Delayed Gratification in Political Participation

2020 ◽  
pp. 1532673X2097235
Author(s):  
Jerome Schafer
Keyword(s):  
Political Participation ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Time Preferences ◽  
Monetary Incentives ◽  
Delayed Gratification ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Political Decisions ◽  
Over Time

Delayed gratification is associated with myriad desirable outcomes—like eating right and saving money. In this article, I explore whether it also increases political participation. To this end, I provide an explicit decision-theoretic framework, which predicts that less patient individuals are less willing to vote and to donate; these forms of participation are costly before Election Day, but their rewards are partially delayed. I then discuss how to elicit individual time preferences with real monetary incentives. In the empirical analysis, I provide evidence from a representative U.S. survey showing that monetary discount rates predict turnout and donations. Though mostly correlational and exploratory, these findings hold when controlling for a host of potential confounds. Overall, my results indicate that impatient types are less likely to prepare for and ultimately participate in elections. This sheds light on when and how deep psychological traits constrain political decisions involving a trade-off over time.

scholarly journals Estimating Dynamic Games of Electoral Competition to Evaluate Term Limits in US Gubernatorial Elections

2017 ◽  
Vol 107 (7) ◽  
pp. 1824-1857 ◽  
Author(s):  
Holger Sieg ◽  
Chamna Yoon
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Dynamic Games ◽  
Electoral Competition ◽  
Term Limits ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Political Candidates ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Perfect Monitoring ◽  
The Empirical Analysis

This paper shows how to identify and estimate, using standard semi-parametric techniques, a class of dynamic games with perfect monitoring, that have been at the frontier of recent research in political economy. The empirical analysis provides novel quantitative insights into the trade-off that voters face between ideology and ability, the differences in ability and ideology among parties and states, and the differences in preferences between political candidates and voters. We analyze the consequences of term limits and quantify their relative importance. Specifically, we characterize conditions under which term limits improve voters' welfare. (JEL C57, C73, D72)

Risk connectedness of selected CESEE stock markets: a spillover index approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 447-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tihana Škrinjarić ◽  
Boško Šego
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Investment Strategies ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Index Approach ◽  
Dynamic Portfolio ◽  
International Investors ◽  
Developed Stock Markets ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically evaluate risk spillovers between selected CESEE (Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe) stock markets in order to evaluate the possibilities of an international diversification of a portfolio. Design/methodology/approach The VAR model and the Diebold and Yilmaz (2009, 2012) spillover index are used, with rolling indices estimation over time in order to observe dynamics, which is important for investment strategies. Data are monthly and include selected CESEE stock market indices which were available to the researcher. Findings The empirical analysis for the period of January 2012–June 2019 indicates that some country risks were the net emitter of shocks in the system (Slovenia and Czech Republic), whereas some were net receivers (Croatia and Ukraine). The results are robust with respect to changing the length of the rolling window analysis, which means that investors could utilize such an approach in a dynamic portfolio selection. Research limitations/implications Observing only selected markets due to data (un)availability. Practical implications The paper shows how international investors can utilize the aforementioned methodology in order to make a more detailed analysis of the dynamics of stock markets connectedness so that international portfolios can be rebalanced according to the results and investors’ preferences. Originality/value This is the first such research which focuses on CESEE countries, since existing research is focused on more developed stock markets. Moreover, the empirical analysis extends to commenting the pairwise net indices over time, which is important for the dynamic portfolio rebalancing over time.

The use of migration matrices to test the sustainability of the top ranked restaurants: a methodological note

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. François Outreville
Keyword(s):  
Real Number ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Migration Rate ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Rating Systems ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Migration Rates ◽  
Default Rate ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a new methodology to estimate the migration of grades of top rated restaurant and the default rate over time. Design/methodology/approach To demonstrate how to develop migration matrices the empirical results are based on the real number of top-rated French restaurants in Gault-Millau in a specific year and how they migrate from one grade to another over the period 1974–2010. Findings The purpose of the empirical analysis is only to illustrate the methodology. It is shown that migration rates are relatively stable over time. Research limitations/implications Results are presented only to illustrate the methodology. Further analysis could provide a sound basis to compare the rating systems from one guide to another. Originality/value This research note explores the notion of migration rate by developing an alternative way of measuring how restaurants survive over time.

