Participatory design of a thematic questionnaire in the field of victimization studies

The paper introduces the results of a two-step process that led to the design of a new questionnaire in the field of victimization studies. A desk-based review of national Crime and Victimization Surveys from five EU countries was performed and resulted in identifying opportunities to improve the consistency among these surveys as well as the need to include more independent variables in order to measure fear of crime and its correlation with sociological variables. Then 12 experts in survey-based measures of crime-related issues were involved in a Delphi panel with the objective of enhancing a participatory design of a new questionnaire addressing individual and space-based determinants of the perception of insecurity, which has been poorly explored to date.

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Determinants of fear of crime in Brazil

Civitas - Revista de Ciências Sociais ◽

10.15448/1984-7289.2021.3.35603 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (3) ◽

pp. 455-466

Author(s):

Doriam Borges ◽

Ignácio Cano

Keyword(s):

Social Cohesion ◽

Perceived Risk ◽

Fear Of Crime ◽

Social Ties ◽

Logistic Models ◽

Criminal Victimization ◽

Community Influences ◽

Victimization Surveys

While some studies suggest that the nature of one´s interactions with the community influences one’s perceived risk of criminal victimization, only a few pieces of research have tested this association in Brazil. Using four previously existing Brazilian victimization surveys, we conducted logistic models to examine whether social ties and social cohesion are associated with perceived risk and fear of crime. The results showed that only in some contexts did social cohesion manifest an association with fear of crime. Specifically, two components of social cohesion may be relevant for this purpose: trusting neighbours and getting help; and the ability to distinguish neighbours from strangers in the street.

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Methodological Issues in the International Study of Victimization

Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Criminology and Criminal Justice ◽

10.1093/acrefore/9780190264079.013.543 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Alvazzi del Frate ◽

Gergely Hideg

Keyword(s):

Violence Against Women ◽

Fear Of Crime ◽

Sustainable Development Goals ◽

International Crime ◽

International Study ◽

International Studies ◽

Crime Victim ◽

Victimization Surveys ◽

Development Goals ◽

Vulnerable Population Groups

Victimization studies, which became popular in the 1970s, are largely based on surveys of the population. As of the late 1980s, the potential for internationally comparable surveys emerged with the first round of the International Crime Victim Survey (ICVS). Starting from early international studies and using the ICVS as a prominent example, an examination of the characteristics of victimization surveys is given, both in terms of content and methodology, their potential and limits, which make them suitable for international use. Multi-country surveys can provide indications from different countries about major crime problems, the most vulnerable population groups at risk of victimization, and perceptions and opinions about fear of crime and the performance of delegated authorities. Victimization surveys initially covered several types of conventional crime directly experienced by respondents and progressively expanded and specialized to measure bribery and corruption, both among individuals and businesses, as well as violence against women through dedicated surveys. Considering that surveys are an effective tool to measure crime and victims’ perceptions where institutional capacity is weak, the possibility to bridge knowledge gaps and engage developing countries has been identified as a major potential. Despite some methodological challenges, further use and expansion of victimization surveys is in progress (e.g., for measuring some indicators for Sustainable Development Goals [SDG]).

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Corruption Phenomenon In European Union

European Journal of Business Management and Research ◽

10.24018/ejbmr.2019.4.3.57 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laura-Maria Popescu ◽

Silviu Dutulescu ◽

Ileana Nisulescu-Ashrafzadeh

Keyword(s):

European Union ◽

World Bank ◽

Freedom Of Expression ◽

Public Institutions ◽

Transparency International ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Eu Countries ◽

The World Bank ◽

Green Area

The article presents the consequences and dimension of corruption phenomenon on level of EU countries in the year 2013. Based on the data collected from the reports of the World Bank, the reports of United Nations and Transparency International, it has been performed an econometric adjustment using as dependent variable the index of perception of the corruption on level of EU countries, plus 5 independent variables as follows: trust in public institutions, trust in justice, trust in government, freedom of expression and HDI (human development index). Pursuant to multiple regression and several calculations, it has been elaborated a classification of the countries of European Union relying on an estimate of corruption phenomenon based on such variables. The classification obtained has been divided in 3 subdivisions (green area, orange area and red area) depending on the scores recorded in each country, being performed subsequently analyses, comparisons, correlations related to the position of each country in the classification as well as the identification and analysis of the factors influencing the dimension of corruption phenomenon in such countries. The information obtained pursuant to analyses has been synthesized and represented in the form of a chart and a map presenting briefly the entire scientific demarche.

