tensile tests used to obtain the mechanical properties of the material. The experimental boundary conditions are modeled in order to represent the reacting forces developed during the impact. The results show that the critical impact energy until failure is strongly sensitive to the diameter of the striker. The shape of the failure modes is well predicted by the finite element models when a relatively fine mesh is used. Comments on the process of initiation and propagation of fracture are presented.

Comparative Study on the Effects of Infill Walls on Reinforced Concrete Frame Structures

2015 ◽  
Vol 730 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Huan Jin
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Frame Structure ◽  
Frame Structures ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Frame ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Infill Walls ◽  
Finite Element Program ◽  
Static Test

Based on the quasi-static test of single-layer, two-bay RC frame model, using DIANA finite element program, a finite element Macro-model of masonry-infilled frame structure was established, and nonlinear finite element analysis of frame structures filled with different masonry materials was conducted. As a result of the existence of infill walls, the failure modes of frame structure have been changed, and which is easy to cause shear failure at the top of frame columns. If masonry materials of infill walls are different, the effects of infill panels on frame structures will be different. Comparative analysis shows that the influence of clay bricks is the largest, followed by autoclaved bricks’ influence, while aerated concrete blocks’ influence is the smallest. Therefore, to avoid the associated failure mechanism caused by infill walls, lightweight masonry materials are suggested to be used in actual engineering.

Probing the Instability of a Cluster of Slip Bonds Upon Cyclic Loads With a Coupled Finite Element Analysis and Monte Carlo Method

2014 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofeng Chen ◽  
Bin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element Analysis ◽  
Finite Element ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Monte Carlo Method ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Cyclic Stretch ◽  
Cyclic Loads ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
The Stability

Cells are subjected to cyclic loads under physiological conditions, which regulate cellular structures and functions. Recently, it was demonstrated that cells on substrates reoriented nearly perpendicular to the stretch direction in response to uni-axial cyclic stretches. Though various theories were proposed to explain this observation, the underlying mechanism, especially at the molecular level, is still elusive. To provide insights into this intriguing observation, we employ a coupled finite element analysis (FEA) and Monte Carlo method to investigate the stability of a cluster of slip bonds upon cyclic loads. Our simulation results indicate that the cluster can become unstable upon cyclic loads and there exist two characteristic failure modes: gradual sliding with a relatively long lifetime versus catastrophic failure with a relatively short lifetime. We also find that the lifetime of the bond cluster, in many cases, decreases with increasing stretch amplitude and also decreases with increasing cyclic frequency, which appears to saturate at high cyclic frequencies. These results are consistent with the experimental reports. This work suggests the possible role of slip bonds in cellular reorientation upon cyclic stretch.

Seismic Performance of Medium Thick-Walled Cold-Formed Steel Top-and-Seat Angle Joint

2014 ◽  
Vol 501-504 ◽  
pp. 1609-1614
Author(s):  
Zhong Peng ◽  
Jun Huang ◽  
Shao Bin Dai ◽  
Ji Xiong Liu
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Initial Stiffness ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Equivalent Viscous Damping ◽  
Seat Angle ◽  
Cold Formed Steel ◽  
Energy Dissipation Capacity

3 medium thick-walled cold-formed steel top-and-seat angle joints were designed. The ABAQUS nonlinear finite element analysis on earthquake resistance behaviors of the joints were conducted under low cyclic loading. The results indicate that the failure processes and failure modes of 3 specimens are basically the same, the destruction of joints derive from buckling deformation of the top-and-seat angle and buckling of the steel beam flanges; the shapes of hysteresis curves of all specimens are obvious pinch together and present spindle, the displacement ductility factors are greater than 5.5, the equivalent viscous damping factors are greater than 0.158, all the specimens possess good energy dissipation capacity. The secant stiffness variations are almost similar, each specimen represents significant degradation. Increase the thickness of angle and diameter of high-strength bolt can improve the mechanical performance of the joints. Increase the bolt diameter, the ductility, energy dissipation capacity and initial stiffness enhance obviously, however, there is no apparent effect while increasing the thickness of angle.

Behaviour of hollow concrete masonry walls with one-course bond beams subjected to concentric and eccentric concentrated loading

2003 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junyi Yi ◽  
Nigel G Shrive
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Masonry Walls ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Concentrated Load ◽  
Concrete Masonry ◽  
Out Of Plane ◽  
Concentrated Loading ◽  
Concrete Masonry Walls

Three-dimensional finite element models of unreinforced hollow concrete masonry walls with one-course bond beams subjected to concentrated loading have been analyzed. The walls were modelled with different loading plate sizes, different loading locations along the wall (at the midpoint of the wall, at the end of the wall, and between these points), and different out-of-plane eccentricities (e = 0, t/6, and t/3). The hollow block units, mortar, grout, and bond beam blocks in the walls were modelled separately. Both smeared and discrete cracking methods have been utilized for predicting cracking under load. Geometric and material nonlinearities and damage due to progressive cracking were taken into account in the analyses. The predicted failure modes and ultimate capacities of the walls with the concentric concentrated load applied at the midpoint or at the end of the wall compared very well with the experimental results. When the load was between the midpoint and the end of the wall, the predicted ultimate capacity was between those for the load at the midpoint and at the end. The strength of the walls decreases with increasing out-of-plane eccentricities.Key words: finite element models, hollow masonry, smeared and discrete cracking models, concentrated load, loading locations, out-of-plane eccentricities.

