scholarly journals Professionals, purpose-seekers, and passers-through: How microworkers reconcile alienation and platform commitment through identity work

2021 ◽  
pp. 146144482110568
Author(s):  
Eliane Bucher ◽  
Christian Fieseler ◽  
Christoph Lutz ◽  
Alexander Buhmann
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Subjective Perceptions ◽  
Digital Labor ◽  
Labor Literature ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Qualitative Analyses

Digital microwork consists of remote and highly decontextualized labor that is increasingly governed by algorithms. The anonymity and granularity of such work is likely to cause alienation among workers. To date, we know little about how workers reconcile such potential feelings of alienation with their simultaneous commitment to the platform. Based on a longitudinal survey of 460 workers on a large microworking platform and a combination of quantitative and qualitative analyses, we show that (1) alienation is present in digital microwork. However, our study also finds that (2) workers’ commitment to the platform over time may alter their subjective perceptions of alienation. Drawing from qualitative statements, we show (3) how workers perform identity work that might help reconcile feelings of alienation with simultaneous platform commitment. Our findings contribute to solving the paradox of worker commitment to precarious platform labor, which is an issue frequently raised in the digital labor literature.

scholarly journals Economic Conditions at School Leaving and Sleep Patterns Across the Life Course

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Catherine Maclean ◽  
Terrence D. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Instrumental Variables ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Economic Conditions ◽  
Economic Downturn ◽  
Sleep Quantity ◽  
Quality Sleep ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Work Type

Abstract We use data drawn from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 Cohort to study the effects of leaving school in an economic downturn on sleep quality and quantity. We account for the potential endogeneity of economic conditions at school leaving using instrumental variables based on birth year and early state of residence. We find that men who leave school in an economic downturn initially experience lower quality sleep, but these men are able to experience improved sleep quality over time. Women who leave school in an economic downturn experience better sleep quality, although the effect emerges over time. We find that leaving school in an economic downturn increases sleep quantity among men and women. We document heterogeneity by work type.

Trajectories of Sport Participation Among Children and Adolescents Across Different Socio-Economic Categories: Multilevel Findings From the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 264-268
Author(s):  
Tom Perks
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Sport Participation ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
National Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Over Time

Building upon prior theoretical and empirical work, this study explores the sport participation trajectories of children across different socio-economic status (SES) categories to assess the possibility of changes in the SES-sport participation relationship as children age. Using representative panel data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Children and Youth, a multilevel analysis of 4,858 children aged 6 to 9 suggests that as children age the SES effect on sport participation persists over time. However, the SES effect on sport participation appears to have relatively small predictive import compared to other factors.

scholarly journals Belief in COVID-19 Conspiracy Theories Reduces Social Distancing over Time

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kinga Bierwiaczonek ◽  
Jonas R. Kunst ◽  
Olivia Pich
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Wide Spread ◽  
Conspiracy Theories ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Longitudinal Survey Data ◽  
Distance Methods ◽  
Conspiracy Beliefs ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Over Time

Background Conspiracy theories about the origins of COVID-19 are wide-spread and have even been propagated by highly ranked state officials and politicians in the U.S. Health authorities have cautioned that such theories, although not questioning the existence of the pandemic, may increase the spread of the virus by reducing people’s efforts to socially distance. Methods We test this proposition empirically using longitudinal survey data collected at five time points during the early outbreak of the virus in the U.S. (N = 403). ResultsMultivariate growth curve analyses showed that, although conspiracy beliefs decreased and social distancing increased over time, people holding more conspiracy beliefs at the beginning of the pandemic showed the lowest increase in social distancing. Moreover, cross-lagged analyses demonstrated that people who reported more conspiracy beliefs at any wave tended to report less social distancing at the following wave. ConclusionsOur findings show that COVID-19 conspiracy theories pose a significant threat to public health as they may reduce adherence to social distancing measures.Keywords Conspiracy theories, COVID-19, social distancing, longitudinal

