Abstract P113: Female Gender is Associated with a Low Ankle Brachial Index in the General Population

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ridhima Kapoor ◽  
Colby Ayers ◽  
Jacquelyn Kulinski
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
General Population ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
And Gender

Background: The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a predictor of cardiovascular events, mortality and functional status. Gender differences in ABI have been reported in some population studies. Differences in height might account for these observed gender differences, but findings are conflicting. Objective: This study investigated the association between gender, height and ABI in the general population, independent of traditional cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods: Participants ≥ 40 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2004 with ABI data, were included. A low ABI was defined as a value < 1.0 (including borderline values). Sample-weighted multivariable logistic regression modeling was performed with low ABI as the dependent variable and height and gender as primary predictor variables of interest. A backward elimination model selection technique was performed to identify significant covariates. Results: There were 3,052 participants with ABI data (mean age 57, 51% female (1570 of 3052). The sample-weighted mean (±SE) ABI was 1.09 (±0.006) and 1.13 (±0.005) for females and males, respectively. Women were more likely to have a low ABI compared to men, 42% (659 of 1570) versus 28% (415 of 1482), respectively (p<0.0001). Female gender was associated with a low ABI (OR 1.34, [95% CI, 1.04-1.72]; p=0.025), independent of traditional CVD risk factors (see Figure). Age, diabetes, tobacco use, known CVD, BMI and black race were also associated with a low ABI (all p<0.003). Self-reported hypertension and non-HDL cholesterol levels, however, were not associated with a low ABI. An interaction between height and body mass index (BMI) was identified. Conclusions: Female gender is associated with a low ABI in the general population. This association appears to be independent of height and other traditional CVD risk factors and warrants further investigation.

Dietary sodium:potassium ratio and CVD risk factors among Japanese adults: a retrospective cross-sectional study of pooled data from the National Health and Nutrition Survey, 2003–2017

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-91
Author(s):  
Emiko Okada ◽  
Chika Okada ◽  
Mai Matsumoto ◽  
Aya Fujiwara ◽  
Hidemi Takimoto
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Nutrition Survey ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Cholesterol Levels ◽  
Japanese Adults

AbstractFew studies have reported associations between the Na:K ratio and risk factors related to CVD among the general population in Asian countries. This study aimed to investigate the dietary Na:K ratio association with CVD risk factors among Japanese adults. This retrospective cross-sectional study included 48 800 Japanese participants (19 386 men and 29 414 women) aged ≥20 years, registered in the 2003–2017 National Health and Nutrition Survey. Multivariate OR and 95 % CI for risk of hypertension, high glycated HbA1c levels, hypercholesterolaemia, low serum levels of HDL-cholesterol and high non-HDL-cholesterol levels according to the Na:K ratio were estimated using logistic regression models. Dietary Na:K ratio decreased for both men and women from 2003 to 2017. Higher Na:K ratio and higher hypertension prevalence were observed (multivariate OR (fifth v. first quintiles) 1·27, 95 % CI 1·15, 1·40; Pfor trend < 0·001 for men and 1·12, 95 % CI 1·01, 1·23; Pfor trend = 0·007 for women). Higher Na:K ratio was associated with higher prevalence of high HbA1c levels in men (multivariate OR 1·56, 95 % CI 1·24, 1·96). Prevalence of low HDL-cholesterol levels was increased with higher Na:K ratio (Pfor trend =0·002 for men and <0·001 for women). No significant associations were found between Na:K ratio and hypercholesterolaemia in men or high non-HDL-cholesterol levels in both men and women. Our findings suggest that dietary Na:K ratio is associated with several CVD risk factors among Japanese adults.

scholarly journals Circulating Myeloperoxidase (MPO)-DNA complexes as marker for Neutrophil Extracellular Traps (NETs) levels and the association with cardiovascular risk factors in the general population

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. e0253698
Author(s):  
Samantha J. Donkel ◽  
Frank J. Wolters ◽  
M. Arfan Ikram ◽  
Moniek P. M. de Maat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Neutrophil Extracellular Traps ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Extracellular Traps ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dna Complex

