scholarly journals Misreporting Weight and Height Among Mexican and Puerto Rican Men

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155798832110011
Author(s):  
Laura L. Aylward ◽  
Kristin L. Schneider ◽  
Lisa Sanchez-Johnsen
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ethnic Background ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Latino Men ◽  
Caucasian Men ◽  
Objectively Measured

Most obesity prevalence data rely on self-report, which typically differs when compared to objectively measured height, weight, and body mass index (BMI). Given that Latino men have high rates of obesity in the United States and demonstrate greater misreporting compared to Caucasian men, examining the factors that contribute to misreporting among Latino men is warranted. This study examined BMI, Latino ethnic background (Mexican or Puerto Rican), and social desirability in relation to misreporting of BMI, as defined as the discrepancy between self-reported and measured height and weight, in Latino men. Participants were 203 adult Mexican and Puerto Rican men, average age 39.41 years, who participated in a larger study. Participants self-reported their weight and height, had their weight and height objectively measured, and completed a measure of social desirability. Measured BMI was the strongest predictor of misreporting BMI, such that the greater the participants’ BMI, the greater the discrepancy in BMI ( p < .001). Misreporting of BMI did not vary based on ethnic background, and measured BMI did not moderate the relationship between social desirability and misreporting of BMI. When normative error was distinguished from misreporting in post-hoc analyses, results showed that only 34.5% of participants demonstrated misreporting. Findings highlight the importance of identifying normative error when examining misreporting in order to improve the accuracy of self-reported BMI data. Future research on misreporting for Latino men should include weight awareness, acculturation, and length of U.S. residency as these variables may be related to self-reported weight and height.

scholarly journals The moderating effects of Social Desirability responding on the criterion-related validity of self-report personality inventory

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-172
Author(s):  
JaeYoon Chang ◽  
Sanghee Nam
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Social Desirability ◽  
Helping Behavior ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Moderation Effects ◽  
Host Country Nationals ◽  
Two Factors

This study aimed to examine how social desirability responding(SDR) affects the criterion-related validity of self-reported personality. Specifically, this study examined how SDR, impression management(IM) and self deceptive enhancement(SDE) can take distinct effects on criteria when personality traits of 91 expatriates such as empathy, cooperation, and friendliness predict their performance criteria. Although previous studies suggested either suppression or moderation effects of SDR, the results indicated that there was no suppression effects but statistically significant moderation effects of SDE on the link between each of some predictors(empathy and cooperation) and expatriate’s negative emotional expression and helping behavior in organization rated by peers(host country nationals). However, such effects were not supported in case of IM. The importance of specifying two factors of SDR and suggestions for the future research were discussed.

Sense of clubhouse community belonging and empowerment

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimiko Tanaka ◽  
Larry Davidson ◽  
Thomas J Craig
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sense Of Community ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Community Belonging

Background: While the neighborhood community literature well documents a link between participation in supportive and effective community groups or activities and empowerment, there is as yet little empirical evidence of this relationship in the context of community mental health programs. Aim: The primary purpose of the study was to examine the relationship between sense of community belonging and empowerment among members of mental health clubhouses. Methods: A secondary analysis using a hierarchical regression model was conducted on cross-sectional structured interview data collected through a self-report questionnaire from 102 clubhouse members from six clubhouses in the United States and Finland. Results: The results indicated that members’ sense of clubhouse community belonging positively contributes to their empowerment. Conclusion: Fostering sense of community belonging appears to be a valid approach to catalyze empowerment. Study limitations and future research agendas were discussed.

