Indoor and outdoor environmental determinants on the perceived housing affordability for senior households

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 331-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suk-Kyung Kim ◽  
Jaechoon Lee
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Housing Affordability ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Environmental Determinants ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Ageing In Place ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

The primary purpose of this research is to determine influential indoor and outdoor environmental elements that affect senior households’ perceptions of housing affordability. This paper proposes major considerations for indoor and outdoor environmental elements which could make homes for senior households to be affordable and thus support their ageing in place. Our research adopted an empirical approach based on a survey. Relevant research was reviewed to identify potential indoor and outdoor environmental elements that could affect senior residents’ opinions about housing affordability. Sixteen indoor and outdoor environmental elements were selected. The survey targeted senior residents living in the central Michigan area in the United States. The results of this paper were based on descriptive statistics, mean difference tests, correlation coefficients and regression models to explain the relationships between indoor and outdoor environmental elements and senior residents’ perceptions of their housing affordability. Major findings proved statistically significant correlations between interior environmental elements and senior households’ perceived housing affordability. Most housing programmes and policies for housing affordability have focused on financial elements. Findings from this research, however, added several indoor and neighbourhood environmental elements for consideration to improve senior households’ perceived housing affordability and support their ageing in place.

Expanding the Happiness Paradox: Ethnoracial Disparities in Life Satisfaction Among Older Immigrants in the United States

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-255
Author(s):  
Rocío Calvo ◽  
Dawn C. Carr ◽  
Christina Matz-Costa
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Older Immigrants ◽  
Happiness Paradox ◽  
Retirement Study ◽  
Lower Life Satisfaction

Objective: This study investigated nativity disparities in life satisfaction among ethnoracial groups of older adults in the United States and the factors associated with such disparities. Method: Cross-sectional data from 7,348 respondents aged 60 and older from the 2012/2014 waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used to estimate linear regression models. Results: Older immigrants experienced higher levels of life satisfaction than comparable native-born individuals. This “happiness advantage” was particularly salient for Hispanic immigrants, who reported the highest levels of life satisfaction of all groups included in the study. With increasing education, life satisfaction increased for White and “Other Race” groups, regardless of nativity. However, for both Black groups and native-born Hispanics, higher levels of education were associated with lower life satisfaction. Discussion: Findings suggest that the “happiness paradox” may not only be a matter of Hispanic ethnicity, but that it may also extend to immigrants from other ethnoracial backgrounds.

scholarly journals A Balanced Literacy Initiative for One Suburban School District in the United States

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donita Shaw ◽  
Karen Hurst
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
School District ◽  
Quantitative Data ◽  
Balanced Literacy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Survey Question ◽  
Suburban School District ◽  
Pearson Correlations

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the teachers employed by this suburban USA school district implemented balanced literacy instruction. The 111 teachers who taught grades K-6 completed surveys and were observed. Quantitative data from the surveys and observations were analyzed through descriptive statistics, nonparametric chi-square tests, and Pearson correlations. One open-ended survey question was analyzed qualitatively. Findings show that the majority of teachers had an acceptable understanding of balanced literacy. There were differences among teachers’ instruction on literacy components and structures across grades. Weak correlations among self-reported and observed practices were found. Implications are discussed as the data are being used for research-informed improvements in the district.

