Development of 3D hollow woven fabrics with superior mechanical properties by using nitinol and steel wire core hybrid yarns

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372096883
Author(s):  
Elif Yılmaz ◽  
Sevda Altaş
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Wire Core ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Nitinol Wire ◽  
Different Diameters ◽  
Fabric Production

In this study, nitinol and steel wire core hybrid yarns were produced from wires having two different diameters and used as warp yarns to weave 3D woven fabrics in two different fabric constructions. The steel bars with two different diameters were placed into the gaps between fabric layers to create a hollow form after fabric production. The fabrics produced with cold-worked nitinol wire were exposed to heat treatments at high temperatures to provide them shape memory property according to data obtained from DSC analysis. Conventional textile fibers are not durable to these temperatures; for this reason, carbon fiber was used both as sheath material of hybrid yarns and additionally as warp and weft carbon fiber yarns. All yarn and fabric tests were carried out simultaneously to evaluate the mechanical properties of nitinol and steel wire core hybrid yarns, and wire-reinforced fabrics. Tensile tests were applied to all wire and hybrid yarn samples, DSC and DMA analyses were conducted for only heat-treated nitinol wires. Low-velocity impact, tensile and pull-out tests were applied to fabric samples. Reference fabrics with no wire were produced and evaluated by comparing with wire-reinforced samples to provide a point of comparison to the data from the mechanical properties of wire-reinforced 3D fabrics. The study's results were analyzed with regression analysis using the backward method, and the parameters such as wire type, wire diameter, and fabric gap width for optimum fabric production were determined. Data obtained from all mechanical tests demonstrate that fabric samples with steel wire, thinner wire, and narrow gaps have better results than others. The effect of wire thickness was also found the same for the nitinol wire. DMA analyses show that the thinner nitinol wire is better than, the thicker one. Finally, an innovative technique has been developed in this study to weave carbon fiber on a conventional automatic sample loom without fiber breakage by twisting PVA yarn around the wire core hybrid and twisted carbon fiber yarns.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Effect of Fixation Angle between Polyaxial Pedicle Screw Head and Rod on the Failure of Screw-Rod Connection

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Engin Çetin ◽  
Mustafa Özkaya ◽  
Ümit Özgür Güler ◽  
Emre Acaroğlu ◽  
Teyfik Demir
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Pedicle Screw ◽  
Pedicle Screws ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Screw Head ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Flexion Moment ◽  
Polyaxial Screws ◽  
Different Diameters

Introduction.Polyaxial screws had been only tested according to the ASTM standards (when they were perpendicularly positioned to the rod). In this study, effects of the pedicle screws angled fixation to the rod on the mechanical properties of fixation were investigated.Materials and Method.30 vertically fixed screws and 30 screws fixed with angle were used in the study. Screws were used in three different diameters which were 6.5 mm, 7.0 mm, and 7.5 mm, in equal numbers. Axial pull-out and flexion moment tests were performed. Test results compared with each other using appropriate statistical methods.Results.In pull-out test, vertically fixed screws, in 6.5 mm and 7.0 mm diameter, had significantly higher maximum load values than angled fixed screws with the same diameters (P<0.01). Additionally, vertically fixed screws, in all diameters, had significantly greater stiffness according to corresponding size fixed with angle (P<0.005).Conclusion.Fixing the pedicle screw to the rod with angle significantly decreased the pull-out stiffness in all diameters. Similarly, pedicle screw instrumentation fixed with angle decreased the minimum sagittal angle between the rod and the screw in all diameters for flexion moment test but the differences were not significant.

