Patterns of Errors Shown by Experienced Navy Combat Information Center Teams

1995 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 454-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan G. Hutchins ◽  
Daniel P. Westra
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Human System ◽  
Incident Investigation ◽  
Information Center ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
Tactical Decision ◽  
Psychology Literature

The Tactical Decision Making Under Stress program is being conducted to apply recent developments in decision theory and human-system interaction technology to the design of a decision support system for enhancing tactical decision making under highly complex conditions. Topics to be discussed include: (1) a description of the difficult tasks identified for analysis; (2) the general methodological approach; (3) development of the performance measures and issues related to their development; (4) discussion of the modification and extension of the TapRoot® Incident Investigation System; and (5) discussion of the types of errors made by decision makers and interpretations for the cause of these errors based in the cognitive psychology literature.

Impact of Naturalistic Decision Support on Tactical Situation Awareness

1996 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey G. Morrison ◽  
Richard T. Kelly ◽  
Susan G. Hutchins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Support ◽  
Situation Awareness ◽  
Current System ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Information Center ◽  
Effective Performance ◽  
Baseline Testing ◽  
Tactical Decision ◽  
Current Systems

A prototype decision support system (DSS) was developed to enhance Navy tactical decision making based on naturalistic decision processes. Displays were developed to support critical decision making tasks through recognition-primed and explanation-based reasoning processes and cognitive analysis of the decision making problems faced by Navy tactical officers in a shipboard Combat Information Center. Baseline testing in high intensity, ambiguous scenarios indicated that experienced decision makers were not well served by current systems, and their performance revealed periodic loss of situation awareness. A study is described with eight, expert Navy tactical decision making teams that used either their current system alone or in conjunction with the prototype DSS. When the teams had the prototype DSS available, we observed significantly fewer communications to clarify the tactical situation, significantly more critical contacts identified early in the scenario, and a significantly greater number of defensive actions taken against imminent threats. These findings suggest that the prototype DSS enhanced the commanders' awareness of the tactical situation, which in turn contributed to greater confidence, lower workload, and more effective performance.

scholarly journals Toward Improved Use Of Value Creation Measures In Financial Decision-Making

2013 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 1175 ◽  
Author(s):  
John H. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Content ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Value Creation ◽  
Shareholder Value ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Value Drivers ◽  
Financial Decision Making ◽  
Specific Indication ◽  
Financial Decision

In the last two decades,numerous studies have been conducted to find sources and explanations for valuecreation and the value drivers of share returns or shareholder value creationby firms. This study aimed to determinewhether more refined firm categorization and an increase in the number of variablesanalyzed would yield more robust information on value creation measures thatfinancial decision-makers can use. Fourdifferent categories of firms were compiled.For each category, 11 different internal performance measures wereregressed against two different external shareholder value creation measures. The empirical results show that differentvalue creation measures explain shareholder value creation best for differentcategories of firms. Economic-basedindicators provide higher information content than accounting-based indicatorsfor financial decision-making. Theinformation content of internal value drivers varied when different externalshareholder value indicators were used. Thisstudy provides financial decision-makers with a more specific indication of theuse of shareholder value creation measures for specific firm types.

Visualizing and Exploring Highly Processed Information Spaces in Tactical Decision Making

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 330-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce G. Coury ◽  
Creighton R. Donnald ◽  
Michael D. Dykton ◽  
Christine D. Piatko
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Management ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Visualization Tool ◽  
Relevant Research ◽  
Information Spaces ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
Reasoning Systems ◽  
Tactical Decision ◽  
Future Work

Tactical decision makers rely on highly processed information to make decisions and solve problems. Such highly processed information spaces place unique demands on visualization and information management technologies. The purpose of this paper is to describe our use of a visualization tool, called the Reasoning Systems and Information Space (RSIS) Navigator, which is being used to represent the information associated with a tactical scene for Navy command decision makers. The paper begins with a discussion of the rationale for our approach, shows how a cognitive metaphor is being used to construct visualizations, and concludes with a discussion of relevant research and development issues, and future work.