scholarly journals COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF FOUR CLAIMS-BASED FRAILTY MEASURES IN THE UNITED STATES MEDICARE DATA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S684-S685
Author(s):  
Dae H Kim ◽  
Elisabetta Patorno ◽  
Ajinkya Pawar ◽  
Hemin Lee ◽  
Sebastian Schneeweiss ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Gait Speed ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Medicare Data ◽  
C Statistic ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background: There has been increasing effort to measure frailty in the United States Medicare data. The performance of claims-based frailty measures has not been compared. Methods: This retrospective cohort study included 2,326 community-dwelling Medicare beneficiaries who participated in the 2008 assessment of the Health and Retirement Study. The claims-based frailty measures developed by Davidoff, Faurot, Segal, and Kim were compared against clinical measures of frailty (gait speed, grip strength) using correlation coefficients and health outcomes (e.g., mortality, hospitalization, activities-of-daily-living disabilities) over 2 years using C-statistics. Results: The Davidoff, Faurot, Segal, and Kim indices were negatively correlated with gait speed (-0.19, -0.33, -0.37, and -0.37, respectively), but age and sex adjustment variably attenuated the correlation to -0.17, -0.22, -0.18, and -0.33, respectively. The corresponding correlation coefficients with grip strength were -0.17, -0.27, -0.35, and -0.24, which attenuated to -0.09, -0.14, -0.05, and -0.23 after age and sex adjustment, respectively. The models that included age, sex, and each of Davidoff, Faurot, Segal, and Kim indices showed C-statistics of 0.67, 0.71, 0.71, 0.75 for mortality (versus C-statistic for age and sex: 0.66); 0.59, 0.64, 0.63, 0.70 for hospitalization (versus C-statistic for age and sex: 0.58); and 0.64, 0.63, 0.63, 0.70 for activities-of-daily-living disabilities (versus C-statistic for age and sex: 0.61), respectively. Conclusions: The choice of a claims-based frailty measure results in a meaningful variation in the identification of frail older adults at high risk for adverse health outcomes. Claims-based frailty measures that included demographic variables offer limited risk adjustment beyond age and sex.

The High Prevalence of Depressive Symptoms and Its Correlates With Older Hmong Refugees in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 660-669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai S. Yang ◽  
Jan E. Mutchler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Later Life ◽  
The United States ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Hopkins Symptom Checklist ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Reported Health

Objective: We estimate depressive symptoms in a sample of older Hmong refugees in the United States, and investigate factors shaping risk of depression in this population. Method: Data were collected in California and Minnesota ( N = 127). The study sample included Hmong immigrants aged 55 and over. The measure of depression used is the Hopkins Symptom Checklist–10 (HSCL-10) inventory. Linear regression models were used to identify significant correlates of depressive symptoms. Results: More than 72% of the participants indicated being symptomatic of depression, as reflected by having a HSCL-10 score of 1.85 or higher. Self-reported health was a risk factor for depression. Protective factors from depression were larger household size and older age of arrival into the United States. Discussion: This study updated knowledge about the mental health status of Hmong refugees, who are now at later life. Our findings suggest that depression may be a lifelong experience in this high risk population.

Perceived Immigrant Threat and Punitive Attitudes: The Moderating Effect of Economic Insecurity

2020 ◽  
pp. 001112872096848
Author(s):  
Adam Trahan ◽  
Kelly Pierce
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Economic Insecurity ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Punitive Attitudes ◽  
Group Threat ◽  
Relative Lack

One of the strongest predictors of punitive attitudes is out-group prejudice. Two limitations of this literature are a relative lack of research examining (a) these relationships outside the United States and (b) the theoretical mechanisms involved. The current study tests the direct and moderating effects of group threat and economic insecurity on punitive attitudes among German citizens. Findings show the direct effect of group threat on punitive attitudes was significant and positive in three OLS regression models measuring different perceptions of threat by immigrants. The direct effect of economic insecurity on punitive attitudes was non-significant, but economic insecurity had a significant moderating effect on out-group prejudice and punitiveness in all three models.

Cupulocrinus angustatus (Meek and Worthen, 1870), a cladid crinoid from the Upper Ordovician Maquoketa Formation of the northern midcontinent of the United States

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Brower
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
The United States ◽  
Significance Tests ◽  
Upper Ordovician ◽  
Developmental Constraints ◽  
Stratigraphic Position

Cupulocrinus angustatus (Meek and Worthen, 1870) is common and widely distributed in the Maquoketa Formation of the northern midcontinent of the United States, and specimens are known from the Isotelus and Vogdesia Zones of the Elgin, the Clermont, Fort Atkinson, and Brainard Members. Cluster significance tests indicate that crinoids from all stratigraphic horizons are conspecific. The most numerous primibrachs are located in the A and B rays, whereas the C ray exhibits the fewest plates. The largest and smallest numbers of secundibrachs occur in the B and C rays, respectively. The number of brachs is independent of stratigraphic position and the size of the crinoids. Correlation coefficients for the numbers of brachs demonstrate that the arms are divided into two overlapping and covarying levels: the proximal arms from the primibrachs to tertibrachs, and distal arms ranging from the tertibrachs to quintibrachs. Growth of the aboral cup is generally isometric or roughly so. Conversely, the width:height ratios of brachs typically increase in progressively larger individuals. Similarly, most deposition of calcite on the columnals affects their width rather than height. The correlations for the aboral cup and its plates generally exceed those of brachs and stem plates. The contrasts in allometry and integration and coordination between the aboral cup versus the brachs and column are attributed to differences in basic geometry and developmental constraints. Similar patterns are seen in other Paleozoic and perhaps all or most crinoids.

