scholarly journals Upper Extremity Biomechanics and Gender: The Effects of Modern Computing Technologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 967-971
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Coppola ◽  
Jack.T Dennerlein
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Activity Performance ◽  
Repetitive Injury ◽  
Technical Specifications ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Forearm Muscle ◽  
Recent Laboratory

Mobile computing devices are often designed with a one-size-fits-all approach, and consumers purchase devices based off of technical specifications rather than whether the devices fit them. Female gender is associated with higher risks of upper extremity repetitive injury, which may be caused by the generally smaller anthropometry of women (Cote, 2011; Won, Johnson, Punnett, & Dennerlein, 2009). This paper explores two mobile technologies’ effects on forearm muscle activity, performance, and self-reported experience within each gender for two recent laboratory experiments. A typing study with four short travel keyboards showed that female participants are more affected by different key switch designs than male participants. A touchscreen thumb swiping study revealed that male and female participants were similarly affected by tablet size, swipe location, and swipe direction. These results demonstrate the need to include both genders in usability testing for mobile technology and to consider individual differences when designing technologies.

scholarly journals Factors Affecting the Control of Chronic Rhinosinusitis With Nasal Polyps: A Comparison in Patients With or Without NERD

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 215265672110038
Author(s):  
Markus Jukka Lilja ◽  
Anni Koskinen ◽  
Paula Virkkula ◽  
Seija Inkeri Vento ◽  
Jyri Myller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Logrank Test ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Advanced Therapy ◽  
And Gender

Objectives The aim was to compare the control of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) after endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS), in patients with/without nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug exacerbated respiratory disease (NERD). Study Desing: A retrospective hospital-based sample of CRSwNP patients with/without NERD with follow-up. Setting Tertiary rhinology centers. Methods Electronic patient record data from 116 CRSwNP patients (46 with NERD and 70 without NERD) undergoing ESS during 2001–17 were studied. Mean follow-up time was 9.9 years (range 1.1–15.3). Endpoints reflecting uncontrolled CRSwNP were revision ESS, and need for rescue/advanced therapy (e.g. antibiotics, oral corticosteroids and/or biological therapy) during follow-up. NERD was variable of interest and gender, age, asthma, allergic rhinitis (AR), smoking, Lund-Mackay (LM) score of sinus computed tomography scans previous ESS and baseline total ethmoidectomy were used as covariates. Results Twenty-one (49.7%) NERD patients and 18 (25.7%) non-NERD patients underwent revision ESS within a mean ± SD of 4.3 ± 2.8 and 3.7 ± 2.6 years, respectively (p = .013, by Logrank test). In Cox´s regression models, NERD, female gender, young age, asthma, AR, previous ESS, and lack of total ethmoidectomy were associated with revision-ESS. In adjusted model, only the total ethmoidectomy predicted revision-free survival. In adjusted logistic regression model, there was an insignificant trend that NERD and LM score were associated with the need for rescue/advanced therapy in the follow-up. Conclusions Patients with NERD had higher risk of uncontrolled CRSwNP than patient group without NERD, as measured by revision ESS and/or need for rescue/advanced therapy in the follow-up. In addition, baseline total ethmoidectomy was associated with revision-free survival.

scholarly journals Social Tipping Interventions Can Promote the Diffusion or Decay of Sustainable Consumption Norms in the Field. Evidence from a Quasi-Experimental Intervention Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3529
Author(s):  
Joël Berger
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable ◽  
Carbon Neutrality ◽  
Consumption Decisions ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Field Evidence ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Recent Laboratory

The diffusion of environmentally sustainable consumption patterns is crucial for reaching net carbon neutrality. As a promising policy tool for reaching this goal, scholars have put forward social tipping interventions (SOTIs). “Social tipping” refers to the phenomenon that a small initial change in a parameter of a social system can create abrupt, nonlinear change via self-reinforcing feedback. If this reduces the burden on the environment, it is of potential interest for environmental policy. SOTIs are attempts to create social tipping intentionally. SOTIs produce rapid norm changes in laboratory experiments. However, little is known about the potential of SOTIs in the field. This research reports on a field intervention promoting the consumption of hot beverages in reusable mugs instead of one-way cups, conducted at Swiss university cafeterias (N = 162,523 consumption decisions). Two SOTIs involved an appeal promoting sustainable consumption with regular feedback about the current prevalence of sustainable consumption. Two control treatments involved either the same appeal without feedback or no intervention. This research offers three key findings. First, SOTIs involving regular normative feedback can transform sustainable consumption from a minority behavior into a social norm within weeks. Second, tipping points in real-world environmental dilemmas may exceed the values found in recent laboratory experiments (≥50% vs. ≥25%). Third, SOTIs can also promote the decay of sustainable consumption. By implication, the risk-free use of SOTIs requires deeper insights into the boundary conditions of these dynamics.