Effect of PyC Content in C/C Greenbody on Structure and Properties of 3D-C/SiC Composite Fabricated by Gas Silicon Infiltration

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 4994-4998
Author(s):  
Hui Yong Yang ◽  
Rong Jun Liu ◽  
Ying Bin Cao ◽  
Dong Lin
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Carbide Matrix ◽  
Variable Content ◽  
Sic Composites ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Polymer Infiltration

In order to fabricate high perform carbon fiber reinforced silicon carbide matrix composite (C/SiC). SiC interphase of three dimensional(3D) braided carbon fiber performs was prepared by polymer infiltration pyrolysis(PIP) using polycarbosilane(PCS) as precursor. Then, C/SiC composites were fabricated by gas silicon infiltration(GSI) at 1400～1700°C to C/C greenbody, which was prepared by PIP based on precursor of phenolic resin from one to four cycles. The influence of pyrocarbon(PyC) content in C/C greenbody on the composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of C/SiC composites was investigated via X-ray diffraction(XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), physical and chemical methods. The results indicate that there were β-SiC, residual Si ,C and closed pores in C/SiC, and the different pyrocarbon(PyC) content influenced C/SiC mechanical properties via the variable content of β-SiC, residual Si, C and closed pores. The C/SiC composites with 2 cycles of PIP-C, which had fitting relative content of β-SiC, residual Si and C, possessed the best mechanical properties. The flexure strength and flexure modulus were 187.3MPa and 66.5GPa. The β-SiC generated from PCS wrapped the carbon fiber bundles, protecting them from reacting with gaseous silicon. The phenomenon of ‘fibers pull-out’ was observed in all four groups of C/SiC composites, which manifested the mechanism of toughness fracture.

scholarly journals Validation of Design of Regular Carbon Fabric Composite Plate with Woven Fabric using Tensile Loading

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sushma D. Thorat ◽  
V. S. Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Tensile Loading ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Carbon Fabric ◽  
Fabric Composite ◽  
Carbon Fabrics

In many recent years the use of composite materials increases in many fields, for example agricultural uses, where these materials are characterized by good mechanical properties, tenacity and light weight. Among many other materials for the reinforcement of composites, technical fabrics are increasingly being used for the same purpose, especially from carbon fiber, which have good mechanical properties. During tensile stress these fabrics are elongated in the direction of tensile force, and at the same time they contract crosswise in relation to the action of the tensile force. In this Project the tensile properties of regular carbon fabrics and woven fabrics made from carbon fiber yarns were investigated. Static structural analysis of Regular carbon fabrics and woven fabrics base carbon fiber specimen will be done using ACP tool in ANSYS 19 software.

Effect of High Temperature on Fiber/Matrix Interfacial Properties for Carbon Fiber/Polyphenylenesulfide Model Composites

2014 ◽  
Vol 627 ◽  
pp. 173-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuto Tanaka ◽  
Jun Nishio ◽  
Tsutao Katayama ◽  
Shinichi Enoki
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Interfacial Properties ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Actual Operating ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fiber Matrix ◽  
Reinforced Thermoplastics ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics

To use Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastics (CFRTP) for automobile applications, mechanical properties of CFRTP under actual operating temperatures are needed to be clarified. When focusing on heat resistance of CFRTP, to use Polyphenylenesulfide (PPS) for the matrix is desirable. However, the effect of high temperature on mechanical properties of CFRTP using PPS has not been clarified yet. In this study, single fiber pull-out tests of CF/PPS model composites under high temperature were conducted to reveal the fiber/matrix interfacial properties.

Mechanical Properties of Carbon/PEEK Composites According to the Fiber Ply Orientation and Sizing Removal of Carbon Fiber for Artificial Hip Joint

2013 ◽  
Vol 750-752 ◽  
pp. 164-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yun Hae Kim ◽  
Sung Won Yoon ◽  
Jin Woo Lee ◽  
Tae Hyun Kim ◽  
Min Kyo Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Tensile Test ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Hip Joint ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Artificial Hip Joint ◽  
Artificial Hip

