scholarly journals Gastrointestinal Tolerability of Ibuprofen Compared with Paracetamol and Aspirin at Over-the-Counter Doses

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Rampal ◽  
N Moore ◽  
E Van Ganse ◽  
J-M Le Parc ◽  
R Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Parallel Group Study ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tolerability ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

This multicentre, randomized, investigator-blinded, parallel-group study compared the gastrointestinal (GI) tolerability of ibuprofen, paracetamol and aspirin at over-the-counter doses for common pain indications. Patients (of whom 8633 were evaluable) took either ibuprofen up to 1200 mg daily, or paracetamol or aspirin, each up to 3000 mg daily, for 1–7 days. The main outcome was the proportion of patients with GI adverse events. There were significantly more patients who suffered GI adverse events, principally abdominal pain, dyspepsia, nausea and diarrhoea, with aspirin (18.5%) than with ibuprofen (11.5%), but the difference between ibuprofen and paracetamol (13.1%) was not significant. Significantly more of those patients with a history of non-ulcer GI disease ( n = 371) developed GI adverse events than did those with no such history; the incidence of GI adverse events in both groups was lowest with ibuprofen. More women than men experienced GI adverse events (15.5% versus 12.8%). The higher incidence of GI adverse events with aspirin was evident from the first day of treatment. In conclusion, the GI tolerability of ibuprofen, at over-the-counter doses of up to 1200 mg daily for up to 7 days, was at least as good as that of paracetamol and significantly better than that of aspirin.

P007 CROHN’S DISEASE: PREDICTORS OF HOSPITAL DISPOSITION AND COSTS USING DEMOGRAPHIC, CLINICAL, AND TREATMENT DATA

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S48-S48
Author(s):  
Hartman Brunt ◽  
Mason Adams ◽  
Michael Barker ◽  
Diana Hamer ◽  
J C Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Total Charges

Abstract Purpose Crohn’s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) caused by an abnormal immune response to intestinal microbes in a genetically susceptible host. The objective of this cohort analysis is to compare demographic characteristics, cost difference, and treatment modalities between patients who were discharged from the Emergency Department (ED) and those who were admitted to the hospital. Methods This study is a retrospective chart review of adult patients diagnosed with CD who were discharged from the ED and those who were admitted to the hospital between January 1, 2014 and January 1, 2017. We compared demographic and clinical characteristics as well as total charges incurred by these patients. A chi square test of independence and a Mann Whitney U-Test were used to compare categorical variables. Linear and logistic regression analyses were utilized to identify predictors of hospitalization and total charges. Results Of a total 195 patients, 97 were discharged from the ED and 98 were admitted to the hospital (Table 1). Patients who presented with fever, nausea/vomiting, or abdominal pain or who had a history of a fistula or stenosis were more likely to be hospitalized, as were patients who presented on steroids, 5-ASA compounds, or narcotics (Table 2). A logistic regression adjusted for these factors showed patients presenting with abdominal pain (OR=0.239, 95% CI 0.07 – 0.77) are less likely, while patients presenting with fever (OR=7.0, 95% CI 1.9 – 24.5) and history of stenosis (OR=17.8, 95% CI 5.7 – 55.9) are more likely to have a hospital admission. An increase in age and white blood cell count was associated with an increase in likelihood of admission (OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.01 – 1.07 and OR=1.2, 95% CI 1.1 – 1.4), while an increase in HGB was associated with a decrease in likelihood of admission (OR=0.682, 95% CI 0.55 – 0.83). Patients on 5-ASA compounds had the strongest association with hospital admission (OR=4.5, 95% CI 1.03 – 20.4). A linear regression analysis predicting total charges of hospitalization identified an increase of $37,500 (95% CI 6,600 – 68,489) for obese patients and of $29,000 (95% CI 20 – 57,000) for patients on narcotics prior to hospitalization. Notably, blacks were on average 6 years younger than whites (μ=36.2, st.d.=13.2 v μ=42.7, st.d.=18.2, p=0.031, respectively). No other differences in presentation or outcomes of CD were identified between these races. Conclusion This study describes the difference between CD patients who were admitted to the hospital compared to those who were discharged from the ED. The impact that 5-ASA compound, steroid, and narcotic use prior to presentation has on hospital admission and charges highlights the need for consistent outpatient care to manage the symptoms and disease progression in patients with CD in Baton Rouge. The difference in age at presentation between blacks and whites should also be considered in future research.