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The Impact of Corruption, Economic Freedom and Urbanization on Economic Development: Western Balkans versus EU-27

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12229743 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (22) ◽

pp. 9743

Author(s):

Nerajda Feruni ◽

Eglantina Hysa ◽

Mirela Panait ◽

Irina Gabriela Rădulescu ◽

Alina Brezoi

Keyword(s):

Economic Development ◽

Economic Freedom ◽

Negative Impact ◽

Least Square ◽

Western Balkans ◽

Independent Variables ◽

Eu Countries ◽

Balkan Countries ◽

The Impact ◽

The Eu

The topic of economic development has been addressed in recent decades from more and more points of view in order to identify the factors with significant impact on this phenomenon. Identifying the factors and measuring their impact on economic development are essential starting points for adopting the necessary public policies. Similar types of research for the Western Balkan countries and comparative analyses between the Western Balkans and the European Union countries are limited in number. Hence, the main purpose of this paper is to empirically test the impact of corruption, economic freedom, and urbanization on the economic development for both the Western Balkan countries and the EU countries for the period 2009–2018 to provide a comparative analysis for these two groups. The corruption perception index, economic freedom index, and urban population growth are chosen as independent variables, whereas the dependent variable of the human development index (HDI) represents economic development. Using the Random Effects model, which falls under the Panel Generalized Least Square method, the empirical analysis suggests that corruption has a negative impact on economic development, while economic freedom and urbanization have a positive impact on the economic development for both groups of countries. However, the impact of corruption is more destructive in the Western Balkans, and they appear to benefit more from economic freedom and urbanization as compared to the EU countries. Whether the impact of the chosen independent variables is restricted to any component of the HDI in particular is left open for further studies in the future, though the results of this paper are highly significant and in accordance with the reviewed literature.

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Distributed Construction through Participatory Design

E-Education Applications ◽

10.4018/978-1-93177-792-6.ch009 ◽

2004 ◽

pp. 164-179 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Panayiotis Zaphiris ◽

Giorgos Zacharia ◽

Meenakshi Sundaram Rajasekaran

Keyword(s):

Community Development ◽

Learning Community ◽

Participatory Design ◽

Online Community ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Design Teams ◽

Greek Language ◽

Online Learning Community ◽

Step Process ◽

Modern Greek

We present the implementation of Distributed Constructionism (DC) through a Participatory Design (PD) methodology of an Online Learning community. The students collaborate on the content and functionality development of an online Modern Greek language course, peer review and publish content contributions, and participate in participatory design teams. Participatory design was implemented as a four step process (a) Build bridges with the intended users, (b) Map user needs and suggestions to the system, (c) Develop a prototype, (d) Integrate feedback and continue the iteration. Distributed Constructionism was implemented to enhance the learning experience and community development. Finally Social Network Analysis is employed to quantitatively measure the strength of the online community established and the key role our participatory design team participants played in sustaining this online community.

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Victimization and Fear of Crime

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.11.3.187 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 187-197 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Michael Weinrath ◽

John Gartrell

Keyword(s):

Older Women ◽

Fear Of Crime ◽

Crime Analysis ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Younger Women ◽

Victimization Surveys ◽

Different Types ◽

Canadian City ◽

And Gender

Victimization has generally been associated with increased fear of crime. Analysis of two very large victimization surveys completed in the Canadian city of Edmonton, Alberta, explores the ways in which age and gender condition the experience of different types of victimization. While younger women were sensitized by assault (current or prior), older women appeared to be desensitized by similar victimization.

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Mechanisms of ethylene biosynthesis and response in plants

Essays in Biochemistry ◽

10.1042/bse0580061 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 58 ◽

pp. 61-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Paul B. Larsen

Keyword(s):

Plant Growth ◽

Growth And Development ◽

Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽

Unsaturated Hydrocarbon ◽

Flower Senescence ◽

Detailed Knowledge ◽

Plant Growth And Development ◽

Step Process ◽

Ethylene Response ◽

Ethylene Signalling

Ethylene is the simplest unsaturated hydrocarbon, yet it has profound effects on plant growth and development, including many agriculturally important phenomena. Analysis of the mechanisms underlying ethylene biosynthesis and signalling have resulted in the elucidation of multistep mechanisms which at first glance appear simple, but in fact represent several levels of control to tightly regulate the level of production and response. Ethylene biosynthesis represents a two-step process that is regulated at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels, thus enabling plants to control the amount of ethylene produced with regard to promotion of responses such as climacteric flower senescence and fruit ripening. Ethylene production subsequently results in activation of the ethylene response, as ethylene accumulation will trigger the ethylene signalling pathway to activate ethylene-dependent transcription for promotion of the response and for resetting the pathway. A more detailed knowledge of the mechanisms underlying biosynthesis and the ethylene response will ultimately enable new approaches to be developed for control of the initiation and progression of ethylene-dependent developmental processes, many of which are of horticultural significance.

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