The purpose of this study is to determine the correct estimation of the mechanical property between epoxy resin and PEEK sheet as the composites and its validity has been tested with the alternative materials of the metal-based materials for artificial hip joint. Moreover, this work evaluated the mechanical properties according to the temperature of heat treatments for sizing removal of carbon fiber and the fractured surfaces of Carbon/Epoxy and Carbon/PEEK composites were also evaluated. First, the sizing removal of carbon fiber were conducted at 300°C for 4 hours and 400°C for 2 hours. The fractured surface in the specimen of tensile test made from PEEK and epoxy resin was observed by SEM. the fracture surface of the tensile test specimen of the Carbon/Epoxy composites heat-treated to 400°C showed that the resin did not bury nearly in the fiber surface and pull out was observed. It is shown that 400°C is suitable for the sizing removal of the carbon fiber. The mechanical test result showed that there was no significant differences in short beam strength. However, the tensile strength and compressive strength of the Carbon/PEEK composites was higher than those of the Carbon/Epoxy composites in the case of the Vacuum Bag process. In addition, this result showed that the sizing material did not have a significant effect on the strength of the Carbon/PEEK composites.

scholarly journals Effects of Water Absorption on the Fiber–Matrix Interfacial Shear Strength of Carbon Nanotube-Grafted Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polyamide Resin

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuto Tanaka ◽  
Saya Okuda ◽  
Yoshitaka Hinoue ◽  
Tsutao Katayama
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Interfacial Shear Strength ◽  
Interfacial Shear ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Fiber Matrix ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced

Carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastics (CFRTPs) are expected to be used for the structural parts of automobiles and aircraft due to their mechanical properties, such as high specific stiffness, high specific strength, short molding times and high recyclability. The fiber/matrix interface of the composite plays an important role in transmitting stress from the matrix to the reinforcing fibers. It was reported that grafting of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) on the carbon fiber can improve the fiber/matrix interfacial property. We have reported that CNTs, which are directly grafted onto carbon fiber using Ni as the catalyst by the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, can improve the fiber/matrix interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of carbon fiber/polyamide 6 (PA6). For practical use of CFRTPs, it is important to clarify the effects of water absorption on the mechanical properties of the composite material. In this study, the effects of water absorption on the fiber–matrix interfacial shear strength (IFSS) of carbon fiber reinforced polyamide resin and CNT-grafted carbon fiber reinforced polyamide resin were clarified by the single fiber pull-out test for specimens preserved in air, then in water for 24 h and re-dried after water absorption. The IFSS of carbon fiber/PA6 was significantly decreased by water absorption. In contrast, CNT-grafted carbon fiber/PA6 showed smaller degradation of the IFSS by water absorption.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Corrugated Carbon Fiber Plain Woven Fabrics for Flexible Wing Material

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 268-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomohiro YOKOZEKI ◽  
Shinichi TAKEDA ◽  
Toshio OGASAWARA ◽  
Takashi ISHIKAWA
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Flexible Wing

scholarly journals Effect of CNT-Based Resin Modification on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhas Yeshwant Nayak ◽  
Satish Shenoy ◽  
Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan ◽  
Chandrakant R. Kini ◽  
Aashna Seth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Material System ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Modes Of Failure

In this study an attempt was made to explore the possibility of substituting 3D E-glass fabric with eco-friendly basalt fabric along with the modification of resin using MWCNTs, a material system about which very limited information exists. The study involved comparing the mechanical properties of two sets of composites. The first set was comprised of 3D orthogonally woven E-glass-reinforced epoxy composites, basalt-reinforced epoxy composites, and hybrid 3D E-glass orthogonally woven/basalt-reinforced epoxy composites while the second set of composites was the same as the first but prepared with resin modified with Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs). All the composites were fabricated by hand lay-up and compression molding techniques. To modify the resin for the second set of composites, MWCNTs were dispersed into the epoxy resin with acetone as a surfactant by magnetic stirring and ultra-sonification. Mechanical tests included tensile, flexural, and low velocity impact strength which were evaluated as per standards. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to study the fractured surfaces. Results showed that resin modification did not yield any positive results on the mechanical properties of the composites. The highest tensile (364.4 MPa) and flexural strength (345.3 MPa) was obtained for 3D E-glass composites followed by basalt composites and hybrid 3D E-glass/basalt composites while the highest impact strength of 198.42 kJ/m2 was exhibited by the hybrid 3D E-glass/basalt composites. SEM micrographs showed de-bonding between the modified matrix and fiber which was seen as one of the primary causes for relatively poor performance of the composites prepared with modified resin. Fiber breakage, matrix cracking, fiber pull-out, and delamination were the other modes of failure. Results suggest that hybridization with basalt fibers is a much safer, more cost effective, and eco-friendly option over resin modification.