Neck and upper extremity problems in car assembly workers. A comparison of subjective complaints, work satisfaction, physical examination and gender

1997 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl Zetterberg ◽  
Anette Forsberg ◽  
Elisabeth Hansson ◽  
Helena Johansson ◽  
Pia Nielsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Examination ◽  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Subjective Complaints ◽  
And Gender

How race and gender shape the development of social prototypes in the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Lei ◽  
Rachel Leshin ◽  
Kelsey Moty ◽  
Emily Foster-Hanson ◽  
Marjorie Rhodes
Keyword(s):  
Middle Eastern ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
The United States ◽  
Asian Woman ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Race And Gender ◽  
Cultural Ideologies ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Gender Categories

The present studies examined how gender and race information shape children’s prototypes of various social categories. Children (N=543; Mage=5.81, range=2.75 - 10.62; 281 girls, 262 boys; 193 White, 114 Asian, 71 Black, 50 Hispanic, 39 Multiracial, 7 Middle-Eastern, 69 race unreported) most often chose White people as prototypical of boys and men—a pattern that increased with age. For female gender categories, children most often selected a White girl as prototypical of girls, but an Asian woman as prototypical of women. For superordinate social categories (person and kid), children tended to choose members of their own gender as most representative. Overall, the findings reveal how cultural ideologies and identity-based processes interact to shape the development of social prototypes across childhood.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Gender-Specific Behaviors in the Digital Educational Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (24) ◽  
pp. 155-166
Author(s):  
Jeļena Badjanova ◽  
Dzintra Iliško ◽  
Svetlana Ignatjeva ◽  
Margarita Nesterova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Educational Environment ◽  
Digital Learning ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Teachers Professional Development ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Specific

During the social distancing, an increasing number of people use communication applications, various types of digital tools and programs. Various video conferencing platforms are regularly used in the educational environment. The study presents the analyses how intensive is the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in the educational environment and how it can change cognitive-behavioral gender differences. This is particularly important to pay a special attention to the analysis of gender as a dynamic category, to take into account the processes of gender socialization and transformation of gender identification in the changing social environment. The research methods also included a set of additional methods, such as a focus group on different aspects of gender-specific behavior in the digital learning environment, putting together collages, as well as the method of the unfinished sentence related to the impact of ICT on teachers' professional development and well-being. In the course of the study, it was recognised that the design of social models of male and female gender-specific behaviour includes more than the basic gender identity and gender stability: in today's society, there is a multiplicity of views on the similarities and differences of gender-specific behaviours, and a rapid change in the accepted social guidelines and behavioural patterns is in progress, socio-cultural norms that define the psychological characteristics of women and men, their patterns of behaviour.

Abstract 1520: Are Contemporary Patients Hospitalized with Acute Coronary Syndrome Being Discharged on Intensive Lipid Lowering Therapy?: An Analysis Of 22, 807 Hospitalizations In GWTG-CAD

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Prakash C Deedwania ◽  
Gregg C Fonarow ◽  
Christopher P Cannon ◽  
David Dai
Keyword(s):  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Intensive Therapy ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Lipid Lowering Therapy ◽  
Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Lowering Therapy ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Get With The Guidelines

Background: Based on the documented benefits of intensive lipid lowering therapy (LLT) with statins in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) guidelines recommend intensive LLT in ACS patients. However, little information is available regarding application of these guidelines in hospitalized ACS patients. Methods: The Get With The Guidelines database was analyzed for all ACS hospitalizations from 07/2005 to 04/2007 at 329 hospitals across the USA of which 277 sites reported the dose of LLT. Intensive LLT was defined as that expected to provide a >50% reduction in LDL: atorvastatin 40/80 mg, rosuvastatin 20/40 mg, simvastatin 80 mg, and any statin combined with ezetimibe. All other LLTs were considered less intensive therapy. Results: Of 60,453 ACS hospitalizations, 84.4% eligible were discharged on LLT. LLT dosing was available in 22,807 (37.7%). Of these patients only 8400 (36.8%) of ACS patients were treated at time of discharge with intensive LLT, whereas 63.2% were discharged on less intensive LLT. Comparison of demographic characteristic and clinical features revealed that older age and female gender were associated with use of less intensive LLT whereas patients undergoing PCI with a stent and history of smoking were more likely to receive intensive LLT. Admission LDL level was modestly predictive of more intensive LLT. Conclusions: In this large cohort of contemporary ACS patients, close to two-thirds of eligible patients were not discharged on intensive LLT. Age and gender appear to be significant contributors to less intensive LLT. These findings emphasize the ongoing need for implementation of current guidelines for intensive LLT in ACS patients.

