From self-evident norms to contingent couplings: A systems-theoretical analysis of changes in the relationship between schools and the function systems in Denmark

2021 ◽  
pp. 147490412110097
Author(s):  
Niels Åkerstrøm Andersen ◽  
Justine Grønbæk Pors
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Education System ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
School Governance ◽  
World Society ◽  
Historical Account ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Departure

Taking a point of departure in the paradoxical fact that the increase in educational knowledge leads to an increase in uncertainty for educational organisations, this article explores how uncertainty and contingency have increasingly become an integral part of school governance. The article draws on Niklas Luhmann’s theory of ‘World Society’ as a functional differentiated society providing a range of different symbolic media for educational organisations. To trace the increase in the complexity of governing, we provide a historical account of the shifting couplings between schools and function systems. We show how the school becomes linked to an increasing number of symbolic media so that education becomes only one out of many other concerns. The article studies the consequences these shifting couplings have for how schools are governed and how they are expected to self-manage their relationship to different function systems. The article adds to existing studies of how education has become more and more differentiated with the argument that this has also led to new forms of couplings between schools and the education system with a number of important implications for the teaching profession.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Impact of Factors Determining the Teachers’ Salary: the Case of Radviliškis District

2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-128
Author(s):  
Kristina Matuzevičiūtė-Balčiūnienė ◽  
Dovilė Jašinskienė
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Education System ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
Payment System ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Recent Reform ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Research Show

Based on the results of the theoretical analysis, problems such as the aging population of teachers, the lack of attractiveness of the teaching profession and the shortage of teachers in certain subjects have been identified in the education system, as well as in some geographical areas. The recent reform of the teacher’s payment system in Lithuania was started in 2018, so the problem analysed in the article is relatively new, which leads to a lack of research, as apart from some statistics, analysts’ insights and forecasts, scientific research on this topic is insufficient. In this study, an independently pooled cross-sections model is used to assess the factors of teachers ’salaries. The results of the research show that after the introduction of the full- time payment system, the salaries of teachers in Radviliškis district did not increase. This was due to the reduction in the size of the workload following the introduction of the full- time payment system.

scholarly journals Governance and Expertise in the Teaching Profession: An Analysis of Contemporary Japanese Educational Reforms

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-177
Author(s):  
Hirofumi Hamada
Keyword(s):  
Educational Policy ◽  
Practical Knowledge ◽  
Quality Standards ◽  
Teaching Profession ◽  
School Governance ◽  
Governance Mechanism ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Educational Professionals ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Governance Reforms

Purpose: This article examines the Japanese teaching profession’s position on current school governance reforms in Japan and the difficulties teachers are facing as the reforms progress. Design/Approach/Methods: This article describes how a policy for developing teacher quality standards tends to suppress teacher independence while increasing the heteronomy of the teaching profession. The article discusses how Japan can meet its goal of ensuring “expertise in the teaching profession” by referring to the relationship between “professionalism” and “publicness” in the theories of occupational sociology. Findings: Expertise in the teaching profession is based on a mixture of academic and practical knowledge. The term “educational professionals” should be interpreted to include both “researchers” and “practitioners.” A sustainable governance mechanism for the Japanese teaching profession should be built on a four-way relationship among researchers, practitioners, citizens, and government administrators. Originality/Value: This study provides a critical review of a broad-reaching educational policy and proposes a new approach for restructuring the governance of the Japanese teaching profession.

Probabilistic Description of the Function-Structure Relationship in Products

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pan Wang ◽  
Yuan Li ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Jianfeng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Conditional Probability ◽  
Likelihood Estimation ◽  
Function Structure ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Probabilistic Description ◽  
Statistical Strategy ◽  
Structure Relationship ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

Providing the designers with the relationship between functions and structures is an effective way to accelerate the design process. Currently, the function-structure relationship is usually obtained by theoretically analyzing the transformation from function to structure, such as the FBS model. Though these methods have provided the reasonable explorations of the function-structure relationship, they are complicated and not easy to achieve. Since the function-structure relationship in the existing products also follows the design pattern described by the existing studies, extracting the function-structure relationship from these products instead of the theoretical analysis could also transfer the significant information that what structures could satisfy the required function. Therefore, this paper presents an estimation approach to obtain the probabilistic description of the function-structure relationship in products. First, the product, structure and the functions contained by a product are described with product vector, structure vector and function vector, respectively. Meanwhile, the relationship between them is also defined. Then, a statistical strategy is proposed that treats all the products as the population and the products we gather as the sample, and defines the function-structure relationship as the conditional probability of the appearance of a structure given a function in the gathered products. Afterwards, the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is employed to estimate the conditional probability. Compared with other methods, the proposed approach replaces the theoretical analysis with discovering the products, which avoids the complicated modeling and description of the function-structure relationship. In case study, some experiments have been carried out, and a plug-in tool is developed to implement the application of the extracted function-structure relationship in product design. The results have shown the feasibility of the proposed approach and demonstrated the practical value in engineering.

