scholarly journals The population, its health and social sciences

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophy Bergenheim
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Health ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Final Section ◽  
History Of Public Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Approach

This commentary provides a glimpse into a conceptual history approach to the topic of public health. I focus primarily on the history of public health during the first half of the 20th century. I will also reflect on its entanglement with the social sciences in later times. The first two sections discuss three core elements of the concept of public health: the “public” or collective that the term refers to, “health”, and finally, “public health” as “health of a collective”. These elements are historical and political concepts, which means that they do not have a fixed definition, but need to be placed in their historical and political contexts. In the final section, I discuss some connections between social science and public health during the 20th century.

Problems, Crises, Events and Social Change: Theory and Illustrations

2009 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 137-146
Author(s):  
Constance A. Nathanson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Change ◽  
Change Theory ◽  
Sociological Analysis ◽  
History Of Public Health ◽  
Charles Tilly ◽  
Historical Processes ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Change Theory

This paper proposes a theory-based approach to the understanding of social change and illustrates that theory with examples from the history and politics of public health. Based in large part on the work of anthropologist Marshall Sahlins (see in particular his Islands of History published in (1985) William Sewell Jr. has proposed an ‘eventful sociology.’ In this work ‘event’ is a term of art meaning occurrences in human affairs that result in social change. Sewell's approach and that of Charles Tilly are in many respects complementary, a major difference being Sewell's far greater emphasis on meaning and interpretation by engaged actors as essential to understanding of how historical processes unfold. In this paper I further elaborate Sahlins’ and Sewell's ideas, first by showing their connection with concepts that may be more familiar to sociologists and, second, by examining the contingent character of social change. Drawing on my own research on the history of public health, I argue that the transformation of ‘happenings’ into events and of events into meaningful social change are highly contingent on the social and political context within which these events occur. More generally, I hope to show that ‘eventful’ sociology is an exciting and productive approach to sociological analysis.

scholarly journals The Foundations of N.K. Mikhailovsky's Theory. Formation of “Subjective Sociology”, Late 1860s – mid-1870s

2021 ◽  
Vol V (2) ◽  
pp. 55-78
Author(s):  
Andrey Teslya
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Theory ◽  
Russian Empire ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
The Public ◽  
Special Analysis ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The One

Nikolai Konstantinovich Mikhaylovsky (1842–1904) is one of the most well-known and influential Russian publicists of the last third of the 19th and the beginning of 20th century, ideologist of the Narodniki movement, the author of the conception known as “subjective sociology” and the editor of journal Russian wealth at the end of his life. Yet, while his role in the history of Russian social movement or literary-aesthetic views have been quite fully studied, his social theory has rarely become the object of the special analysis during the last century. On the one hand, it was shadowed by the theories which appeared earlier and had more influence even abroad (outside the Russian empire) as, for example, the ideas of Herzen, Bakunin, Chernyshevsky, Lavrov. On the other hand, Mikhaylovsky, who was severely criticized by Russian social democrats in 1894–1901, was perceived as a rather weak theorist. In this article, we demonstrate the essential differences between the early conceptual advances of Mikhaylovsky and P.L. Lavrov and assert that the conception of the former was influenced both by the rethinking of the Darwinism from a viewpoint of understanding of nature and by the conclusions for social theory. Unlike Lavrov, Mikhaylovsky, as well as Herzen, was an advocate of non-teleological understanding of progress and favored the interpretation of history as logical yet free from strict determinism. In conclusion, Mikhaylovsky’s opinion about the society, which was formed at the end of 1860s – first quarter of 1870s, appears as a quite consistent and elaborated system, an answer to the theoretical challenges. Firstly, on the part of the Darwinism and the attempt to apply it to the analysis of the society. Secondly, on the part of the organicism. Lastly, we give an interpretation to the decline of the public interest to the social theory of Mikhaylovsky at the end of the 19th – beginning of 20th century.

scholarly journals Disease, Medicine, and Health

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Armus ◽  
Adrián López Denis
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Historical Study ◽  
History Of Public Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of Disease ◽  
Medicine History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Public Health Institutions ◽  
Health Institutions

This article focuses on three overlapping trends in the historical study of human responses to illness, labeled as “new history of medicine, history of public health, and sociocultural history of disease.” The topics range from colonial epidemiology and pharmacopoeia to twentieth-century public health institutions and urban hygiene. But a consistent focus on the social, cultural, and symbolic components of diseases and cures unifies this historiography and distinguishes it from the narrower scope of the long-established field of the history of medicine.

scholarly journals ANDEH SETIA: Women's Economic Mobilizer in Sulit Air in Early 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Addi Arrahman
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Economic Independence ◽  
The People ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Approach

