A Methodological Investigation of Subject Input/Output Related Error during Vibration

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 533-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery C. Woldstad ◽  
Alvah C. Bittner ◽  
John C. Guignard
Keyword(s):  
Performance Test ◽  
Test System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sinusoidal Vibration ◽  
Frequency Interaction ◽  
Auditory Response ◽  
Future Experimentation ◽  
Output System ◽  
Response Task

An auditory-input/keypad-output system was evaluated for use as a performance test system that would be independent of artifactual vibrational decrement. Six young Navy volunteers were administered a non-cognitive Auditory Response Task Before, During, and After whole-body sinusoidal vibration. Two were tested at each of three vibration conditions (8 Hz/0.21 gzrms, 16 Hz/0.43 gzrms, and 32 Hz/0.85 gzrms). Results showed no direct decrement due to vibration, but a moderately significant subjects-within-conditions by frequency interaction. This interaction, paired with subjective measures taken during experimentation, pointed to a deficit in the keypad output system. It was concluded that the system was not satisfactory for future experimentation and recommended that a modified input system be developed. It is noted that purely cognitive effects of vibration have not been identified in the body of previous research.

Vibration Measurement and Analysis Using Image Processing Method

Volume 2 ◽  
2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roya Narimani ◽  
Maryam Hoviattalab ◽  
Arash Abadpour ◽  
Azadeh Yadolahi
Keyword(s):  
Image Processing ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Mechanical Impedance ◽  
Displacement Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Shaking Table ◽  
Vibration Measurement ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Sinusoidal Vibration ◽  
Body Vibration

A large number of people are exposed to whole body vibration in their occupational life. Measuring vibration is an important tool in rehabilitation and biomechanical fields of research. We have proposed image processing as a new method to record and determine the frequency response of human body. The arranged set up for forced vibration consisted of an AC motor, a variable speed drive unit and a shaking table for producing one directional sinusoidal vibration. Volunteers were asked to stand on the shaking table at a relaxed posture. Two digital camcorders were used to capture the motion of colored pencil-dot markers on the skin of human body (forehead) and on the edge of the shaking table. After color spotting each frame, the binary image results were processed using new circle factor criteria proposed in this work, for fast finding circles based on second order statistics. The extracted points were calibrated using our own extended version of the direct linear transformation (DLT) method. Subsequently Vibration measuring software has been completely developed in Borland Delphi 5.0. Finally obtained displacement function of the body and the shaking table has been used in conjunction with Matlab 6.5 to prepare a proper algorithm for analyzing human body vibration. We discussed mechanical characteristics of the body by obtaining mechanical impedance and transmissibility from the shaking table to the head as example applications of the conducted software. The important point is the fact that all devices used in our developed measurement system are usually available in a biomechanics laboratory where a Gait system is functioning. This gives the opportunity for such laboratory to add vibration measurement to its capabilities without much excessive costs. The system has the advantage of lower noise sensitivity in comparison to accelerometer. The main advantage of this method is working with a simple user-familiar hardware with no external device attached to the subject and also a user-friendly-software.

A Simple and Inexpensive Clinical Whole Body Counter

1976 ◽  
Vol 15 (05) ◽  
pp. 248-253
Author(s):  
A. K. Basu ◽  
S. K. Guha ◽  
B. N. Tandon ◽  
M. M. Gupta ◽  
M. ML. Rehani
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Body Counter ◽  
Optimum Parameters ◽  
Whole Body Counter ◽  
Single Detector ◽  
Background Index ◽  
Iodide Crystal

SummaryThe conventional radioisotope scanner has been used as a whole body counter. The background index of the system is 10.9 counts per minute per ml of sodium iodide crystal. The sensitivity and derived sensitivity parameters have been evaluated and found to be suitable for clinical studies. The optimum parameters for a single detector at two positions above the lying subject have been obtained. It has been found that for the case of 131I measurement it is possible to assay a source located at any point in the body with coefficient of variation less than 5%. To add to the versatility, a fixed geometry for in-vitro counting of large samples has been obtained. The retention values obtained by the whole body counter have been found to correlate with those obtained by in-vitro assay of urine and stool after intravenous administration of 51Cr-albumin.