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of DNA and RNA

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 34-35
Author(s):  
Patricia G. Arscott ◽  
Gil Lee ◽  
Victor A. Bloomfield ◽  
D. Fennell Evans
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Inorganic Materials ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Dna And Rna ◽  
Calf Thymus ◽  
And Function ◽  
The Relationship

STM is one of the most promising techniques available for visualizing the fine details of biomolecular structure. It has been used to map the surface topography of inorganic materials in atomic dimensions, and thus has the resolving power not only to determine the conformation of small molecules but to distinguish site-specific features within a molecule. That level of detail is of critical importance in understanding the relationship between form and function in biological systems. The size, shape, and accessibility of molecular structures can be determined much more accurately by STM than by electron microscopy since no staining, shadowing or labeling with heavy metals is required, and there is no exposure to damaging radiation by electrons. Crystallography and most other physical techniques do not give information about individual molecules.We have obtained striking images of DNA and RNA, using calf thymus DNA and two synthetic polynucleotides, poly(dG-me5dC)·poly(dG-me5dC) and poly(rA)·poly(rU).

The next generation: Experiences of higher educated Turkish-Dutch on The Hague labour market

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-217
Author(s):  
Karijn G. Nijhoff
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Education System ◽  
Minority Groups ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Market Positioning ◽  
The Hague ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Dutch City

This paper explores the relationship between education and labour market positioning in The Hague, a Dutch city with a unique labour market. One of the main minority groups, Turkish-Dutch, is the focus in this qualitative study on higher educated minorities and their labour market success. Interviews reveal that the obstacles the respondents face are linked to discrimination and network limitation. The respondents perceive “personal characteristics” as the most important tool to overcoming the obstacles. Education does not only increase their professional skills, but also widens their networks. The Dutch education system facilitates the chances of minorities in higher education through the “layering” of degrees. 

Microprocessor Architecture Era for Development Cloud Computing of Ministry of Electricity and Energy of Egypt

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 5199-5209
Author(s):  
Heba A. El-Khobby ◽  
Mostafa M. AbdElnaby ◽  
Abdel-Aziz Ibrahim Mahmoud HASSANIN ◽  
Abdallah D. Maziad
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Organization Structure ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Organization Structures ◽  
Competence Evaluation ◽  
Competency Based ◽  
Services Evaluation ◽  
The Relationship

A development and evaluation the Cloud Computing (ClComp) of Ministry of Electricity and Energy of Egypt (MEEE) is presented in this paper. In order to be able to judge whether the ClComp of MEEE is competence, there is a need to develop criteria which performance can judged. Competency based standards and the ability to perform the activities within an occupation to the standard expected in the organization structure are presented. The key objective of Cloud Computing is to integrate Authorized Groups (AuthGs) development with the needs of the organization structures of MEEE. The ClComp of MEEE was developed jointly between the telecommunication information technology and ClComp services. Evaluation enables participant to distinguish between AuthGs centered view and a customer centered view of cloud computing of MEEE is competence evaluation. Recognize the main types of evaluation, explain the purpose of evaluation compare the approaches to cloud computing evaluation and review the relationship between the process and policy of evaluation are investigated. Microprocessor architecture presented an optimistic view of multicore scalability to develop the ClComp. Moreover this paper investigates the theoretical analysis of multiprocessor developing and scalability. The analysis was based on the laws of Amdahl's, Gustafson's, Hill's and Marty for fixed-workload condition. Moreover, challenged the difficulties to develop better cloud computing is taken into account. Also, multicore analysis of ClComp scalability, performance and power under fixed-time and memory-bound conditions are studied. These results complement existing studies and demonstrate that ClComp architectures are capable of extensive scalability and developing.

