Immigrant perceptions of the police

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuning Wu ◽  
Ivan Y Sun ◽  
Liqun Cao
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Attitudes Toward The Police ◽  
Residents Attitudes ◽  
Sources Of Influence

A notable limitation among existing studies on immigrant perceptions of the police is the lack of a guiding theoretical framework in data analyses. This article delineates the theoretical perspectives that may explain group differential views on the police between immigrants and non-immigrants, and among immigrant groups. In particular, we formulate a new conceptual framework for classifying these theories. Theories are first organized by the two sources of influence that immigrant attitudes toward the police are subject to: universal factors that tend to shape all residents’ attitudes toward the police, and group-specific factors that apply only to foreign-born individuals. Then within both universal and immigrant-specific factors, there are four subcategories of demographic, experiential, structural, and attitudinal variables. Recommendations for future research are included.

scholarly journals Financing Decisions in Family Businesses: A Review and Suggestions for Developing the Field

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneleen Michiels ◽  
Vincent Molly
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Financing Decisions ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Business Financing

Motivated by the growing attention to the financing decisions of family firms, this review brings together the two highly relevant research fields of family business and finance. This study critically reviews 131 articles on financing decisions in family businesses, published between 1977 and 2016 in 64 finance and management journals. We develop a state of the art on family business financing literature and present a model to guide extant and future research by identifying gaps across the theoretical perspectives and across context-specific elements such as family business heterogeneity and country-specific factors.

scholarly journals Conceptual Framework on Workplace Deviance Behaviour: A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 218-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanimozhi Narayanan ◽  
Susan E. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Organizational Climate ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Common Ground ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Workplace Deviance ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Setting ◽  
Cross National

This article aims to highlight the importance of organizational climate with both destructive and constructive deviance behaviour in different cultural setting with workplace as a common ground. First, we discuss the need for research in workplace deviance especially destructive and constructive deviance behaviour with the review of previous studies from deviance literature. Next, we present the importance of climate and culture with both destructive and constructive deviance by proposing relationship among them with the help of a framework. The presented theoretical framework can be useful for conducting future empirical research. Finally, we present the conclusion and future research in conducting cross-national research with respect to deviance.

scholarly journals Mediated Skewed Diffusion of Issues Information: A Theory

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 205630511880031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bree McEwan ◽  
Christopher J. Carpenter ◽  
Jill E. Hopke
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Media Ecology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Interpersonal Processes ◽  
Media Environment ◽  
Societal Issues ◽  
Modern Media ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Media

The modern media ecology has changed drastically over the last decade yet scholarly theoretical perspectives lag behind lay theories regarding news diffusion making it difficult to fully articulate and understand the processes driving dissemination of information and persuasion across networks and media contexts. The proposed theoretical framework takes into account extant research on the multiple mechanisms, specifically, cognitive ego involvement, the media environment, and interpersonal processes that operate in concert to influence the way information about societal issues is diffused through digital communication channels. The theoretical framework of mediated skewed diffusion of issues information provides 11 testable propositions. These are put forth to provide a foundation and encourage future research on information dissemination, online persuasion, and position polarization.

Fearfulness in the Community: Empirical Assessments of Influential Factors

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 562-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis D. Boateng
Keyword(s):  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Influential Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Attitudes Toward The Police ◽  
Residents Attitudes ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Neighborhood Level

Fear of crime has been well studied; however, there has yet not been widespread consideration of the potential impact of both individual- and neighborhood-level factors on residents’ level of fear of crime. From a logistic-regression analytical standpoint, the present study empirically explores the contribution of several factors in explaining residents’ propensity for being fearful of crime. Precisely, the study tests the applicability and generalizability of three theoretical perspectives of fear of crime in the Ghanaian context and examines the effects of residents’ attitudes toward the police on their levels of fear of crime. Using large-scale cross-sectional data collected on more than 1,000 residents from 25 neighborhoods in Ghana, the results demonstrate significant predictive effects of both individual- and neighborhood-level factors on citizens’ rate of fearfulness. Findings from this study have both theoretical and practical implications, and provide important insights for the police to reduce levels of fear of crime in the community.

Immigrant Perceptions of the Police: The Role of Country of Origin and Length of Settlement

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 1370-1389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Jung ◽  
Jane B Sprott ◽  
Carolyn Greene
Keyword(s):  
Recent Work ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Country Of Origin ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Foreign Born ◽  
Immigrant Populations ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Trust In Police

AbstractRelationships between police and minority groups have been shown to be strained with members of these groups often viewing police in a more negative light. Distinguishing between minority group and immigrant populations, more recent work has shown that foreign-born individuals are more likely to view the police in a more favourable light than native-born populations. Adding to this literature, we examine group-specific factors that shape foreign-born individuals’ views of the police. We find that country of origin and length of settlement are important factors in better understanding immigrants’ perceptions of the police. The study concludes with a discussion of trust in police and recommendations for future research.