scholarly journals Improvement of defecation in healthy individuals with infrequent bowel movements through the ingestion of dried Mozuku powder: a randomized, double-blind, parallel-group study

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 735
Author(s):  
Masaki Matayoshi ◽  
Junjiro Teruya ◽  
Mina Yasumoto-Hirose ◽  
Ryuji Teruya ◽  
Naoki Miura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Placebo Group ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Bowel Movement ◽  
Intestinal Function ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Blood Tests ◽  
Parallel Group Study ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Bowel Movements

Background: Okinawa mozuku (Cladosiphon okamuranu) is a type of edible seaweed of the family Chordariaceae that typically contains the polysaccharide fucoidan as a functional ingredient. In Okinawa, raw mozuku is eaten as vinegared mozuku together with vinegar or as tempura (deep-fried in batter). Polysaccharides such as fucoidan are generally known to regulate intestinal function, which is why we have used Okinawa mozuku to investigate this intestinal regulatory effect.Methods: The study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, parallel group study. Dried Okinawa mozuku powder at a dose of 2.4 g/day (1.0 g/day of fucoidan) and a placebo not containing any dried Okinawa mozuku powder were each made into capsules and given to healthy men and women with infrequent weekly bowel movements (2–4 movements a week) to ingest for eight weeks. We then investigated changes in the defecation situation, blood tests, and adverse events. Results: In the group that ingested the capsules containing dried Okinawa mozuku powder, the number of days with a bowel movement significantly increased compared with the placebo group after four weeks of ingestion (p < 0.05). Furthermore, after eight weeks of ingestion, the same increasing trend was seen compared with the placebo group (p = 0.0964). The volume of stool also increased significantly in the dried Okinawa mozuku powder group after eight weeks compared with the placebo group. In terms of blood tests and adverse events, no adverse events occurred that were the result of the test food.Conclusions: Ingestion of Okinawa mozuku was found to have a regulatory effect on intestinal function by promoting defecation in healthy individuals with a tendency for constipation. This demonstrated that Okinawa mozuku is a functional food capable of making defecation smoother and increasing the volume of stool.Key Words: Okinawa mozuku, Cladosiphon okamuranus, fucoidan, dry powder, bowel movement, constipation

scholarly journals A Case of Supplement-Induced Hepatotoxicity

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fong-Kuei Frank Cheng ◽  
Peter Dunaway
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Medication Use ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Caucasian Male ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Specific Agent

A 45-year-old Caucasian male presented with a two-week history of jaundice and right-upper quadrant (RUQ) abdominal pain. Transaminases and biliary enzymes were markedly elevated with hyperferritinemia and mildly elevated INR. Imaging tests showed no significant abnormality. He denied prescription or over-the-counter (OTC) medication use, but he had been taking at least 9 dietary supplements for 12 months. Other causes of liver disease were excluded. His supplements were discontinued, and his liver-associated enzymes significantly markedly improved over the next 6 weeks and remained normal after one year suggesting supplement-induced hepatotoxicity. Due to the number of supplements, no specific agent could be identified as the primary cause of his liver injury. This case illustrates the importance of inquiring and educating patients of the potential harmful risks of over-the-counter medications and supplements.