Når styringens ambitioner udfordres af praksis. Om at analysere rummet imellem styringens intentioner og situationel praksis

2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias Herup Nielsen ◽  
Niklas Andreas Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Michel Foucault ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
The Other ◽  
Empirical Reality ◽  
Men I ◽  
Unemployment Policy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Local Employment

Studier, der analyserer det sociale med inspiration fra Foucaults tanker om governmentality, kritiseres i stigende omfang for at afskære sig fra at analysere de praktiske relationer, som politisk styring konkret indlejres i. I artiklen tager vi afsæt i denne kritik og viser, med et studie af forholdet mellem et kommunalt jobcenter og et lokalt beskæftigelsesråd, hvordan governmental magtanalyse kan indfange styringens uforudsigelige, mangefacetterede og immanente karakter ved at fokusere på styringsintentionernes møde med den praktiske virkelighed, der søges styret. Formelt er rådet nedsat til at overvåge og kontrollere jobcentret, men i den praktiske relation er det snarere jobcentret, som overvåger og kontrollerer rådet. Artiklen viser, hvordan dette er muligt ved at analysere jobcentrets arbejde med rådet ved hjælp af en række centrale begreber fra Foucaults forfatterskab. Empirisk trækker studiet foruden formelle myndighedsdokumenter, der beskriver rådets tiltænkte rolle, på praksisinformerende empiri i form af kvalitative interviews og mødereferater over en fire-årig periode. ENGELSK ABSTRACT: Mathias Herup Nielsen and Niklas Andreas Andersen: When Praxis Challenges the Ambitions of Governing. Analyzing the Space between the Intentions of Governing and Situational Praxis Studies working with the Foucauldian concept of ”governmentality” are frequently criticized for their apparent disregard of empirical reality. This article takes this critique as its point of departure and demonstrates the application of the concept of governmentality in a concrete empirical case study in order to grasp the unpredictable and multifaceted nature of modern day power. The case investigated here is the relationship between a Danish Jobcentre and a so-called local employment council (LBR). The latter was created to ”control” and ”monitor” the former organization. However, in practice, it is rather the other way around – the Jobcentre is controlling and monitoring the members of the LBR. This article draws on a number of well-known Foucauldian concepts to show how this relation of power is practically structured. Empirically the article draws on documents from central authorities as well as on a number of qualitative interviews with the actors involved – hence, the article attempts to meet with the dominant overall critique of the governmentality perspective for disregarding empirical reality. Keywords: governmentality, Michel Foucault, unemployment policy, jobcentre.

Physicianship and the Rebirth of Medical Education

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Donald Boudreau ◽  
Eric Cassell ◽  
Abraham Fuks
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Patient Centeredness ◽  
Goals Of Medicine ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
And Function ◽  
William Osler ◽  
The Relationship

This book reimagines medical education and reconstructs its design. It originates from a reappraisal of the goals of medicine and the nature of the relationship between doctor and patient. The educational blueprint outlined is called the “Physicianship Curriculum” and rests on two linchpins. First is a new definition of sickness: Patients know themselves to be ill when they cannot pursue their purposes and goals in life because of impairments in functioning. This perspective represents a bulwark against medical attention shifting from patients to diseases. The curriculum teaches about patients as functional persons, from their anatomy to their social selves, starting in the first days of the educational program and continuing throughout. Their teaching also rests on the rock-solid grounding of medicine in the sciences and scientific understandings of disease and function. The illness definition and knowledge base together create a foundation for authentic patient-centeredness. Second, the training of physicians depends on and culminates in development of a unique professional identity. This is grounded in the historical evolution of the profession, reaching back to Hippocrates. It leads to reformulation of the educational process as clinical apprenticeships and moral mentorships. “Rebirth” in the title suggests that critical ingredients of medical education have previously been articulated. The book argues that the apprenticeship model, as experienced, enriched, taught, and exemplified by William Osler, constitutes a time-honored foundation. Osler’s “natural method of teaching the subject of medicine” is a precursor to the Physicianship Curriculum.

Career Development and Human Capital Theory: Preaching the “Education Gospel”

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tristram Hooley
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Career Development ◽  
Education System ◽  
Historical Development ◽  
Human Capital Theory ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Capital Theory ◽  
Development Interventions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Alternative Relationships

This chapter analyses the relationship between career development, education, and human capital theory. It argues that education lies at the heart of our understanding of how individuals develop their careers and how purposeful career development interventions can support them in this endeavour. Career development services are most evident and accessible in the education system. This relationship is not accidental but is rooted in both the historical development of the field and in the importance of human capital theory to the ideology of both education and career development. The chapter finishes by critiquing the dependence of policymakers and advocates for the field on human capital theory and by considering alternative relationships that could be built between education and career development.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document