Towards a Theoretical Framework for Creative Participation

2011 ◽  
pp. 84-103
Author(s):  
Natalya Sergeeva ◽  
Milan Radosavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Personality Types ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Creativity And Innovation ◽  
Willingness To Contribute

To retain competitiveness, succeed and flourish, organizations are forced to continuously innovate. This drive for innovation is not solely limited to product/process innovation but more profoundly relates to a continuous process of improving how organizations work internally, requiring a constant stream of ideas and suggestions from motivated employees. This chapter investigates some recent developments and proposes a conceptual framework for creative participation as a personality driven interface between creativity and innovation. Under the assumption that employees’ intrinsic willingness to contribute novel ideas and solutions requires a set of personal characteristics and necessary skills that might well be unique to each organizational unit, the chapter then explores personal characteristics associated with creativity, innovation and innovative behavior. Various studies on the correlation between creativity and personality types are also reviewed. The chapter provides a discussion of solutions and future development together with recommendations for the future research.

scholarly journals Towards a Comprehensive View of Object-Oriented Play

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth R. Wynberg ◽  
Annerieke Boland ◽  
Maartje E. J. Raijmakers ◽  
Chiel van der Veen
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Early Childhood Education ◽  
Theoretical Perspective ◽  
Object Oriented ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Developmental Trajectory ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Starting Point

AbstractThe exploration and/or manipulation of objects and materials, referred to as object-oriented play (OOP), is one of the most prominent activities children engage in during early childhood. Especially within early childhood education, it is important to be able to assess and understand OOP, its developmental trajectory, and developmental value. This can support early childhood educators to successfully guide or enrich children’s OOP, so it becomes a context in which learning can take place. During the past decades, three dominant theoretical perspectives have explained and assessed certain (developmental) aspects of OOP: (1) genetic epistemology, (2) cultural historical psychology, and (3) evolutionary psychology. After reviewing the literature concerning OOP according to each theoretical perspective, this paper aims to synthesize these existing theories into a unified theoretical framework. This theoretical framework can be a starting point for future research on OOP in early childhood (education). We answer the following research questions: Q1. What are the defining labels and features of the exploration and/or manipulation of objects and materials by children in early childhood?; Q2. What is the developmental trajectory of the exploration and/or manipulation of objects and materials by children in early childhood?; Q3. What is the developmental value of the exploration and/or manipulation of objects and materials by children in early childhood?

scholarly journals Entrepreneurial Framing: A Literature Review and Future Research Directions

2021 ◽  
pp. 104225872110003
Author(s):  
Yuliya Snihur ◽  
Llewellyn D. W. Thomas ◽  
Raghu Garud ◽  
Nelson Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

There is increasing recognition among scholars that entrepreneurs use framing to legitimize their ventures and the broader fields within which they operate. Yet, there is no unifying framework to bring together existing theoretical perspectives on entrepreneurial framing and to make sense of their underlying mechanisms. Based on an integrative review of prior studies, we propose a conceptual framework for organizing this important literature. Our review also suggests directions for future research on entrepreneurial framing.

Focused Tasks, Mental Actions and Second Language Learning. Cognitive and Connectionist Accounts of Task Effectiveness

2006 ◽  
Vol 152 ◽  
pp. 35-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Machteld Moonen ◽  
Rick de Graaff ◽  
Gerard Westhoff
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Language Learning ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Processes ◽  
Second Language Learning ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Depth Of Processing ◽  
Mental Actions ◽  
Involvement Load Hypothesis

Abstract This paper presents a theoretical framework to estimate the effectiveness of second language tasks in which the focus is on the acquisition of new linguistic items, such as vocabulary or grammar, the so-called focused tasks (R. Ellis, 2003). What accounts for the learning impact offocused tasks? We shall argue that the task-based approach (e.g. Skehan, 1998, Robinson, 2001) does not provide an in-depth account of how cognitive processes, elicited by a task, foster the acquisition of new linguistic elements. We shall then review the typologies of cognitive processes derived from research on learning strategies (Chamot & O'Malley, 1994), from the involvement load hypothesis (Laufer & Hulstijn, 2001), from the depth of processing hypothesis (Craik & Lockhart, 1972) and from connectionism (e.g Broeder & Plunkett, 1997; N. Ellis, 2003). The combined insights of these typologies form the basis of the multi-feature hypothesis, which predicts that retention and ease of activation of new linguistic items are improved by mental actions which involve a wide variety of different features, simultaneously and frequently. A number of implications for future research shall be discussed.

The Conceptual Framework: Growth, Institutions, and Social Orders

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Lorenzo Capussela
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Institutional Economics ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Institutional Reforms ◽  
Reversible Process ◽  
Main Determinant ◽  
Social Orders

This chapter lays out one part of the theoretical framework of the book, drawn from institutional economics. This literature maintains that institutions are the main determinant of long-term growth, and that to remain ‘appropriate’ institutions must evolve in synchrony with an economy’s progress through the stages of its development. Their evolution depends on a society’s openness to political creative destruction. Limited-access social orders tend to constrain it, to safeguard elites’ rents, and typically undermine progressive institutional reforms, breaking that synchrony. The transition from that social order to the open-access one is an endogenous and reversible process, in which inefficient institutions, which allow elites to extract rents, coexist with appropriate ones, which constrain their power and make it contestable. The hypothesis is advanced that Italy has not yet completed this transition, and that the tension between its efficient and inefficient institutions can endogenously generate shocks, which open opportunities for equilibrium shifts.

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