scholarly journals Experimental Study and Damage Model on the Seismic Behavior of Reinforced Concrete L-Shaped Columns under Combined Torsion

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 7008
Author(s):  
Deyi Xu ◽  
Yang Yang ◽  
Zongping Chen
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Axial Compression ◽  
Compression Ratio ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Plastic Hinge ◽  
Combined Loading ◽  
Equivalent Viscous Damping ◽  
Axial Compression Ratio

Due to the advantage of saving indoor space, a special-shaped column frame attracted more attention of the engineers and researchers. This paper presented a quasi-static cyclic loading experiment of six specimens of reinforced concrete (RC) L-shaped columns under compression-flexure-shear-torsion combined loadings to investigate the effect in the ratio of torsion to moment (T/M) and axial compression ratio (n) on their seismic performance. The results showed that the failure modes of L-shaped specimens included bending failure, bending-torsion failure, and torsion-shear failure with the hysteretic curves exhibiting S shape. With the increase of T/M ratio, cracks on the flange developed more fully, and the height of plastic hinge decreased and torsion bearing capacity improved. Besides, as the T/M ratio increased the twist ductility increased, while displacement ductility decreased. On the other hand, with a higher axial compression ratio, torsion bearing capacity and bending stiffness were both increased. Moreover, the equivalent viscous damping coefficient of bending and torsion were 0.08~0.28 and 0.13~0.23, respectively. The average inter-story drift ratio met the requirements of the Chinese standard. Finally, two modified models were proposed to predict the progression of damage for the L-shaped column under combined loading including torsion.

Modeling the Crushing Response of PMC Tubes Under Quasi-Static and Dynamic Loading Conditions

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abdel-Haq ◽  
G. Newaz
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Failure Model ◽  
Axial Splitting ◽  
Element Technique ◽  
Dynamic Loading Conditions ◽  
Static And Dynamic Loading

Non-linear finite element technique was used to predict the crushing response and energy absorption of fiberglass/polyester tubes under quasi-static and dynamic conditions. The major failure modes including axial splitting of the tube wall and delamination were modeled using the available features in LSDYNA and ABAQUS codes for dynamic and quasi-static analysis, respectively. The results show that the finite element models were able to predict the average and peak load levels for the tubes with and without using an external constraint. Finally, it was concluded that modeling the major failure modes in the crushing process in addition to using an appropriate material failure model is essential to capture the load levels and specific energy absorption of the crushed tubes.

Composite Joints Design - Migrating from Finite Element Models to Component Models

2013 ◽  
Vol 716 ◽  
pp. 620-625
Author(s):  
Wan Hu Jong ◽  
Woong Park Ji
Keyword(s):  
Finite Element ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Difficult Problem ◽  
Finite Element Models ◽  
Physical Testing ◽  
New Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Partially Restrained ◽  
Component Models ◽  
Connection Design

When developing innovative structural systems, designers are faced with a difficult problem when addressing connection design. While the provisions for the design of members and their failure modes are well understood and codified, the design and performance of the connections are not. Current specifications require designers to provide evidence, through either experiments or analysis and combinations thereof, that these connections will perform as intended. In this paper, the design of an innovative type of connection to concrete-filled tube columns is described. These connection are partially-restrained, contain a new type of material (shape memory alloys), and are geared for high seismic loads making their design a very challenging proposition without the aid of physical testing. The design is developed based on detailed finite element analyses of the connection region and elements which lead to simplified spring models suitable for design of entire frames. The results indicate that through careful and rigorous analyses, robust simplified connection models can be developed even for complex connections.

Seismic Experiments for Multi-Ribbed Sandwich Insulation Composite Wallboard

2012 ◽  
Vol 174-177 ◽  
pp. 701-705
Author(s):  
Ya Feng Yue ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
Dong Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Energy Dissipation ◽  
Bearing Capacity ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Shear Failure ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Ultimate Bearing Capacity ◽  
Horizontal Load ◽  
Initial Stiffness

Low frequency cyclic horizontal load experiments have been carried out on the sandwich insulation (ECW-8) and ordinary (ECW-1) multi-ribbed composite wallboard. Mechanical properties of two specimens such as bearing capacity, energy dissipation and failure modes were studied. Two specimens are both shear failure. The cracking load of insulation wallboard increases by 29.1% than ordinary wallboard. The initial stiffness of insulation wallboard is 1.38 times of ordinary wallboard. The ultimate bearing capacity and energy dissipation performance has little difference between them.

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