Visualization of Invasion into the Body and Internal Diffusion of Nanoparticles

2008 ◽  
Vol 396-398 ◽  
pp. 569-572
Author(s):  
Fumio Watari ◽  
Shigeaki Abe ◽  
I.D. Rosca ◽  
Atsuro Yokoyama ◽  
Motohiro Uo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Fluorescent Microscopy ◽  
The Body ◽  
Internal Diffusion ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Body Level ◽  
Organ Level ◽  
Level 2 ◽  
Internal Body

Nanoparticles may invade directly into the internal body through the respiratory or digestive system and diffuse inside body. The behavior of nanoparticles in the internal body is also essential to comprehend for the realization of DDS. Thus it is necessary to reveal the internal dynamics for the proper treatments and biomedical applications of nanoparticles. In the present study the plural methods with different principles such as X-ray scanning analytical microscope (XSAM), MRI and Fluorescent microscopy were applied to enable the observation of the internal diffusion of micro/nanoparticles in the (1) whole body level, (2) inner organ level and (3) tissue and intracellular level. Chemical analysis was also done by ICP-AES for organs and compared with the results of XSAM mapping.

scholarly journals Making the choice between bioelectrical impedance measures for body hydration status assessment

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry M. Davydov ◽  
Andrey Boev ◽  
Stas Gorbunov
Keyword(s):  
Body Schema ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Information Criterion ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hydration Status ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Best Fitting ◽  
Body Compartments ◽  
Fitting In

AbstractSituational or persistent body fluid deficit (i.e., de- or hypo-hydration) is considered a significant health risk factor. Bioimpedance analysis (BIA) has been suggested as an alternative to less reliable subjective and biochemical indicators of hydration status. The present study aimed to compare various BIA models in the prediction of direct measures of body compartments associated with hydration/osmolality. Fish (n = 20) was selected as a biological model for physicochemically measuring proximate body compartments associated with hydration such as water, dissolved proteins, and non-osseous minerals as the references or criterion points. Whole-body and segmental/local impedance measures were used to investigate a pool of BIA models, which were compared by Akaike Information Criterion in their ability to accurately predict the body components. Statistical models showed that ‘volumetric-based’ BIA measures obtained in parallel, such as distance2/Rp, could be the best approach in predicting percent of body moisture, proteins, and minerals in the whole-body schema. However, serially-obtained BIA measures, such as the ratio of the reactance to resistance and the resistance adjusted for distance between electrodes, were the best fitting in predicting the compartments in the segmental schema. Validity of these results should be confirmed on humans before implementation in practice.

scholarly journals Research on Performance Test System of Space Harmonic Reducer in High Vacuum and Low Temperature Environment

Machines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Zhihua Wan ◽  
Zhurong Dong ◽  
Zhengguo Li
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
High Vacuum ◽  
Test System ◽  
Low Noise ◽  
Speed Ratio ◽  
Space Harmonic ◽  
Temperature Environment

The harmonic reducer, with its advantages of high precision, low noise, light weight, and high speed ratio, has been widely used in aerospace solar wing deployment mechanisms, antenna pointing mechanisms, robot joints, and other precision transmission fields. Accurately predicting the performance of the harmonic reducer under various application conditions is of great significance to the high reliability and long life of the harmonic reducer. In this paper, a set of automatic harmonic reducer performance test systems is designed. By using the CANOpen bus interface to control the servo motor as the drive motor, through accurately controlling the motor speed and rotation angle, collecting the angle, torque, and current in real time, the life cycle test of space harmonic reducer was carried out in high vacuum and low temperature environment on the ground. Then, the collected data were automatically analyzed and calculated. The test data of the transmission accuracy, backlash, and transmission efficiency of the space harmonic reducer were obtained. It is proven by experiments that the performance data of the harmonic reducer in space work can be more accurately obtained by using the test system mentioned in this paper, which is convenient for further research on related lubricating materials.