scholarly journals The Evolution of Household Income Volatility

2012 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Dynan ◽  
Douglas Elmendorf ◽  
Daniel Sichel
Keyword(s):  
Great Recession ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Income Volatility ◽  
Transfer Payments ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Labor Earnings ◽  
Run Up ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Using a representative longitudinal survey of U.S. households, we find that household income became noticeably more volatile between the early 1970s and the late 2000s despite the moderation seen in aggregate economic activity during this period. We estimate that the standard deviation of percent changes in household income rose about 30 percent between 1971 and 2008. This widening in the distribution of percent changes was concentrated in the tails. The share of households experiencing a 50 percent plunge in income over a two-year period climbed from about 7 percent in the early 1970s to more than 12 percent in the early 2000s before retreating to 10 percent in the run-up to the Great Recession. Households’ labor earnings and transfer payments have both become more volatile over time. As best we can tell, the rise in the volatility of men’s earnings appears to owe both to greater volatility in earnings per hour and in hours worked.

scholarly journals Identity Paradoxes: How Senior Managers and Employees Negotiate Similarity and Distinctiveness Tensions over Time

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 489-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suresh Cuganesan
Keyword(s):  
Identity Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Positive Outcomes ◽  
Longitudinal Case Study ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Police Organization ◽  
Cyclical Process ◽  
Over Time

Employee identity is shaped by a need to feel similarity to, as well as distinctiveness from, others in organizations. While this paradoxical tension is important we know little about how it is managed over time, especially when senior managers prioritize one element of the paradox over the other. Consequently I investigate how senior managers and employees negotiate the similarity–distinctiveness identity paradox over time, doing so through a longitudinal case study of a police organization undergoing change. The study contributes to prior paradox literature in two significant ways. First, it reveals how senior managers and employees negotiate tensions in employee identity between similarity and distinctiveness as an emergent and cyclical process of identity regulation and heterogeneous identity work. This shows how the balance between similarity and distinctiveness is both elusive to achieve for all organizational participants and difficult to sustain over time. Second, it highlights how defensive approaches to identity paradox may lead to positive outcomes, with this contingent on organizational participants’ ability to make strong claims about the importance of the paradox element they favour for the organization’s future.

scholarly journals Influence of new late effects on quality of life over time in Hodgkin lymphoma Survivors: a longitudinal survey study

2013 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 226-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Khimani ◽  
Y.-H. Chen ◽  
P.M. Mauch ◽  
C. Recklitis ◽  
L. Diller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Hodgkin Lymphoma ◽  
Late Effects ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Lymphoma Survivors ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals The Barrier to Vaccination Is Not Vaccine Hesitancy: Patterns of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance over the Course of the Pandemic in 23 Countries

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ammina Kothari ◽  
Gerit Pfuhl ◽  
David Schieferdecker ◽  
Casey Taggart Harris ◽  
Caitlin Tidwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
The World ◽  
Main Barrier ◽  
Actual Vaccine ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Intent To Vaccinate

AbstractBackgroundAt present, evidence is inconclusive regarding what factors influence vaccine intent, and whether there are widespread disparities across populations and time. The current study provides new insights regarding vaccine intent and potential differences across 23 countries and over time.MethodsOur data come from a unique longitudinal survey that contains responses from Facebook users (N=1,425,172) from the 23 countries from four continents collected in 18 waves from July 2020 through March 2021.ResultsWe find that vaccine intent varies significantly across countries and over time. Across countries, there are notable disparities in intent to vaccinate. Regarding time, intent has recently reached an all-time high. Our data demonstrates that intent to vaccinate has increased as countries have deployed vaccines on larger scales with undecidedness declining. However, there are some countries where vaccine intent is stagnant and in one country – Egypt – where it seems to have declined.InterpretationsLarge numbers of citizens across the world are willing to get vaccinated. In the vast majority of countries in our sample, these were high enough to reach more conservative levels of herd immunity1 if combined with numbers of persons already infected. As such, the main barrier to vaccination is not vaccine hesitancy, but the shortage of vaccines. This sends a clear message to politicians who need to work on a quick and fair distribution of vaccine; and to scientists who need to focus their attention on understanding remaining pockets of vaccine skepticism or undecidedness and on factors that explain actual vaccine behavior, rather than intent.