Efficacy and Safety of Intravenous Acetylsalicylic Acid Lysinate Compared To Subcutaneous Sumatriptan and Parenteral Placebo in the Acute Treatment of Migraine. A Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Randomized, Multicenter, Parallel Group Study

Cephalalgia ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-588 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Events ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Efficacy Analysis ◽  
Parallel Group Study ◽  
Parallel Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lysine Acetylsalicylate ◽  
Subcutaneous Sumatriptan

Two-hundred-and-seventy-eight patients with acute migraine attacks with or without aura were treated in 17 centers with 1.8 g lysine acetylsalicylate i.v. (Aspisol®;=1 g acetylsalicylic acid), 6 mg sumatriptan s.c. or placebo using a double-blind, double-dummy, randomized, multicenter parallel group study design. Two-hundred-and-seventy-five of them fulfilled the criteria for efficacy analysis, corresponding to 119 patients treated with lysine acetylsalicylate (L-ASA), 114 with sumatriptan and 42 with placebo injections. Both treatments were highly effective compared to placebo ( p <0.0001) in decreasing headache from severe or moderate to mild or none (verbal rating scale, VRS, placebo=23.8%). Sumatriptan showed a significantly ( p=0.001) better response (91.2%) compared to L-ASA (response 73.9%). Of the patients in the L-ASA-group, 43.7% were pain-free after 2 h; 76.3% after sumatriptan and 14.3% after placebo. It took patients on average 12.6 (L-ASA), 8.2 (sumatriptan), and 19.4 h (placebo) to be able to work again. There was no significant difference between treatment groups in recurrence of headache in responders within 24 h (18.2% L-ASA, 23.1% sumatriptan, 20% placebo). Accompanying symptoms (nausea, vomiting, photophobia, phonophobia, and visual disturbances) improved with both verum treatments to a similar extent. L-ASA was significantly better tolerated than sumatriptan (adverse events L-ASA 7.6%, sumatriptan 37.8%). In conclusion, subcutaneous sumatriptan and lysine acetylsalicylate i.v. are effective treatments for patients suffering from migraine attacks. Sumatriptan is more effective, but resulted in more adverse events.

scholarly journals Is Oral Sulfate Tablet Effective and Safe for Bowel Preparation Before Colonoscopy in Elderly People 65 Years of Age and Older?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jae Hyun Kim ◽  
Yong Eun Park ◽  
Tae Oh Kim ◽  
Jongha Park ◽  
Won Moon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Polyethylene Glycol ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Patient Compliance ◽  
Bowel Preparation ◽  
Abdominal Distension ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Background Recently, a novel oral sulfate tablet (OST) has been introduced for bowel preparation before colonoscopy. However, whether elderly patients can take OST is not yet clear, as OST consists of 28 tablets. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of OST and polyethylene glycol (PEG) for bowel preparation for colonoscopy according to age. Method: We randomly divided subjects into a OST group and a PEG group and compared Boston bowel preparation score (BBPS), bubble score, patient compliance and satisfaction, and safety between the two groups according to age (under 65 years of age vs. 65 years of age and older). Results Among the 179 participants, sixty-one were 65 years of age and older. The BBPS and bubble score of the OST group were better than that of the PEG group, regardless of age. The satisfaction of the OST group was better than that the PEG group, regardless of age. The compliance was not different between the two groups, however, the OST group under 65 years of age had a higher rate of completing the dose within 2 h compared with the PEG group under 65 years of age. Adverse events including abdominal distension, abdominal pain, nausea or vomiting were not different between the two groups. Conclusion The use of OST for bowel preparation before colonoscopy is as effective and safe as PEG, and these results were consistent in elderly people 65 years of age and older.