Abstract P113: Female Gender is Associated with a Low Ankle Brachial Index in the General Population

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridhima Kapoor ◽  
Colby Ayers ◽  
Jacquelyn Kulinski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
General Population ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
And Gender

Background: The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a predictor of cardiovascular events, mortality and functional status. Gender differences in ABI have been reported in some population studies. Differences in height might account for these observed gender differences, but findings are conflicting. Objective: This study investigated the association between gender, height and ABI in the general population, independent of traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods: Participants ≥ 40 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 with ABI data, were included. A low ABI was defined as a value < 1.0 (including borderline values). Sample-weighted multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed with low ABI as the dependent variable and height and gender as primary predictor variables of interest. A backward elimination model selection technique was performed to identify significant covariates. Results: There were 3,052 participants with ABI data (mean age 57, 51% female (1570 of 3052). The sample-weighted mean (±SE) ABI was 1.09 (±0.006) and 1.13 (±0.005) for females and males, respectively. Women were more likely to have a low ABI compared to men, 42% (659 of 1570) versus 28% (415 of 1482), respectively (p<0.0001). Female gender was associated with a low ABI (OR 1.34, [95% CI, 1.04-1.72]; p=0.025), independent of traditional CVD risk factors (see Figure). Age, diabetes, tobacco use, known CVD, BMI and black race were also associated with a low ABI (all p<0.003). Self-reported hypertension and non-HDL cholesterol levels, however, were not associated with a low ABI. An interaction between height and body mass index (BMI) was identified. Conclusions: Female gender is associated with a low ABI in the general population. This association appears to be independent of height and other traditional CVD risk factors and warrants further investigation.

Total, Gender- and Age-specific Incidence Rates of Upper Extremity Nerve Injuries in Finland

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsi Wiman ◽  
Sina Hulkkonen ◽  
Jouko Miettunen ◽  
Juha Auvinen ◽  
Jaro Karppinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Upper Extremity ◽  
Nerve Injury ◽  
Normal Population ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Nerve Injuries ◽  
Diagnosis Codes ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
Working Age ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Incident Cases

Abstract Nerve injuries of the upper extremity can cause significant motor and sensory deficits that may lead to personal suffering and work disability with increased healthcare costs. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology of nerve injuries of the upper extremity in the whole population of Finland (1998–2016). Data based on diagnosis codes were obtained from the Care Register for Health Care, including incident cases of median, radial, ulnar, musculocutaneous, axillary, and digital nerves. Age- and gender-specific incidence rates, both crude and standardised (for the European normal population in 2011), were calculated as well as the level of the nerve injuries in the upper extremity. Our study included 13,458 patients with upper extremity nerve injury. The mean standardised incidence rate of any upper extremity nerve injury was 1.18 among men and 0.05 among women per 100,000 person-years over the study period. The incidence peaked among men at working age. The most common nerve injury level was the fingers and thumb, with 5,533 cases and mean standardised incidence rates per 100,000 person-years of 0.51 among men and 0.19 among women.

Mobile Technologies and Gender Rituals

2014 ◽  
pp. 85-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheryll Ruth R. Soriano
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Devices ◽  
Mobile Device ◽  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Social Order ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Work Family ◽  
Developing Society

This chapter explores the implications of mobile technologies on gender through the lens of gender rituals. While maintaining social order and social roles, rituals also legitimate key category differences, ideologies, and inequalities. The increasing convergence of media and content in mobile devices, and the blurring of the spaces for work, family, and leisure amidst the landscape of globalization and mobility have important implications for the enactment of rituals, and in the performance of gender. The chapter discusses this mutual shaping of gender rituals and mobile technologies through a case study of the Philippines, with some broad implications for other contexts. The study finds that the personalization, mobility, and multitude of applications afforded by mobile devices offer many opportunities for the exploration of new possibilities for subjectivity that challenge particular gender stereotypes and restrictions while simultaneously affirming particular gender rituals. While exploring the implications of the mobile device on gender in a developing society, the chapter in turn highlights the importance of culturally embedded rituals in shaping and understanding the mobile device's place in society.

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