Structure design of multi-functional flexible electrocardiogram electrodes based on PEDOT:PSS-coated fabrics

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110226
Author(s):  
Jia-Horng Lin ◽  
Xiangdong Fu ◽  
Ting-Ting Li ◽  
Xuefei Zhang ◽  
Bobo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Oxidant Concentration ◽  
Coated Fabrics ◽  
Composite Fabrics

Herein, Polyester woven fabrics as the matrices for the experimental group, while cotton knitted fabrics, cotton woven fabrics, and Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) mesh cloth used as the matrices for the control groups, at 40 °e, using 3,4-ethoxylene dioxy thiophene (EDOT)as the polymer monomer, FeCl3 as the oxidant, and poly(sodium-p-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) as the dopant, are separately coated with PEDOT:PSS polymer to prepare flexible conductive composite fabrics. The influences of the fabric pattern, oxidant concentration, and monomer concentration on the electrical performance of composite fabrics are optimized. The maximal electrical conductivity of PET-based composite fabrics (218 S/m) occurs when monomer concentration is 0.035 mol/L, the molar ratio of oxidant to monomer is 2.5, and the dopant concentration is 2.5 g/L. Moreover, bacteriostasis rate of this composite fabric reaches 71.8%. Furthermore, by electrocardiogram (ECG) simulated human body unit test as well as human body ECG test, the optimal PET-based composite fabric electrode both has a lower impedance which helps form the stabilized ECG signal. The resulting fabric electrodes retain the soft and breathable advantages from fabrics and reduce the discomfort for a long-term use of conventional electrographic gel, thereby validating the empirical evidence for mobile, portable, wearable ECG electrodes.

Thermal resistance of polyurethane-coated knitted fabrics before and after weathering

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (19) ◽  
pp. 2015-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vesna Marija Potočić Matković ◽  
Ivana Salopek Čubrić ◽  
Zenun Skenderi
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Resistance ◽  
Thermal Protection ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Outdoor Exposure ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Knitted Fabric ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Coated Fabric ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Coated Fabrics

Polyurethane-coated knitted fabrics are of interest because they exhibit several positive properties, they are more stretchable, elastic and comfortable than coated woven fabrics and yet they are little studied. Information of weather durability, as well as thermal properties, is essential to ensure thermal protection for textile materials intended for outdoor use. In the presented research, a series of coated knitted fabrics for protective clothing were developed and exposed to weathering in summer and winter seasons. After three months of outdoor exposure, thermal resistance of all the tested materials decreased by 13% after the summer season and 25% after the winter season. A very good correlation of knitted fabric mass per unit area and thermal resistance of knitted fabric, coated fabric and aged coated fabric occurred. The studied materials experienced a partial degradation of the polyurethane layer, which is not related to the deterioration of the knitted substrate. The presented investigation of thermal resistance of coated fabrics and their dependence on the knitted substrate, as well as the influence of environmental conditions, allows the improvement of coated fabrics with the aim of better thermal protection.

Manufacturing techniques and property evaluations of stainless steel composite fabrics

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (5) ◽  
pp. 740-753
Author(s):  
Jia-Ci Jhang ◽  
Bing-Chiuan Shiu ◽  
Ting Ru Lin ◽  
Jia-Horng Lin ◽  
Ching-Wen Lou
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Layered Composite ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
The Core ◽  
Steel Composite ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques ◽  
Composite Fabrics

In this study, functional woven and knitted fabrics consist of stainless steel (SS) composite yarns. SS fibers (0.06 mm) and 500 D polyester (PET) filaments are used as the core with 70 D bamboo charcoal (BC) nylon fibers that are being used as the sheath in order to form the functional SS composite yarns. The test results show that the double-layered knitted fabrics have the optimal far infrared (FIR) emissivity of 0.85 ε, while the five-layered composite woven fabrics at 90° lamination angle have the optimal electromagnetic shielding efficacy between −50 dB and −60 dB. It is anticipated that the functional fabrics can be used in protective cloth and safety appliance.

scholarly journals A Facile Synthesis Procedure for Sulfonated Aniline Oligomers with Distinct Microstructures

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramesh Karunagaran ◽  
Campbell Coghlan ◽  
Diana Tran ◽  
Tran Tung ◽  
Alexandre Burgun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Water Medium ◽  
Oxidant Concentration ◽  
Aniline Oligomers ◽  
Acidic Conditions ◽  
Synthesis Procedure ◽  
Aniline Oligomer

Well-defined sulfonated aniline oligomer (SAO) microstructures with rod and flake morphologies were successfully synthesized using an aniline and oxidant with a molar ratio of 10:1 in ethanol and acidic conditions (pH 4.8). The synthesized oligomers showed excellent dispersibility and assembled as well-defined structures in contrast to the shapeless aggregated material produced in a water medium. The synergistic effects among the monomer concentration, oxidant concentration, pH, and reaction medium are shown to be controlling parameters to generate SAO microstructures with distinct morphologies, whether micro sheets or micro rods.