scholarly journals Varieties of populism: insights from the Italian case

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuela Caiani ◽  
Paolo R. Graziano
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Political Parties ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Communication Style ◽  
Italian Case ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Over Time

Academic attention to populism has sharply increased in recent years. Yet, a commonly accepted definition is still lacking, with scholars disagreeing on categorization, labels, and boundaries between its different manifestations. In this article, through an analysis of Euromanifestos and party statutes, we address the interactions between Italian political parties and populism by adopting the various definitions available in populism theory, that is, populism as (i) ideology, (ii) rhetoric, (iii) communication style, and (iv) organization. Our aim is to identify all major attributes linked to populism and empirically investigate them with lower level indicators, measuring and comparing them across Italian parties and over time. The empirical analysis, conducted through a formalized content analysis of the European electoral programmes and party statutes, considers populism not as a discrete concept but rather as a continuous one and therefore enables us to undercover the variety of populisms within the Italian parties. The main finding of the article is that over the last decades all Italian parties have shown some signs of populism and that the intensification of populist features is strongly linked to the exarcebation of the financial and economic crisis, and its governance.

Conceptualizing Left and Right in comparative politics

2010 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-765 ◽  
Author(s):  
Detlef Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Methodological Perspective ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Robust Measures ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Country Specific

Despite the importance of the Left-Right dimension in comparative politics, establishing an index that captures this dimension in both a theoretically and empirically sound manner remains an ongoing challenge for political scientists. Having reviewed existing attempts to construct measures for the Left-Right dimension, and having concluded that they are merely inductive and problematic from a methodological perspective, this article proposes a deductive approach based on Norberto Bobbio’s theory of Left and Right and suggests a combination with statistically robust measures drawn from the data provided by the Comparative Manifesto Project (CMP). The fundamental features of the proposed index are: first, Left and Right are theoretical concepts which should be accounted for in the empirical analysis. Second, the Left-Right dimension is time- and country-specific. Third, different statements have different meanings on a Left-Right scale. Fourth, the importance of the Left-Right dimension itself varies over time and across countries. Finally, the data have to be analysed adequately.

The Word Class Adjective in English Business Magazines Online

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 99-115
Author(s):  
Borislav Marušić ◽  
Sanda Katavić-Čaušić
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Study ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Word Formation ◽  
Word Class ◽  
Business English ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Comprehensive Picture ◽  
English Syntax ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The aim of this paper is to research the word class adjective in one sequence of the ESP: Business English, more precisely English business magazines online. It is an empirical study on the corpus taken from a variety of business magazines online. The empirical analysis allows a comprehensive insight into the word class adjective in this variety of Business English and makes its contribution to English syntax, semantics and word formation. The syntactic part analyses the adjective position in the sentence. The semantic part of the study identifies the most common adjectives that appear in English business magazines online. Most of the analysis is devoted to the word formation of the adjectives found in the corpus. The corpus is analysed in such a way that it enables its division into compounds, derivatives and conversions. The results obtained in this way will give a comprehensive picture of the word class adjective in this type of Business English and can act as a starting point for further research of the word class adjective.

ICT SMEs, Performance, Absorptive Capacity and Transformative Capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 178-188
Author(s):  
Yeon-Sung Cho ◽  
Kyung-Il Khoe
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Market Orientation ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Absorptive Capacity ◽  
Latent Variables ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Transformative Capacity ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Empirical Analysis ◽  
Innovative Capacity

This study intends to integrate the relationship of market orientation, innovative capacity and firm performance to Information and Communication Technology(ICT) SMEs. The purpose of this study is to identify the role of absorptive capacity and transformative capacity that affect the performance of ICT SMEs. Hypotheses were established between five latent variables. A total of six hypotheses were established including the moderated effects of absorptive capacity and transformative capacity. Of the data collected after the survey, 112 valid surveys were selected as the final sample, except for 17 questionnaires with high non - response and insincere response. The empirical analysis of this study used smartpls3.0, Partial Least Squares (PLS), a variance-based structural equation modeling. The empirical analysis of this study revealed that the impact of market orientation on innovative capacity was significant. Moreover, the innovative capacity had a positive effect on the performance of ICT SMEs. In addition, the absorptive activity had a positive moderated effect between the market orientation and the innovative capacity. On the other hand, the transformative capacity showed a positive moderated effect in relation to innovative capacity and firm performance. Our empirical results have demonstrated the importance of knowledge based capacity in the ICT SMEs.

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