scholarly journals Effects of Scanning Strategy and Printing Temperature on the Compressive Behaviors of 3D Printed Polyamide-Based Composites

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1783
Author(s):  
Jin Wang ◽  
Jiangyang Xiang ◽  
Hao Lin ◽  
Kui Wang ◽  
Song Yao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Yield Strength ◽  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Fiber Reinforcement ◽  
Scanning Strategy ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Scanning Strategies

In this work, the effects of scanning strategies and printing temperature on mechanical properties and crush behaviors of columns manufactured using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique were studied. The results showed that scanning strategy and printing temperature had significant influences on mechanical response and deformation mode of the columns. The columns printed in different scanning strategies showed significant anisotropy due to the preferred orientation of short fibers during the printing process. The columns printed in a circular direction presented the highest compressive force response. The columns printed with carbon fiber-reinforced polyamide in a circular direction showed the final oblique fracture failure mode, in which there were fiber pull-out and matrix pull-apart on fracture surfaces. Different indicators were also used to evaluate the mechanical properties and crushing characteristics of the columns. The carbon fiber reinforcement columns presented the highest energy absorption, and the glass fiber reinforcement columns showed the highest elastic modulus and yield strength. The results indicated that the scanning strategy and printing temperature not only influenced the elastic modulus and yield strength, but also affected the energy absorption performances of the columns.

A new method of grafting multi-walled carbon nanotubes on carbon fibers for improving the mechanical and thermal properties of woven fabric composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832199161
Author(s):  
Mingrui Liu ◽  
Qiong Rao ◽  
Yingyu Wang ◽  
Xiongqi Peng
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Acid Treatment ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Carboxyl Groups ◽  
Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes

A new method of grafting multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) onto carbon fiber surface to improve the thermo-mechanical properties of woven carbon fabric reinforced composites was proposed. In this method, both carbon woven fabrics and MWCNTs were oxidized by sulfuric acid to generate carboxyl groups on their surfaces, respectively. Then silane coupling agent was used to react with the carboxyl groups to graft MWCNTs onto the carbon fiber surfaces of the woven fabric. The untreated, acid treated and MWCNTs grafted carbon woven fabrics were separately combined with polypropylene films to form composite plates by thermal-stamping. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were conducted to estimate the changes of element contents and functional groups on surfaces of carbon fibers and MWCNTs. Atomic force microscope was used to estimate the roughness of carbon fiber surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimeter, dynamic mechanical thermal analysis and tensile tests were carried out to analyze the surface morphology, thermal, and mechanical properties of carbon fabrics and their composites. Testing results showed that MWCNTs could be successfully grafted onto the carbon fibers by using silane as an intermediate bridge. Compared with the untreated and acid treated composites, the in-plane shearing stiffness and fracture strength of the composites were increased significantly by MWCNTs grafting. In terms of thermal properties, acid treatment and MWCNTs grafting have little effect on melting point of composites. MWCNTs can promote the recrystallization process of the PP and reduce the numbers of imperfect crystals. As for thermo-mechanical properties, acid treatment deteriorated the bending storage modulus of the composite, while MWCNTs grafting could compensate it.

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