scholarly journals Triage system performance: consistency and accuracy in the emergency centre

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 94-99
Author(s):  
Enrico Dippenaar
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Resource Availability ◽  
System Performance ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Triage System ◽  
Perfect System ◽  
Conscious Decision ◽  
Made In

Triage systems have evolved over recent times with the use of tiered acuity to achieve a balance between patient need and resource availability. Triage is a way to sort patients based on acuity, irrespective of the setting, and whether by telephone, in the prehospital environment or in hospital. The growth of the paramedic profession means that paramedics are now working in emergency centres and having to contend with the concept of triage in this setting. The nature of emergency centres and the variety of patient presentations makes it nearly impossible to have a perfect system that is both consistent and accurate. Paramedics, as decision makers, should understand the underlying concepts of what makes a triage system perform well so best practice can be adopted with specific goals in mind. There is a patient-centred focus to do the most for the most at any given time and to ensure that resources are aligned with the needs of patients. It is vital to monitor a triage system's performance so that improvements or adjustments can be made in response to patient population needs over time. This commentary focuses on the main principles of triage system performance measures and what factors should be taken into consideration during clinical practice. Highlighting the concepts of triage reliability, validity and decision-making should help paramedics to understand the importance of conscious decision-making practice.

The differentiating function of modern forms of leadership

2004 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 892-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Torpman
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Transactional Leadership ◽  
Organizational Values ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Symbolic Manipulation ◽  
Individual Decision ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Organizational Identities ◽  
Recent Developments

According to recent developments in decision‐making theory organizational decisions are governed by organizational values and identities according to a logic of appropriateness rather than calculative and preference‐driven rationality. Similarly, leadership theory has developed from ideas about leadership as an exchange between superiors and subordinates (transactional leadership) to ideas about symbolic manipulation of organizational values and identities (transformational leadership). In this paper, it is shown how the combination of organizational and personal identities in decision‐making and leadership can cause decision‐making problems. Where individuals are encouraged as organizational members to identify with the organization, and thus, be motivated beyond a perspective of give and take, an overlap between individual and organizational identities should be expected. Also discussed how individual decision‐makers' insufficient understanding of organizational decision‐premises may lead to the faulty replacement of organizational identities with individual values and identities.

scholarly journals Implications of the main mathematical methods on marketing decision making process

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioana Olariu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Marketing Decision ◽  
Marketing Actions ◽  
Analysis Models ◽  
Selection Of

Decision analysis incorporates both the awareness of decision makers, which is located between total confidence and total ignorance and action values assigned to outcomes variants, meaning decision makers preferences. Marketing actions are often insecure. Under these conditions, to achieve the desired result, the company management shall have decision analysis models based on mathematical theories developed in recent decades. Decision analysis is the procedural and formal logic highlights include decision makers a situation and a number of techniques that determine the selection of a solution which solves the problem. Methodological approach of this process serves to form makers options.

scholarly journals Information or Evidence? Abandoning Imaginary Worlds for Blockchains in Health Technology Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 12
Author(s):  
Paul Langley
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Technology Assessment ◽  
Health Technology ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Product Performance ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
The Past ◽  
Blockchain Technology ◽  
Article Type ◽  
Recent Developments

Commentaries published in INNOVATIONS in Pharmacy over the past 2 years have made the case that, as a basis for formulary decision making, the construction of imaginary modeled worlds fails to meet the standards of normal science. As such, they should be rejected as a basis for decision-making. While their proponents argue that imaginary constructs are key sources of information for formulary decisions, the fact is that the claims made from those models are impossible to validate. Indeed, they were never intended to be validated. Claims for product performance should be presented in evidentiary terms. That is, they should be credible, evaluable and replicable. If the commitment to imaginary worlds in technology assessment is to be abandoned a key requirement is for platforms that allow claims to be assessed in real time and in a timeframe that is meaningful to decision makers. Recent developments in blockchain technology offer the prospects for platforms that meet criteria for claims assessment.   Article Type: Commentary

scholarly journals An evaluation of critical knowledge areas for managing the COVID-19 pandemic