Introduction Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are DNA scaffolds enriched with antimicrobial proteins. NETs have been implicated in the development of various diseases, such as cardiovascular disease. Here, we investigate the association of demographic and cardiovascular (CVD) risk factors with NETs in the general population. Material and methods Citrated plasma was collected from 6449 participants, aged ≥55 years, as part of the prospective population-based Rotterdam Study. NETs were quantified by measuring MPO-DNA complex using an ELISA. We used linear regression to determine the associations between MPO-DNA complex and age, sex, cardio-metabolic risk factors, and plasma markers of inflammation and coagulation. Results MPO-DNA complex levels were weakly associated with age (log difference per 10 year increase: -0.04 mAU/mL, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.06;-0.02), a history of coronary heart disease (yes versus no: -0.10 mAU/mL, 95% CI -0.17;-0.03), the use of lipid-lowering drugs (yes versus no: -0.06 mAU/mL, 95% CI -0.12;-0.01), and HDL-cholesterol (per mmol/l increase: -0.07 mAU/mL/, 95% CI -0.12;-0.03). Conclusions Older age, a history of coronary heart disease, the use of lipid-lowering drugs and higher HDL-cholesterol are weakly correlated with lower plasma levels of NETs. These findings show that the effect of CVD risk factors on NETs levels in a general population is only small and may not be of clinical relevance. This supports that NETs may play a more important role in an acute phase of disease than in a steady state situation.

scholarly journals Factor analysis for the clustering of cardiometabolic risk factors and sedentary behavior, a cross-sectional study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242365
Author(s):  
Tsung-Ying Tsai ◽  
Pai-Feng Hsu ◽  
Chung-Chi Lin ◽  
Yuan-Jen Wang ◽  
Yaw-Zon Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
General Population ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽  
Validation Group ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Clustering Pattern

Background Few studies have reported on the clustering pattern of CVD risk factors, including sedentary behavior, systemic inflammation, and cadiometabolic components in the general population. Objective We aimed to explore the clustering pattern of CVD risk factors using exploratory factor analysis to investigate the underlying relationships between various CVD risk factors. Methods A total of 5606 subjects (3157 male, 51.5±11.7 y/o) were enrolled, and 14 cardiovascular risk factors were analyzed in an exploratory group (n = 3926) and a validation group (n = 1676), including sedentary behaviors. Results Five factor clusters were identified to explain 69.4% of the total variance, including adiposity (BMI, TG, HDL, UA, and HsCRP; 21.3%), lipids (total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol; 14.0%), blood pressure (SBP and DBP; 13.3%), glucose (HbA1C, fasting glucose; 12.9%), and sedentary behavior (MET and sitting time; 8.0%). The inflammation biomarker HsCRP was clustered with only adiposity factors and not with other cardiometabolic risk factors, and the clustering pattern was verified in the validation group. Conclusion This study confirmed the clustering structure of cardiometabolic risk factors in the general population, including sedentary behavior. HsCRP was clustered with adiposity factors, while physical inactivity and sedentary behavior were clustered with each other.

Abstract 049: Mitochondrial DNA Copy Number and Incident Atrial Fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study (ARIC)

Circulation ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Di Zhao ◽  
Eliseo Guallar ◽  
Ryan Longchamps ◽  
Christina Castellani ◽  
Yunsoo Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
General Population ◽  
Mitochondrial Function ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Dna Copy Number ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna Copy Number

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common clinical arrhythmia. Molecular studies suggest that mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with increased risk of AF through reduced production of adenosine triphosphate and increased production of reactive oxidative species. Mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA CN), a marker of mitochondrial function, has been found to be associated with sudden cardiac death and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in ARIC. However, the association between mtDNA CN and incident AF in the general population is unknown. Objective: To examine the prospective association between mtDNA CN and the risk of incident AF. Methods: Cohort study of 10,764 ARIC participants without AF at baseline (1987-89) and followed through December 31, 2014. AF were identified through electrocardiograms, review of hospital discharge codes, and death certificates. DNA samples were isolated from buffy coat. mtDNA CN was calculated from probe intensities on the Affymetrix Genome-Wide Human single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) Array and standardized using the residual method. Cox proportional hazards models adjusted for demographics and CVD risk factors were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) for AF comparing the four lowest quintiles of mtDNA CN to the highest quintile. Results: The mean (SD) age was 57.4 (6.0) years. During 21 years of median follow-up, 1,946 participants developed AF. In fully-adjusted models, the HRs (95% CI) for AF comparing quintiles 1 - 4 to quintile 5 of mtDNA CN were 1.17 (1.00, 1.37), 1.17 (0.99, 1.37), 0.92 (0.78, 1.10) and 1.05 (0.89, 1.24), respectively (p-trend 0.044; Figure). The HR for AF comparing 10 th vs 90 th percentile of mtDNA-CN was 1.16 (1.04, 1.30). Conclusions: mtDNA CN was inversely associated with the risk of AF independent of traditional CVD risk factors. Decline in mitochondrial function may be a novel mechanism underlying biological changes that increase the risk of AF in the general population. mtDNA CN may provide potential for novel AF prevention strategies.

The Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Different Occupational Groups in New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 645-658
Author(s):  
Lucy A Barnes ◽  
Amanda Eng ◽  
Marine Corbin ◽  
Hayley J Denison ◽  
Andrea ‘t Mannetje ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Survey ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Occupational Groups ◽  
General Population Survey

Abstract Objectives Although cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been shown to differ between occupations, few studies have specifically evaluated the distribution of known CVD risk factors across occupational groups. This study assessed CVD risk factors in a range of occupational groups in New Zealand, stratified by sex and ethnicity. Methods Two probability-based sample surveys of the general New Zealand adult population (2004–2006; n = 3003) and of the indigenous people of New Zealand (Māori; 2009–2010; n = 2107), for which occupational histories and lifestyle factors were collected, were linked with routinely collected health data. Smoking, body mass index, deprivation, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high cholesterol were dichotomized and compared between occupational groups using age-adjusted logistic regression. Results The prevalence of all known CVD risk factors was greater in the Māori survey than the general population survey, and in males compared with females. In general for men and women in both surveys ‘Plant and machine operators and assemblers’ and ‘Elementary workers’ were more likely to experience traditional CVD risk factors, while ‘Professionals’ were less likely to experience these risk factors. ‘Clerks’ were more likely to have high blood pressure and male ‘Agricultural and fishery workers’ in the general survey were less likely to have high cholesterol, but this was not observed in the Māori survey. Male Māori ‘Trades workers’ were less likely to have high cholesterol and were less obese, while for the general population survey, this was not observed. Conclusions This study showed differences in the distribution of known CVD risk factors across occupational groups, as well as between ethnic groups and males and females.

Physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jos Twisk ◽  
Isabel Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Cardiovascular Health ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Apo B

The incidence of morbidity and mortality related to CVD is rather low in a paediatric population. Studies investigating the relationship between physical activity, physical fitness, and cardiovascular health in children and adolescents are therefore mostly limited to CVD risk factors as outcome measures. For this reason, this chapter will focus on the association of physical activity and physical fitness with CVD risk factors in children and adolescents. These risk factors can be divided into the so-called traditional CVD risk factors; that is, lipoproteins [total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides (TG)], blood pressure, body fatness, and diabetes, and ‘new’ CVD risk factors; that is, other lipoproteins [lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)), apolipoprotein (apo)B, and apoA-1], coagulation and inflammation markers [fibrinogen, C-reactive protein (CRP)], homocysteine, and heart rate variability.

scholarly journals Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in five major risk factors for cardiovascular disease in the Korean population: a cross-sectional study using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001–2014

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. e014070 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoon Jung Kim ◽  
Ji Sung Lee ◽  
Juri Park ◽  
Dong Seop Choi ◽  
Doo Man Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
Korean Women ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes

ObjectivesTo examine trends in socioeconomic inequalities in major cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among the Korean population.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingA nationally representative population survey database.ParticipantsA total of 42 725 Koreans, aged 25–64 years, who participated in the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) II (2001) to VI (2013–2014).Main outcome measuresTrends in socioeconomic inequalities in five major CVD risk factors (smoking, obesity, diabetes, hypertension and hypercholesterolaemia).ResultsGender differences were noted in the time trends in socioeconomic inequalities in smoking, obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Among men, low socioeconomic status (SES) was associated with higher prevalence of smoking, but not with obesity, diabetes or hypertension. The magnitudes of socioeconomic inequalities in smoking, obesity and diabetes remained unchanged, and the magnitude of the inequality in hypertension decreased over time. However, among women, low SES was associated with higher prevalence of smoking, obesity, diabetes and hypertension. Time trends towards increasing socioeconomic inequalities, measured by income, in smoking, obesity and diabetes were found in women. Unlike the other CVD risk factors, hypercholesterolaemia was not associated with socioeconomic inequality.ConclusionsSES had a stronger impact on major CVD risk factors among Korean women than men. Moreover, socioeconomic inequalities in smoking, obesity and diabetes worsened among Korean women over time. Public policies to prevent smoking, obesity and diabetes in women with lower SES are needed to address inequalities.

scholarly journals Risk factors for cardiovascular disease among Mexican-American adults in the United States and Mexico: a comparative study