Mechanical properties of PVDF-coated fabric under tensile tests

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Ambroziak
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyvinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Cyclic Load ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Cyclic Tests ◽  
Comprehensive Investigation ◽  
Coated Fabric ◽  
Coated Fabrics

Abstract This article describes the laboratory tests necessary to identify the mechanical properties of the polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-coated fabrics named Precontraint 1202S and Precontraint 1302S. First, a short survey of the literature concerning the description of coated woven fabrics is presented. Second, the material parameters for PVDF-coated fabrics are specified on the basis of biaxial tensile tests. A comparison of the 1:1 biaxial and the uniaxial tensile tests results is also given. Additionally, biaxial cyclic tests were performed to observe the change of immediate mechanical properties under cyclic load. The article is aimed as an introduction to a comprehensive investigation of the mechanical properties of coated fabrics.

Influence of Coating on the Poisson's Ratio of Woven Fabrics

2016 ◽  
Vol 827 ◽  
pp. 27-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Šimić Penava ◽  
Željko Penava ◽  
Marijana Tkalec
Keyword(s):  
Poisson’S Ratio ◽  
Experimental Testing ◽  
Tensile Force ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Poisson's Ratio ◽  
Basic Material ◽  
Relative Extension ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Uniaxial Testing ◽  
Coated Fabrics

Coated fabrics have complex composite structure whose mechanical properties are considerably improved in relation with the initial basic material. They are obtained by applying a certain number of coatings to raw fabrics. In this paper the practical application of uniaxial testing of coated fabrics for determining its breaking properties and Poisson’s ratio is presented. Due to the anisotropy of woven and coated fabrics, Poisson's ratio changes over the fabric sample stretching. Experimental testing were carried out on two samples of plain weave cotton fabrics. The fabrics were tested before coating, and after one, two and three coatings. Samples are stretched with tensile force in the weft and warp direction, and based on different measured values of fabric stretching, warp and weft Poisson's ratio is calculated. The values of tensile force and relative extension of coated fabrics were measured, and breaking force values, elongation at break, contractions at break.

Manufacturing Process and Property Evaluation of Functional Composite Yarn-Dyed Woven Fabrics Made from Bamboo Charcoal/Stainless Steel and TPU

2008 ◽  
Vol 55-57 ◽  
pp. 413-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.I. Huang ◽  
C.I. Su ◽  
Ching Wen Lou ◽  
Wen Hao Hsing ◽  
Jia Horng Lin
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Far Infrared ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Woven Fabric ◽  
Weft Yarn ◽  
Bamboo Charcoal ◽  
Functional Composite ◽  
Composite Yarn ◽  
Composite Fabrics

Recently, development of technology increases human life quality and gradually raises the value of health protection in human’s concept. Bamboo has multi-functional including far infrared radiation, deodorization and anion generation. Therefore, bamboo charcoal has been widely used in textile industry. Moreover, development of technology also increased the electromagnetic hazard in human’s daily life. This study aims to develop a manufacturing process of functional composite yarn-dyed woven fabrics. In the manufacturing process, the materials included pure cotton yarn, stainless steel fiber(called metallic yarn) and viscose rayon yarn containing bamboo charcoal (called bamboo charcoal yarn) were used for making the bamboo charcoal/stainless steel composite woven fabric. The composite woven fabrics were woven by using same warp yarn and two kinds of weft yarn that contained bamboo charcoal and stainless steel. The composite fabrics had two different structures. Those fabrics were changed the order of bamboo charcoal yarn and metallic yarn. The ratios of weft yarn were 1 end of bamboo charcoal yarn to 1 end of metallic yarn and 3 ends of bamboo charcoal yarn to 1 end of metallic yarn. Furthermore, the fabrication of composite fabrics that included plain, 2/2 twill and dobby were changed. The composite woven fabrics were finished and laminated by TPU film to enhance the waterproof and vapor permeable functions. The laminated composite fabrics were evaluated by far-infrared coefficient, anion generation rate, water vapor permeability, water resistance, surface electric resistance and electromagnetic shelter property to obtained optimal manufacturing process.