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wala Abdalla ◽  
Suresh Renukappa ◽  
Subashini Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Knowledge Management ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Knowledge Map ◽  
Knowledge Mapping ◽  
Great Opportunity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Critical Knowledge

Purpose The ability to manage the COVID-19 pandemic is contingent upon the ability to effectively manage its heterogeneous knowledge resources. Knowledge mapping represents a great opportunity to create value by bringing stakeholders together, facilitating comprehensive collaboration and facilitating broader in-depth knowledge sharing and transfer. However, identifying and analysing critical knowledge areas is one of the most important steps when creating a knowledge map. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to appraise the critical knowledge areas for managing COVID-19, and thereby enhance decision-making in tackling the consequences of the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach The methodological approach for this study is a critical literature review, covering publications on knowledge management, knowledge mapping and COVID-19. EBSCOhost, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, TRID, Web of Science and Wiley Online Library were searched for full text, peer-reviewed articles written in English that investigated on critical knowledge areas for managing the spread of COVID-19. After full screening, 21 articles met the criteria for inclusion and were analysed and reported. Findings The study revealed seven critical knowledge areas for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. These are cleaning and disinfection; training, education and communication; reporting guidance and updates; testing; infection control measures, personal protective equipment; and potential COVID-19 transmission in health and other care settings. The study developed a concept knowledge map illustrating areas of critical knowledge which decision-makers need to be aware of. Practical implications Providing decision-makers with access to key knowledge during the COVID-19 pandemic seems to be crucial for effective decision-making. This study has provided insights for the professionals and decision-makers identifying the critical knowledge areas for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. Social implications The study advances the literature on knowledge management and builds a theoretical link with the management of public health emergencies. Additionally, the findings support the theoretical position that knowledge maps facilitate decision-making and help users to identify critical knowledge areas easily and effectively. Originality/value This study fills gaps in the existing literature by providing an explicit representation of know-how for managing the COVID-19 pandemic. This paper uses an objective and qualitative approach by reviewing related publications, reports and guidelines in the analysis. The concept map illustrates the critical knowledge areas for managing the COVID-19 pandemic.

Decision making based on intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations with additive approximate consistency

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 4041-4058
Author(s):  
Fang Liu ◽  
Xu Tan ◽  
Hui Yang ◽  
Hui Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Real Interval ◽  
Preference Relations ◽  
Intuitionistic Fuzzy ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Fuzzy Preference Relations ◽  
Novel Concept ◽  
Fuzzy Weights ◽  
Fuzzy Preference

Intuitionistic fuzzy preference relations (IFPRs) have the natural ability to reflect the positive, the negative and the non-determinative judgements of decision makers. A decision making model is proposed by considering the inherent property of IFPRs in this study, where the main novelty comes with the introduction of the concept of additive approximate consistency. First, the consistency definitions of IFPRs are reviewed and the underlying ideas are analyzed. Second, by considering the allocation of the non-determinacy degree of decision makers’ opinions, the novel concept of approximate consistency for IFPRs is proposed. Then the additive approximate consistency of IFPRs is defined and the properties are studied. Third, the priorities of alternatives are derived from IFPRs with additive approximate consistency by considering the effects of the permutations of alternatives and the allocation of the non-determinacy degree. The rankings of alternatives based on real, interval and intuitionistic fuzzy weights are investigated, respectively. Finally, some comparisons are reported by carrying out numerical examples to show the novelty and advantage of the proposed model. It is found that the proposed model can offer various decision schemes due to the allocation of the non-determinacy degree of IFPRs.

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