scholarly journals Epigenetic regulation of peroxiredoxins: Implications in the pathogenesis of cancer

2016 ◽  
Vol 242 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suet-Hui Ow ◽  
Pei-Jou Chua ◽  
Boon-Huat Bay
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Regulators ◽  
Future Treatments ◽  
Peroxiredoxin I ◽  
Reversible Nature

Peroxiredoxin I to VI (PRX I–VI), a family of highly conserved antioxidants, has been implicated in numerous diseases. There have been reports that PRXs are expressed aberrantly in a variety of tumors, implying that they could play an important role in carcinogenesis. Epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone modifications, and microRNAs have been reported to modulate expression of PRXs. In addition, the use of epigenetic regulators, such as histone deacetylases, has been demonstrated to restore PRX to normal levels, indicating that the reversible nature of epigenetics can be exploited for future treatments.

scholarly journals Epigenetic Mechanisms Involved in Cisplatin-Induced Nephrotoxicity: An Update

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Pía Loren ◽  
Nicolás Saavedra ◽  
Kathleen Saavedra ◽  
Tomás Zambrano ◽  
Patricia Moriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Solid Tumors ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
New Strategies

Cisplatin is an antineoplastic drug used for the treatment of many solid tumors. Among its various side effects, nephrotoxicity is the most detrimental. In recent years, epigenetic regulation has emerged as a modulatory mechanism of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity, involving non-coding RNAs, DNA methylation and histone modifications. These epigenetic marks alter different signaling pathways leading to damage and cell death. In this review, we describe how different epigenetic modifications alter different pathways leading to cell death by apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, among others. The study of epigenetic regulation is still under development, and much research remains to fully determine the epigenetic mechanisms underlying cell death, which will allow leading new strategies for the diagnosis and therapy of this disease.

Epigenetic Mechanisms Mediate Nicotine-Induced Reward and Behaviour in Zebrafish

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Paula Faillace ◽  
Ramón O. Bernabeu
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Dna Methyltransferase ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Chemical Modifications ◽  
Simultaneous Treatment ◽  
Polymerase Binding

: Nicotine induces long-term changes in the neural activity of the mesocorticolimbic reward pathway structures. The mechanisms involved in this process have not been fully characterized. The hypothesis discussed here proposed that epigenetic regulation participates in installing persistent adaptations and long-lasting synaptic plasticity generated by nicotine action on the mesolimbic dopamine neurons of zebrafish. The epigenetic mechanisms induced by nicotine entail histone and DNA chemical modifications, which have been described to lead to changes in gene expression. Among the enzymes that catalyze epigenetic chemical modifications, histone deacetylases (HDACs) remove acetyl groups from histones, thereby facilitating DNA relaxation and making DNA more accessible to gene transcription. DNA methylation, which is dependent on DNA methyltransferase (DNMTs) activity, inhibits gene expression by recruiting several methyl binding proteins that prevent RNA polymerase binding to DNA. In zebrafish, phenylbutyrate (PhB), an HDAC inhibitor, abolishes nicotine rewarding properties together with a series of typical reward-associated behaviors. Furthermore, PhB and nicotine alter long- and short-term object recognition memory in zebrafish, respectively. Regarding DNA methylation effects, a methyl group donor L-methionine (L-met) was found to dramatically reduce nicotine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) in zebrafish. Simultaneous treatment with DNMT inhibitor 5-aza-2’-deoxycytidine (AZA) was found to reverse the L-met effect on nicotine-induced CPP as well as nicotine reward-specific impact on genetic expression in zebrafish. Therefore, pharmacological interventions that modulate gene expression epigenetic regulation should be considered a potential therapeutic method to treat nicotine addiction.

scholarly journals Epigenetic determinants in rheumatoid arthritis: the influence of DNA methylation and histone modifications

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (0) ◽  
pp. 0-0
Author(s):  
Bogdan Kolarz ◽  
Maria Majdan
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Dna Methyltransferases ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Post Translational Modifications ◽  
Methylation Of Dna