scholarly journals Maintenance or Change? Examining the Reinforcing Spiral Between Social Media News Use and Populist Attitudes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandy Schumann ◽  
Fabian Thomas ◽  
Franziska Ehrke ◽  
Tisa Bertlich ◽  
Julia Christina Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Extreme Position ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Attitude Polarization ◽  
News Source ◽  
Over Time ◽  
News Use

Citizens around the world increasingly express support for populism. Here, we apply the reinforcing spirals model to examine whether, and how, social media news use shapes populist attitudes over time. Specifically, we assess if using social media as a news source serves to maintain existing populist attitudes or facilitates a shift in attitudes to a more extreme position. A cross-sectional survey (N1 = 195) highlighted a positive correlation between social media news use and populist attitudes. A four-wave longitudinal survey (N2 = 386) further showed that this relationship reflects media and selection effects. Over a period of three months, more frequent social media news use predicted stronger populist attitudes at subsequent measuring points. In addition, higher levels of populist attitudes were related to more frequent social media news consumption in the following waves. However, the frequency of social media news use did not change over time and populist attitudes did not become stronger during the study period. Taken together, the findings indicate that social media news use contributed to the maintenance of populist attitudes at a stable level. There is no evidence to suggest social media news use predicted more extreme populist attitudes. We discuss these results with respect to the (potentially continued) rise of populism; we also critically reflect on the phenomenon of attitude polarization online.

scholarly journals The dynamic relationship between valuing diversity and intergroup contact: is valuing diversity a precursor to contact and mediator of diverse contact effects?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Wallrich ◽  
Keon West ◽  
Adam Rutland
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Relations ◽  
Behavioral Intentions ◽  
Intergroup Contact ◽  
Longitudinal Survey ◽  
Policy Support ◽  
Dynamic Relationship ◽  
Longitudinal Survey Data ◽  
Prejudice And Discrimination ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Valuing Diversity

Valuing diversity and intergroup contact predict less prejudice and discrimination, yet their relationship deserves closer attention. The evidence suggests that valuing diversity and (interest in) intergroup contact are associated, but the directionality is not clear, and it has not been tested whether the established effects of contact come about through changes in valuing diversity. We address this in three studies. In Study 1 (N = 211), using longitudinal survey data, both positive and negative contact affected the value placed on diversity over time, while valuing diversity did not significantly predict the frequency of future contact. Studies 2 (N = 224) and 3 (N = 2,618) consequently considered valuing diversity as a mediator and showed that it mediates the relationships of intergroup contact with prejudice, behavioral intentions, and policy support. Our results increase the understanding of pathways from intergroup contact to intergroup relations and offer a lever that contact interventions can target.

scholarly journals The Dynamics of (De)Stigmatization: Boundary construction in the nascent category of organic farming

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 993-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjo Siltaoja ◽  
Merja Lähdesmaki ◽  
Nina Granqvist ◽  
Sami Kurki ◽  
Petteri Puska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Farming ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Identity Work ◽  
Power Struggle ◽  
The Core ◽  
Farming Community ◽  
External Power ◽  
Boundary Construction ◽  
Over Time

This study finds that it is possible for organizations in emerging categories to resist stigmatization through discursive reconstruction of the central and distinctive characteristics of the category in question. We examined the emerging market of organic farming in Finland and discovered how resistance to stigmatization was both an internal and an external power struggle in the organic farming community. Over time, the label of organic farming was manipulated and the practice of farming was associated with more conventional and familiar contexts, while the stigma was diverted at the same time to biodynamic farming. We develop a process model for removal of stigma from a nascent category through stigma diversion. We find that stigma diversion forces the core community to (re)define themselves in relation to the excluded community and the mainstream. We also discuss how notoriety can be an individuating phenomenon that helps categorical members conduct identity work and contributes to stigma removal.

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