scholarly journals Integumentary Colour Allocation in the Stork Family (Ciconiidae) Reveals Short-Range Visual Cues for Species Recognition

Birds ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-146
Author(s):  
Eduardo J. Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽  
Juan J. Negro
Keyword(s):  
Short Range ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Species Recognition ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Divergent Evolution ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Chromatic Spectrum ◽  
Mixed Species Flocks

The family Ciconiidae comprises 19 extant species which are highly social when nesting and foraging. All species share similar morphotypes, with long necks, a bill, and legs, and are mostly coloured in the achromatic spectrum (white, black, black, and white, or shades of grey). Storks may have, however, brightly coloured integumentary areas in, for instance, the bill, legs, or the eyes. These chromatic patches are small in surface compared with the whole body. We have analyzed the conservatism degree of colouration in 10 body areas along an all-species stork phylogeny derived from BirdTRee using Geiger models. We obtained low conservatism in frontal areas (head and neck), contrasting with a high conservatism in the rest of the body. The frontal areas tend to concentrate the chromatic spectrum whereas the rear areas, much larger in surface, are basically achromatic. These results lead us to suggest that the divergent evolution of the colouration of frontal areas is related to species recognition through visual cue assessment in the short-range, when storks form mixed-species flocks in foraging or resting areas.

scholarly journals Comparison of superficial wound documentation using 2D forensic photography, 3D photogrammetry, Botscan© and VR with real-life examination

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-430
Author(s):  
Federico Massini ◽  
Lars Ebert ◽  
Garyfalia Ampanozi ◽  
Sabine Franckenberg ◽  
Lena Benz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
3D Visualization ◽  
Real Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Forest Plot ◽  
Technical Documentation ◽  
Forensic Photography ◽  
Head Mounted Display ◽  
Significant Difference

AbstractEvidence acquisition, interpretation and preservation are essential parts of forensic case work that make a standardized documentation process fundamental. The most commonly used method for the documentation and interpretation of superficial wounds is a combination of two modalities: two-dimensional (2D) photography for evidence preservation and real-life examination for wound analysis. As technologies continue to develop, 2D photography is being enhanced with three-dimensional (3D) documentation technology. In our study, we compared the real-life examination of superficial wounds using four different technical documentation and visualization methods.To test the different methods, a mannequin was equipped with several injury stickers, and then the different methods were applied. A total of 42 artificial injury stickers were documented in regard to orientation, form, color, size, wound borders, wound corners and suspected mechanism of injury for the injury mechanism. As the gold standard, superficial wounds were visually examined by two board-certified forensic pathologists directly on the mannequin. These results were compared to an examination using standard 2D forensic photography; 2D photography using the multicamera system Botscan©, which included predefined viewing positions all around the body; and 3D photogrammetric reconstruction based on images visualized both on screen and in a virtual reality (VR) using a head-mounted display (HMD).The results of the gold standard examination showed that the two forensic pathologists had an inter-reader agreement ranging from 69% for the orientation and 11% for the size of the wounds. A substantial portion of the direct visual documentation showed only a partial overlap, especially for the items of size and color, thereby prohibiting the statistical comparison of these two items. A forest plot analysis of the remaining six items showed no significant difference between the methods. We found that among the forensic pathologists, there was high variability regarding the vocabulary used for the description of wound morphology, which complicated the exact comparison of the two documentations of the same wound.There were no significant differences for any of the four methods compared to the gold standard, thereby challenging the role of real-life examination and 2D photography as the most reliable documentation approaches. Further studies with real injuries are necessary to support our evaluation that technical examination methods involving multicamera systems and 3D visualization for whole-body examination might be a valid alternative in future forensic documentation.

scholarly journals Correlation of age, sex and season with the state of human decomposition as quantified by postmortem computed tomography