Preparation and Swelling Dynamics Characterization of Poly(N, N-Diethylacrylamide-Co-Itaconic Acid) Intelligent Hydrogels

2012 ◽  
Vol 490-495 ◽  
pp. 3382-3386
Author(s):  
Xiao Qi Li ◽  
Nai Yan Zhang ◽  
Jun Hai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Itaconic Acid ◽  
Monomer Concentration ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Solution Temperature ◽  
Temperature Changes ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Total Monomer Concentration ◽  
Equilibrium Swelling Ratio ◽  
Composition Ratios ◽  
Response To Temperature

Poly(N,N-diethylacrylamide) (PDEA) hydrogel is known for their intelligent reversible swelling/deswelling behavior in response to temperature changes across a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) at around 31oC. In this study, itaconic acid (IA) was co-polymerized with N, N-diethylacrylamide (DEA) monomer to improve the swelling behavior and the total absorbing water. These copolymer hydrogels were prepared by changing the initial DEA/IA molar ratio and total monomer concentration. The chemical structure of hydrogels was characterized by fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In comparison with the PDEA hydrogel, the equilibrium swelling ratio (ESR) of the hydrogels increase with the increase of IA content in the feed and the swelling dynamics behaviors of the different composition ratios of the P(DEA-co-IA) hydrogels on the different temperatures was investigated in detail.

Layer-by-Layer Structure Design of G@SiOx@PPY Materials as Promising High-Performance Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

NANO ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 2150120
Author(s):  
Jiaying Zhang ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Jingjing Zhang ◽  
Chun Ju Lv ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Layer Structure ◽  
Synergetic Effect ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Electrochemical Performances ◽  
Cyclic Stability ◽  
Discharge Cycle ◽  
Charge Discharge

The graphene/silicon oxide/polypyrrole (G/SiOx/PPY) material was prepared in this paper. The G/SiOx/PPY material has good electrochemical performances including high capacity and cyclic stability. It has 2068/2130[Formula: see text]mAh g[Formula: see text] of capacity after 100th charge/discharge cycle at 200[Formula: see text]mA[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] of current density and 575/569[Formula: see text]mAh[Formula: see text]g[Formula: see text] of capacity after 100th charge/discharge cycle at 2000[Formula: see text]mA g[Formula: see text] of current density when G/SiOx molar ratio is 1:5. Its capacity increases but its cyclic stability decreases with G/SiOx molar ratio decreasing from 1:1 to 1:3 and 1:5. The electrochemical performance improvement of the G/SiOx/PPY material is due to the synergetic effect of graphene and polypyrrole, which improve the conductivity of SiOx and prevent its dropping from the surface of the electrode caused by the stress due to the volume expansion and shrinkage in charge/discharge cycles.

Product Ergonomics Design Driven by Parametric Human Body Model

2011 ◽  
Vol 215 ◽  
pp. 136-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Jiang ◽  
Chun Fu Lu ◽  
Xiao Jian Liu
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Structure Design ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Structure Model ◽  
Human Body Model ◽  
Body Model ◽  
Driving Model ◽  
Human Body Models

Considering the demands for product ergonomics design, the paper proposed a driven design method for product’s shape and structure design through the manipulation of human body models. Based on the anthropometry data, a parametric human body driving model system is established with three layers, which are structure model, dimension model and surface model. The driven design method of product ergonomics design is realized, in which human body data are directly mapped to product design parameters. The driven design method provides a rational way to utilize ergonomics design principles and guarantee higher efficiency and more reliability. The method is tested in seat design examples.

Multiaxis three-dimensional weaving for composites: A review

2012 ◽  
Vol 82 (7) ◽  
pp. 725-743 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadir Bilisik
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Knitted Fabrics ◽  
Layer Sequence ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Unit Cells ◽  
End Use ◽  
3D Woven Fabrics ◽  
3D Weaving

The aim of this study is to review three-dimensional (3D) fabrics and a critical review is especially provided on the development of multiaxis 3D woven preform structures and techniques. 3D preforms are classified based on various parameters depending on the fiber sets, fiber orientation and interlacements, and micro–meso unit cells and macro geometry. Biaxial and triaxial two-dimensional (2D) fabrics have been widely used as structural composite parts in various technical areas. However, they suffer delamination between their layers due to the lack of fibers. 3D woven fabrics have multiple layers and no delamination due to the presence of Z-fibers. However, the 3D woven fabrics have low in-plane properties. Multiaxis 3D knitted fabrics have no delamination and their in-plane properties are enhanced due to the ±bias yarn layers. However, they have limitations regarding multiple layering and layer sequences. Multiaxis 3D woven fabrics have multiple layers and no delamination due to Z-fibers and in-plane properties enhanced due to the ±bias yarn layers. Also, the layer sequence can be arranged based on end-use requirements. However, the multiaxis 3D weaving technique is at an early stage of development and needs to be fully automated. This will be a future technological challenge in the area of multiaxis 3D weaving.

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