Epigenetics is a field of science which describes external and environmental modifications to DNA without altering their primary sequences of nucleotides. Contrary to genetic changes, epigenetic modifications are reversible. The epigenetic changes appear as a result of the influence of external factors, such as diet or stress. Epigenetic mechanisms alter the accessibility of DNA by methylation of DNA or post-translational modifications of histones (acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitinqation). The extent of DNA methylation depends on the balance between DNA methyltransferases and demethylases. The main histone modifications are stimulated by K-acetyltransferases, histone deacetylases, K-metyltransferases and K-demethylases. There is proof that environmental modifications of this enzymes regulate immunological processes including autoimmunity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this work we present epigenetic mechanisms involved in RA pathogenesis and a range of research presenting the possible impact of its modification in RA patients.

scholarly journals Epigenetic regulation (DNA methylation, histone modifications) of the 11p15 mucin genes (MUC2, MUC5AC, MUC5B, MUC6) in epithelial cancer cells

Oncogene ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (45) ◽  
pp. 6566-6576 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vincent ◽  
M Perrais ◽  
J-L Desseyn ◽  
J-P Aubert ◽  
P Pigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Epigenetic Regulation ◽  
Epithelial Cancer ◽  
Mucin Genes

scholarly journals DNA methylation: dynamic and stable regulation of memory

2011 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 459-467 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Vaissière ◽  
Courtney A. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Transcriptional Regulation ◽  
Learning And Memory ◽  
Gene Transcription ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Epigenetic Changes ◽  
Central Process ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Epigenetic Events

AbstractEpigenetic mechanisms have emerged as a central process in learning and memory. Histone modifications and DNA methy­lation are epigenetic events that can mediate gene transcription. Interesting features of these epigenetic changes are their transient and long lasting potential. Recent advances in neuroscience suggest that DNA methylation is both dynamic and stable, mediating the formation and maintenance of memory. In this review, we will further illustrate the recent hypothesis that DNA methylation participates in the transcriptional regulation necessary for memory.

scholarly journals Integration of Epigenetic Mechanisms into Non-Genotoxic Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Focus on DNA Methylation and Histone Modifications

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (20) ◽  
pp. 10969
Author(s):  
Daniel Desaulniers ◽  
Paule Vasseur ◽  
Abigail Jacobs ◽  
M. Cecilia Aguila ◽  
Norman Ertych ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Hazard Assessment ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms ◽  
Cancer Hallmarks ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Chemical Hazard ◽  
Chemical Carcinogenicity ◽  
Covalent Modifications

Epigenetics involves a series of mechanisms that entail histone and DNA covalent modifications and non-coding RNAs, and that collectively contribute to programing cell functions and differentiation. Epigenetic anomalies and DNA mutations are co-drivers of cellular dysfunctions, including carcinogenesis. Alterations of the epigenetic system occur in cancers whether the initial carcinogenic events are from genotoxic (GTxC) or non-genotoxic (NGTxC) carcinogens. NGTxC are not inherently DNA reactive, they do not have a unifying mode of action and as yet there are no regulatory test guidelines addressing mechanisms of NGTxC. To fil this gap, the Test Guideline Programme of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development is developing a framework for an integrated approach for the testing and assessment (IATA) of NGTxC and is considering assays that address key events of cancer hallmarks. Here, with the intent of better understanding the applicability of epigenetic assays in chemical carcinogenicity assessment, we focus on DNA methylation and histone modifications and review: (1) epigenetic mechanisms contributing to carcinogenesis, (2) epigenetic mechanisms altered following exposure to arsenic, nickel, or phenobarbital in order to identify common carcinogen-specific mechanisms, (3) characteristics of a series of epigenetic assay types, and (4) epigenetic assay validation needs in the context of chemical hazard assessment. As a key component of numerous NGTxC mechanisms of action, epigenetic assays included in IATA assay combinations can contribute to improved chemical carcinogen identification for the better protection of public health.

scholarly journals The role of histone modifications and DNA methylation in renal cell carcinoma development

2012 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 59-76
Author(s):  
Lilia R Kutlyeva ◽  
Irina R Gilayzova ◽  
Rita I Khusainova ◽  
Elsa K Khusnutdinova
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Renal Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Gene Regulation ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Genomic Imprinting ◽  
Histone Modifications ◽  
Renal Cell ◽  
Human Cancer ◽  
Epigenetic Mechanisms

Epigenetic mechanisms of gene regulation play a key role in carcinogenesis. This review will focus on the recent advances of epigenetic investigations in the development of human cancer. The role of histone modifications, genomic imprinting and DNA methylation in renal cell carcinoma development and progression will be considered.

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