Extended School Year: Legal Issues and Implications

1993 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Jane K. Rapport ◽  
Stephen B. Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Severe Disabilities ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Extended School Year ◽  
School Year ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Goals And Objectives

Much of the research and material published on the extended school year (ESY) to date has failed to provide comprehensive and accurate information on determining eligibility and the need for ESY services for children with disabilities. Eligibility for ESY can be based on several criteria, including individual need, nature and severity of the disability, educational benefit, regression and recoupment, self-sufficiency and independence, and failing to meet short-term goals and objectives. An examination of the ESY case law history reveals that it is difficult to determine “judicially manageable standards” for the various categories of eligibility. Therefore, decisions regarding ESY are based on an assimilation of criteria, particularly when considering ESY for children with severe disabilities. This article provides a thorough (exhaustive) review of the legal issues, including statutory and case law, and practical guidelines that will assist educators in their efforts to comply with federal statutes.

Legal Issues concerning Children with Autism and Pervasive Developmental Disabilities

1995 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lyman W. Boomer ◽  
Linda Garrison-Harrell
Keyword(s):  
Educational System ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Children And Youth ◽  
Court Cases ◽  
Educational Placement ◽  
Extended School Year ◽  
Facilitated Communication ◽  
The Past ◽  
School Year

Children and youth with autism often present special challenges to the educational system. Issues related to these challenges are reflected in court cases involving these students and those charged with providing services. Much of the litigation of the past few years has been related to appropriate educational placement, extended school year services, the use of aversive contingencies to central aberrant behavior, and the use of specific forms of augmentative communication (i.e., facilitated communication). This article examines recent ruling in these areas and their implications for the education of children with autism.

Mainstreaming and the Inservice Education of Teachers

1983 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 432-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Powers
Keyword(s):  
Data Base ◽  
School Administration ◽  
Inservice Training ◽  
Instructional Materials ◽  
Inservice Education ◽  
Information Base ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Practical Guidelines ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
Inservice Program

While inservice training has been consistently supported as essential to successful mainstreaming, too little attention has been paid to constructing a viable information base from which decisions regarding inservice might be generated. Although insufficient empirical information exists on inservice approaches to formulate a strong data base, attention to those factors associated with previous inservice successes should enhance the probability that any particular inservice program will be effective. Toward that end, this article represents a literature-based set of practical guidelines in the areas of inservice method, format, design, content, needs assessment, planning, goals and objectives, location, scheduling, evaluation, incentives, training personnel, school administration, and instructional materials.

Extended School Year

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Brian Reichow ◽  
Fred R. Volkmar
Keyword(s):  
Extended School Year ◽  
School Year

scholarly journals Characterization of COVID-19’s Impact on Mobility and Short-Term Prediction of Public Transport Demand in a Mid-Size City in Spain

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (19) ◽  
pp. 6574
Author(s):  
Ana Belén Rodríguez González ◽  
Mark R. Wilby ◽  
Juan José Vinagre Díaz ◽  
Rubén Fernández Pozo
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Traffic Monitoring ◽  
Health Economy ◽  
Accurate Information ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
The Impact

COVID-19 has dramatically struck each section of our society: health, economy, employment, and mobility. This work presents a data-driven characterization of the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on public and private mobility in a mid-size city in Spain (Fuenlabrada). Our analysis used real data collected from the public transport smart card system and a Bluetooth traffic monitoring network, from February to September 2020, thus covering relevant phases of the pandemic. Our results show that, at the peak of the pandemic, public and private mobility dramatically decreased to 95% and 86% of their pre-COVID-19 values, after which the latter experienced a faster recovery. In addition, our analysis of daily patterns evidenced a clear change in the behavior of users towards mobility during the different phases of the pandemic. Based on these findings, we developed short-term predictors of future public transport demand to provide operators and mobility managers with accurate information to optimize their service and avoid crowded areas. Our prediction model achieved a high performance for pre- and post-state-of-alarm phases. Consequently, this work contributes to enlarging the knowledge about the impact of pandemic on mobility, providing a deep analysis about how it affected each transport mode in a mid-size city.

scholarly journals Options for solving the problem of parts of the Shelter object located outside the New Safe Confinement