scholarly journals Distance Visual Acuity Versus Near Visual Acuity in Amblyopia.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
masoumeh ahadi ◽  
Afsaneh Ebrahimi ◽  
Shahrokh Ramin
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Spherical Equivalent ◽  
Significant Relation ◽  
Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Snellen Chart ◽  
History Of ◽  
Near Visual Acuity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Purpose: To measure and compare distance and near visual acuity in amblyopic patients.Methods: This study was evaluated 167 patients with amblyopia between ages of 6 and 55 years. In all subjects, a comprehensive ophthalmic examination including visual acuity, refraction, slit lamp biomicroscopy, and funduscopy was performed. Distance visual acuity (DVA) was measured by Snellen chart at 4 m and near visual acuity (NVA) was measured by Snellen chart at 40 cm, and then DVA and NVA were compered and analyzed.Results:In our subjects, the mean distance and near visual acuity was 0.39± 0.30 log MAR and 0.30± 0.32 log MAR respectively. The mean NVA was 0.12±0.12 log MAR better than DVA and difference between them was statistically significant (P<0.001). In 40% of patients, there were no difference between DVA and NVA, and in 60% of them, NVA was 0.1 or more log MAR better than DVA. The difference between DVA and NVA was not significantly related with age (p=0.225), spherical equivalent (P=.820) and strabismus (P=.336) and type of amblyopia (P=.405). Although all of these subjects had subnormal DVA, but 43 subjects (26%) had normal NVA. In mild and moderate amblyopic groups, difference between DVA and NVA was 0.14±0.10 log MAR and 0.15±0.14 log MAR respectively, but in severe amblyopic group it was 0.03±0.08 log MAR. The difference between DVA and NVA showed a significant relation with severity of amblyopia (P<0.001). The difference between DVA and NVA was 0.16±0.11 log MAR in patients with history of amblyopia therapy and 0.07.± 0.11 log MAR in patients without treatment. This difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).Conclusion: Our results showed that near visual acuity in amblyopia especially in mild to moderate types was significantly better than distance visual acuity. More than 50% of subjects with mild amblyopia had normal near visual acuity. The difference between DVA and NVA showed no relation with age, spherical equivalent, strabismus, and type of amblyopia. Also, difference between the DVA and NVA in patients with history of amblyopia therapy was better than of it in non-treated subjects.

A Survey of Metrics Measuring Difference for Rooted Phylogenetic Trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 697-702
Author(s):  
Juan Wang ◽  
Xinyue Qi ◽  
Bo Cui ◽  
Maozu Guo
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Trees ◽  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Web Server ◽  
Home Page ◽  
Gaussian Fitting ◽  
History Of ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Background: The evolutionary history of organisms can be described by phylogenetic trees. We need to compare the topologies of rooted phylogenetic trees when researching the evolution of a given set of species. Objective: Up to now, there are several metrics measuring the dissimilarity between rooted phylogenetic trees, and those metrics are defined by different ways. Methods: This paper analyzes those metrics from their definitions and the distance values computed by those metrics by terms of experiments. Results: The results of experiments show that the distances calculated by the cluster metric, the partition metric, and the equivalent metric have a good Gaussian fitting, and the equivalent metric can describe the difference between trees better than the others. Conclusion: Moreover, it presents a tool called as CDRPT (Computing Distance for Rooted Phylogenetic Trees). CDRPT is a web server to calculate the distance for trees by an on-line way. CDRPT can also be off-line used by means of installing application packages for the Windows system. It greatly facilitates the use of researchers. The home page of CDRPT is http://bioinformatics.imu.edu.cn/tree/.

Removal of inelastically scattered electrons substantially increases phase contrast on frozen-hydrated molecules

1987 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 652-653
Author(s):  
John P. Langmore ◽  
Brian D. Athey
Keyword(s):  
Electron Diffraction ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Biological Structure ◽  
Bright Field ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Negative Stain ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Better Than

Although electron diffraction indicates better than 0.3nm preservation of biological structure in vitreous ice, the imaging of molecules in ice is limited by low contrast. Thus, low-dose images of frozen-hydrated molecules have significantly more noise than images of air-dried or negatively-stained molecules. We have addressed the question of the origins of this loss of contrast. One unavoidable effect is the reduction in scattering contrast between a molecule and the background. In effect, the difference in scattering power between a molecule and its background is 2-5 times less in a layer of ice than in vacuum or negative stain. A second, previously unrecognized, effect is the large, incoherent background of inelastic scattering from the ice. This background reduces both scattering and phase contrast by an additional factor of about 3, as shown in this paper. We have used energy filtration on the Zeiss EM902 in order to eliminate this second effect, and also increase scattering contrast in bright-field and dark-field.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document