<p><em>Weaving handicrafts became the motor Minangkabau's economy at the beginning of the 20th. It encouraged the establishment of weaving centers, such as Amai Setia (1911) and Andeh Setia (1912). Amai Setia handicrafts' are still standing strong nowadays, while Andeh Setia is thus no longer known by the people of Sulit Air today. This paper uses the social history approach and exposes the history of the emergence and fall of Andeh Setia as an economic movement in Sulit Air. The establishment of Andeh Setia is inseparable from the role of ninik mamak and women in Sulit Air. Andeh Setia's success was ultimately drowned due to the loss of driving figures, the reduction in women's interest in weaving crafts, and the overflow of merantau. This finding also suggests that the economic independence of the people in Sulit Air, depends heavily on the role of </em>perantau<em>. This situation is thus an obstacle to the realization of economic independence. </em></p><p> </p><p>Kerajinan tenun menjadi penggerak perekonomian di Minangkabau pada awal ke-20. Ini mendorong terbentuknya pusat kerajaninan tenun, seperti Amai Setia (1911) dan Andeh Setia (1912). Kerajinan Amai Setia hingga saat ini masih dapat ditemukan, sedangkan Andeh Setia justeru tidak dikenal lagi oleh masyarakat Sulit Air hari ini. Padahal, pada tahun 1912, kualitas tenun Andeh Setia sangat diminati pasar. Itulah sebabnya, Andeh Setia menjadi penggerak ekonomi perempuan di Sulit Air. Artikel ini juga menemukan bahwa sebab hilangnya Andeh Setia adalah karena kehilangan tokoh penggerak, menurunnya minat kaum perempuan terhadap kerajinan tenun, dan menguatnya arus merantau.</p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Rediscovering the 1%: Knowledge Infrastructures and the Stylized Facts of Inequality

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Hirschman
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
United States ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Sociology Of Science ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Knowledge ◽  
Stylized Facts ◽  
The Public ◽  
Top Incomes ◽  
The Social

In the 2000s, newly-analyzed tax data revealed that top incomes in the United States had begun a dramatic upward climb in the early 1980s, summarized as the rise of “the 1%.” This article explains why it took two decades for this increase to become salient. Drawing on insights from the history and sociology of science, I argue that the social sciences rely on knowledge infrastructures to monitor trends and identify stylized facts. These infrastructures collect, process, and distribute data in ways that channel sustained attention to particular problems while rendering other potential observations out of focus. Knowledge infrastructures, like other infrastructures, have significant inertia: initial design choices that followed from particular theoretical, political, and practical priorities become locked in and shape the kinds of data readily available to future researchers. Using this framework, I show how the dominant economic knowledge infrastructures constructed in the mid-20th century were incapable of tracking top incomes, creating the conditions under which experts, policymakers, and the public alike could be surprised by the rediscovery of the 1%.

scholarly journals Histories and Historians in Israel & Palestine

2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Pappe
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Media Culture ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Challenging Tasks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Epistemological Understanding ◽  
The One

One of the most obvious reasons why historians — both professional and academic — find it difficult to challenge hegemonic narratives is psychological. No one wants to be a pariah in their own society by running against the mainstream and finding themselves in an isolated position. But I think there’s a deeper level to why historians have found it so difficult (maybe unlike some of their colleagues in the social sciences) to provide narratives which challenge the one which dominates their society’s media, culture and academia. And that reason, I think, is that challenging historiographical mythology is not just about facts, it’s also about rethinking the role of the historian. It is about being able to update oneself on developments in historiography and even (which is perhaps more difficult I think for historians) in philosophy. This focuses the question on what is reality, what is fiction, what is myth, and what is a fact. I found that one of the most challenging tasks in dealing with the history of my own country, both for Jewish and Palestinian historians, was not just to provide a different narrative to the one that prevails, but also to be able to tie in the concrete discussion with a more epistemological understanding of what history is and how history is received by the public at large.

Challenges and Opportunities in Documenting the Recent History of Public Health: The Health of Bristol after 1948

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 641-658
Author(s):  
David Evans
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Local Government ◽  
History Of Public Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
The City

Summary How do you find the sources to write the history of the health of a city, particularly for the late twentieth century and into the digital age? This article explores this challenge in the case of the city of Bristol in the United Kingdom during the period from the creation of the National Health Service (NHS) in 1948, through the transfer of the public health function from local government to the NHS in 1974 and up until the return of public health back to local government in 2013. The aims of the article are to scope the extant paper and digital official and academic documentary sources for the history of public health in the city, to critically assess the availability and completeness of the sources and to reflect on the challenges and opportunities of integrating earlier paper records with more recent digital ones.

scholarly journals Coccidioidomycosis: Medical and Spatio-Temporal Perspectives

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 24
Author(s):  
Nikias Sarafoglou ◽  
Rafael Laniado-Laborin ◽  
Menas Kafatos
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Atmospheric Science ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Insight Into

Coccidioidomycosis (CM) is a disease of major public health importance due to the challenges in its diagnosis and treatment. To understand CM requires the attributes of a multidisciplinary network analysis to appreciate the complexity of the medical, the environmental and the social issues involved: public health, public policy, geology, atmospheric science, agronomy, social sciences and finally humanities, all which provide insight into this population transformation.In section 1 of this paper, we describe the CM-epidemiology, the clinical features, the diagnosis and finally the treatment.In section 2, we highlight the most important contributions and controversies in the history of the CM-research by using scientometric or bibliometric evaluations of research that are based on Garfield’s work (Garfield.library.upenn.edu) on the propagation of scientific thinking.

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