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominic L. C. Guebelin ◽  
Akos Dobay ◽  
Lars Ebert ◽  
Eva Betschart ◽  
Michael J. Thali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
The State ◽  
The Body ◽  
Seasonal Effects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Postmortem Computed Tomography ◽  
Whole Body Computed Tomography ◽  
Urban Study

AbstractDead bodies exhibit a variable range of changes with advancing decomposition. To quantify intracorporeal gas, the radiological alteration index (RAI) has been implemented in the assessment of postmortem whole-body computed tomography. We used this RAI as a proxy for the state of decomposition. This study aimed to (I) investigate the correlation between the state of decomposition and the season in which the body was discovered; and (II) evaluate the correlations between sociodemographic factors (age, sex) and the state of decomposition, by using the RAI as a proxy for the extent of decomposition. In a retrospective study, we analyzed demographic data from all autopsy reports from the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Zurich between January 2017 to July 2019 and evaluated the radiological alteration index from postmortem whole-body computed tomography for each case. The bodies of older males showed the highest RAI. Seasonal effects had no significant influence on the RAI in our urban study population with bodies mostly being discovered indoors. Autopsy reports contain valuable data that allow interpretation for reasons beyond forensic purposes, such as sociopolitical observations.

scholarly journals A Multi-Channel Uncertainty-Aware Multi-Resolution Network for MR to CT Synthesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1667
Author(s):  
Kerstin Klaser ◽  
Pedro Borges ◽  
Richard Shaw ◽  
Marta Ranzini ◽  
Marc Modat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Image Analysis ◽  
Absolute Error ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Image Size ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Image Translation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Synthetic Ct

Synthesising computed tomography (CT) images from magnetic resonance images (MRI) plays an important role in the field of medical image analysis, both for quantification and diagnostic purposes. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have achieved state-of-the-art results in image-to-image translation for brain applications. However, synthesising whole-body images remains largely uncharted territory, involving many challenges, including large image size and limited field of view, complex spatial context, and anatomical differences between images acquired at different times. We propose the use of an uncertainty-aware multi-channel multi-resolution 3D cascade network specifically aiming for whole-body MR to CT synthesis. The Mean Absolute Error on the synthetic CT generated with the MultiResunc network (73.90 HU) is compared to multiple baseline CNNs like 3D U-Net (92.89 HU), HighRes3DNet (89.05 HU) and deep boosted regression (77.58 HU) and shows superior synthesis performance. We ultimately exploit the extrapolation properties of the MultiRes networks on sub-regions of the body.

scholarly journals Classification of Shoulder X-ray Images with Deep Learning Ensemble Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 2723
Author(s):  
Fatih Uysal ◽  
Fırat Hardalaç ◽  
Ozan Peker ◽  
Tolga Tolunay ◽  
Nil Tokgöz
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
The Body ◽  
Test Accuracy ◽  
Cohen’S Kappa ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cohen's Kappa ◽  
Auc Value ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Fully Connected

Fractures occur in the shoulder area, which has a wider range of motion than other joints in the body, for various reasons. To diagnose these fractures, data gathered from X-radiation (X-ray), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or computed tomography (CT) are used. This study aims to help physicians by classifying shoulder images taken from X-ray devices as fracture/non-fracture with artificial intelligence. For this purpose, the performances of 26 deep learning-based pre-trained models in the detection of shoulder fractures were evaluated on the musculoskeletal radiographs (MURA) dataset, and two ensemble learning models (EL1 and EL2) were developed. The pre-trained models used are ResNet, ResNeXt, DenseNet, VGG, Inception, MobileNet, and their spinal fully connected (Spinal FC) versions. In the EL1 and EL2 models developed using pre-trained models with the best performance, test accuracy was 0.8455, 0.8472, Cohen’s kappa was 0.6907, 0.6942 and the area that was related with fracture class under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC) was 0.8862, 0.8695. As a result of 28 different classifications in total, the highest test accuracy and Cohen’s kappa values were obtained in the EL2 model, and the highest AUC value was obtained in the EL1 model.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document