Correlates of Perceived HIV Prevalence and Associations With HIV Testing Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 90-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy White ◽  
Rob Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Hiv Testing ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hiv Prevalence ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Hiv Testing Behavior

As the rate of HIV infection continues to rise among men who have sex with men (MSM) in the United States, a focus of current prevention efforts is to encourage frequent HIV testing. Although levels of lifetime testing are high, low levels of routine testing among MSM are concerning. Using data from an online sample of 768 MSM, this article explores how perceptions of HIV prevalence are associated with HIV testing behavior. Ordinal logistic regression models were fitted to examine correlates of perceived prevalence, and binary logistic regression models were fitted to assess associations between perceived prevalence and HIV testing. The results indicate that perceptions of higher prevalence among more proximal reference groups such as friends and sex partners are associated with greater odds of HIV testing. Perceptions of HIV prevalence were nonuniform across the sample; these variations point to groups to target with strategic messaging and interventions to increase HIV testing among MSM.

Transport Energy Demand Modeling of the United States Using Artificial Neural Networks and Multiple Linear Regressions

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Kialashaki ◽  
John Reisel
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
United States ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Transportation Energy ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
The Future ◽  
Artificial Neural

In 2009, the transportation sector was the second largest consumer of primary energy in the United States, following the electric power sector and followed by the industrial, residential, and commercial sectors. The pattern of energy use varies by sector. For example, petroleum provides 96% of the energy used for transportation but its share is much less in other sectors. While the United States consumes vast quantities of energy, it has also pledged to cut its greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. In order to assist in planning for future energy needs, the purpose of this study is to develop a model for transport energy demand that incorporates past trends. This paper describes the development of two types of transportation energy models which are able to predict the United States’ future transportation energy-demand. One model uses an artificial neural network technique (a feed-forward multilayer perceptron neural network coupled with back-propagation technique), and the other model uses a multiple linear regression technique. Various independent variables (including GDP, population, oil price, and number of vehicles) are tested. The future transport energy demand can then be forecast based on the application of the growth rate of effective parameters on the models. The future trends of independent variables have been predicted based on the historical data from 1980 using a regression method. Using the forecast of independent variables, the energy demand has been forecasted for period of 2010 to 2030. In terms of the forecasts generated, the models show two different trends despite their performances being at the same level during the model-test period. Although, the results from the regression models show a uniform increase with different slopes corresponding to different models for energy demand in the near future, the results from ANN express no significant change in demand in same time frame. Increased sensitivity of the ANN models to the recent fluctuations caused by the economic recession may be the reason for the differences with the regression models which predict based on the total long-term trends. Although a small increase in the energy demand in the transportation sector of the United States has been predicted by the models, additional factors need to be considered regarding future energy policy. For example, the United States may choose to reduce energy consumption in order to reduce CO2 emissions and meet its national and international commitments, or large increases in fuel efficiency may reduce petroleum demand.

Mandates and Policy Outputs: U.S. Party Platforms and Federal Expenditures

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Budge ◽  
Richard I. Hofferbert
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Special Interests ◽  
Subject Categories ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Federal Expenditure ◽  
The U.S

Political parties in the United States are usually regarded as too weak and decentralized, too much the prey of office-seeking politicians and special interests, to function effectively as programmatic., policy-effecting agents within the separation of powers. This has been taken as a serious flaw in the U.S. version of representative democracy, prompting cycles of proposed reform; criticisms of the existing set-up as a capitalistic sham; or alternative justifications of the system as pluralist rather than strictly party democracy. Our research challenges these assumptions by demonstrating the existence of strong links between postwar (1948–1985) election platforms and governmental outputs. Platforms' sentences, coded into one of 54 subject categories, are used as indicators of programmatic emphases and are related to corresponding federal expenditure shares. Resulting regression models demonstrate the full applicability of party mandate theory to the United States, and they operationalize its U.S. variants concretely.

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