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-65
Author(s):  
O. V. Balan ◽  
◽  
S. Gh. Brylka ◽  
V. V. Derengovskyi ◽  
V. V. Yehorov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Radiation Condition ◽  
Design Stage ◽  
Final Decision ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Design Studies ◽  
Financial Costs ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Goals And Objectives

The parts of the Shelter object structures remained outside the New Safe Confinement (protruding parts) are considered in the article. The analysis of the building structures condition of the turbine hall and the deaerator stack protruding parts on the east and west sides is carried out and the necessity of works on strengthening and/or dismantling of bearing structures is confirmed. Possible variants of reconstruction of the Shelter object protruding parts are stated and the technological sequence of works is provided. The analysis of the possibilities of performing works in the conditions of functioning of the New Safe Confinement — Shelter object system proved that such activity is rather difficult task, which can cause significant physical and financial costs. As there is no guarantee of trouble-free operation of the building structures of the protruding parts during the entire service life of the New Safe Confinement, it is necessary to make every effort to solve this problem in the short term. The results of the analysis allow to choose the most advantageous solution to the goals and objectives for the safest and most cost/effective dismantling and/or strengthening of structures of protruding parts, taking into account a number of different criteria. These criteria may be different in nature, which allowed to build a generalized efficiency indicator for individual criteria with certain weights that determine the importance of each of the criteria for decision making. Based on the results of the analysis, these options can be considered equivalent. The final decision on the choice of the optimal variant for the Shelter object protruding parts reconstruction can be made after detailing the technological decisions at the design stage of protruding parts reconstruction and before the design studies of the radiation condition in the work area. The obtained information can be used as input data during the design of the reconstruction of the deaerator stack and the turbine hall parts of the Shelter object, which protrude beyond the New Safe Confinement.

INCREASING THE IMPORTANCE OF HR-CONSULTING IN THE CONDITIONS OF ECONOMIC UNCERTAINTY

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1042-1049
Author(s):  
M.E. Smirnova ◽  
◽  
A.O. Subocheva ◽  
I.N. Belogrud ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Resources ◽  
Personnel Management ◽  
Labor Relations ◽  
Adaptation Period ◽  
Economic Uncertainty ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Personnel Assessment ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Goals And Objectives ◽  
And Training

In the conditions of economic uncertainty, serious requirements are put forward for the personnel management system. Special skills and qualifications of personnel are increasingly prevailing as the main competitive companies’ advantage in the struggle for a leading position in the market. In the short term, highly dynamic employment processes are expected, as many organizations aim to significantly adjust existing labor relations. Personnel consulting reflect the activity to solve the tasks set for the top personnel management in order to increase the profitability of the organization. The object of the personnel audit is the internal labor market, that is, the available human resources are considered, in particular, the workforce, various aspects of the organization’s production activities. Effectiveness evaluation of the methods of vocational guidance and adaptation, identification and diagnosis of problems arising during the adaptation period is also one of the main parameters. Thus, the specific diversity of personnel audit is determined by the goals and objectives. The lack of personnel assessment and development systems in the company entails serious risks in forming and implementation of management decisions, which can also lead to serious costs for the organization. Personnel assessment using transparent and understandable criteria, organization of trainings and training for employees, formation of programs for the development of professional competencies are not only conditions for retaining employees, but also a tool for developing the organization’s HR brand.

Computer-generated Works under the CDPA 1988

2021 ◽  
pp. 177-195
Author(s):  
Jyh-An Lee
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Issues ◽  
Policy Perspective ◽  
Human Creativity ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Right ◽  
Joint Authorship

Copyright protection in some commonwealth jurisdictions extends to computer-generated works. Although many scholars deem the right over computer-generated works to be a neighbouring right, it is still not clear under what circumstances a work is a computer-generated work. With the increasing application of artificial intelligence (AI), the copyright controversies associated with computer-generated works have become even more complicated. This chapter focuses on policy and legal issues surrounding the output of AI and copyright protection of computer-generated work under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act (CDPA) 1988 in the UK. The CDPA approach to computer-generated work deviates from the mainstream international copyright practices, where human creativity is essential for authorship and copyright protection. From a policy perspective, it is important to explore whether this deviation can be justified. This chapter also investigates authorship issues concerning computer-generated works based on case law and its application, in particular who the person making the necessary arrangements is, and what the necessary arrangements in the AI environment are. Other issues relevant to computer-generated work, such as copyright term and joint authorship will be analysed as well.

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