2014 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo S Morales ◽  
Yvonne N Flores ◽  
Mei Leng ◽  
Noémie Sportiche ◽  
Katia Gallegos-Carrillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Mexican American ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Us ◽  
Low Hdl

 Objective. To compare cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in a cohort of Mexican health workers with repre­sentative samples of US-born and Mexico-born Mexican-Americans living in the US. Materials and methods. Data were obtained from the Mexican Health Worker Cohort Study (MHWCS) in Mexico and the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) IV 1999-2006 in the US. Regression analyses were used to investigate CVD risk factors. Results. In adjusted analyses, NHANES participants were more likely than MHWCS participants to have hypertension, high total cholesterol, diabetes, obesity, and abdominal obesity, and were less likely to have low HDL cholesterol and smoke. Less-educated men and women were more likely to have low HDL cholesterol, obesity, and ab­dominal obesity. Conclusions. In this binational study, men and women enrolled in the MHWCS appear to have fewer CVD risk factors than US-born and Mexico-born Mexican-American men and women living in the US.

scholarly journals Vitamin D supplementation does not improve CVD risk factors in vitamin D-insufficient subjects

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 840-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Kubiak ◽  
Per Medbøe Thorsby ◽  
Elena Kamycheva ◽  
Rolf Jorde
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Baseline Serum

Objective Low serum 25(OH)D levels are associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and some of its risk factors. However, in interventional studies, the effects of vitamin D supplementation have been uncertain, possibly due to inclusion of vitamin D-sufficient subjects. Our aim was therefore to examine effects of vitamin D supplementation on CVD risk factors in vitamin D-insufficient subjects. Design Double-blinded randomized controlled trial. Methods A 4-month interventional study with high-dose vitamin D (100,000 IU loading dose, followed by 20,000 IU/week) or placebo with measurements of blood pressure, lipids (total-, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides, apolipoproteins A1 and B), and glucose metabolism parameters (blood glucose, HbA1c, serum human receptors for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), insulin, C-peptide and HOMA-IR). Results A total of 422 subjects with mean serum 25(OH)D level 34 nmol/L were included, with 411 subjects completing the study. Serum 25(OH)D levels increased with 56 nmol/L and decreased with 4 nmol/L in the vitamin D and placebo group, respectively. We found no statistically significant differences between the two groups in any of the measured CVD risk factors, except for a minor increase in sRAGE in the vitamin D group. Stratified analyses of subjects with low baseline serum 25(OH)D levels alone, or combined with blood pressure, lipid and HOMA-IR values above the median for the cohort, did not skew the results in favour of vitamin D supplementation. Conclusion Supplementation with vitamin D in subjects with baseline vitamin D insufficiency does not improve CVD risk factor profile.

scholarly journals In cross-sectional observations, dietary quality is not associated with CVD risk in women; in men the positive association is accounted for by BMI

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 1244-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis C. Frazier-Wood ◽  
Jihye Kim ◽  
Jennifer S. Davis ◽  
Su Yon Jung ◽  
Shine Chang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Dietary Quality ◽  
Cvd Risk Factors ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Population Ratio

The role that BMI plays in the association between dietary quality and CVD risk is not known. We aimed to better understand this relationship using statistical methods which correct for sex-specific underreporting of dietary intake. Overall, dietary quality was assessed using the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) on data from 9797 non-pregnant adults (aged >20 years) who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2005 to 2010. CVD risk factors included blood pressure, fasting glucose and insulin, homeostatic models of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), HDL- and LDL-cholesterol (HDL-C and LDL-C), TAG and C-reactive protein (CRP). We controlled for demographic and lifestyle covariates, and we used the population ratio approach (which adjusts for the underreporting of intake) to compare mean HEI scores between the top and bottom quartiles of covariate-adjusted CVD risk factors. In women, the total HEI score was not associated with any CVD risk factors (all Q>0·11). In men, the total HEI score was associated with covariate-adjusted residuals for fasting insulin (Q< 0·001), HOMA-IR (Q< 0·001), HDL-C (Q= 0·01), TAG (Q= 0·03) and CRP (Q< 0·001). When we additionally adjusted for BMI, the association with total HEI score was not significant (all P>0·10). In the present analyses, dietary quality was associated with five CVD risk factors in a sex-specific manner. Moreover, the association of BMI with CVD risk attenuated the relationship between CVD risk and diet, which suggests that BMI is an important factor in heart disease prevention.

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