Arts Education as a Vehicle for Social Change: An Empirical Study of Eco Arts in the K-12 Classroom

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeniffer Sams ◽  
Doreen Sams
Keyword(s):  
No Child Left Behind ◽  
Arts Education ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
The Arts ◽  
K 12

AbstractArts education has been part of the United States K-12 educational system for over a century. However, recent administrative policy decisions addressed theeconomic bottom lineand the 1983 report,A Nation at Risk, and complied with theNo Child Left Behind (NCLB) Act of 2001(U.S. Department of Education, 2001). These decisions resulted instandardisationof both core curricula and testing, leaving arts programs to function in a diminished capacity, curtailing both individuality and creative thinking. This study unpacks the role of the arts as change agents with the ability to: address current discourse; question ideologies and culture; convey complex problems in artistic form; engage the viewer in aesthetics; provide a perspective not found in regimented thinking; and empower creative problem solvers. This work also highlights the role of eco-art as a medium for addressing complex environmental challenges. The study also empirically examines, through a self-report survey, K-12 arts educators’ perceptions of integrating eco-arts into curricula. Findings revealed respondents’ desire to integrate eco-arts into the arts curricula and identified the most significantly perceived barriers to integration, as well as the role of policy on practicality. The authors also identify the study's limitations and recommend areas for future research.

Flow Research in Music Contexts: A Systematic Literature Review

2019 ◽  
pp. 102986491987756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonard Tan ◽  
Hui Xing Sin
Keyword(s):  
Research Output ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Steady Increase ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Publication Type ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Flow Experiences

The purpose of this study was to review flow research in music contexts from 1975 until the first quarter of 2019. Specifically, frequencies/percentages were calculated for (a) output in five-year periods; (b) publication type; and (c) methodologies employed, including measurement instruments used. Content analyses were also conducted on topics covered. Using the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) methodology, a total of 3,341 records were examined, with 95 studies eventually included in the analysis. Findings indicated a steady increase in research output over the last 25 years. Studies overwhelmingly sampled participants from Western populations, especially the United States. The majority of quantitative studies used self-report questionnaires, of which those developed by Jackson and colleagues were most prevalent. Among the qualitative approaches, interviews and observations were the most common means of data collection. Topics covered in the studies reviewed include the psychophysiological aspects of flow, transmission and group experience of flow, the association of flow with a range of positive outcomes, factors that contribute to flow experiences, and flow experiences of young children. Implications for future research were proffered in light of the findings.

scholarly journals Adherence to Antidiabetic Medications among Women with Gestational Diabetes

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Michelle Asiedu-Danso ◽  
Irene A. Kretchy ◽  
Jeremiah Kobby Sekyi ◽  
Augustina Koduah
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Educational Interventions ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Open Access Journals ◽  
Scoping Reviews ◽  
The Impact

Background. Optimal adherence to prescribed medications in women with gestational diabetes is relevant for perinatal outcomes. Objective. To summarize available information on the prevalence and factors contributing to medication adherence in women with gestational diabetes from the biological and psychosocial perspectives. Methods. A literature search on adherence in gestational diabetes was conducted in PubMed/MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, and the Directory of Open Access Journals for studies published on the topic. The Arksey and O’Malley framework for scoping reviews was used to explore and summarize the evidence. Results. A total of 2395 studies were retrieved of which 13 fully met the eligibility criteria. The studies were reported in Zimbabwe ( n = 5 ), Iran ( n = 1 ), Mexico ( n = 1 ), South India ( n = 1 ), the United States of America ( n = 4 ), and one multinational study covering Australia, Europe, North and South America. The main types of antidiabetic medications used were insulin ( n = 6 ), metformin ( n = 4 ), and glyburide ( n = 2 ). The prevalence of adherence ranged from 35.6% to 97%, with the assessment tool being self-report measures ( n = 8 ). The main factors associated with nonadherence included worsening pregnancy symptoms, side effects of medications, perceived risks, mental health symptoms, poor social support, and socioeconomic status. Recommendations that evolved from the studies to improve adherence included education, counselling, improved support networks, and social interventions, while the main reported interventional study employed continuous education on the impact of adherence on perinatal outcomes. Conclusion. Medication nonadherence in gestational diabetes seems to be influenced by multiple factors with some educational interventions positively impacting adherence behaviours. Thus, future research in women with gestational diabetes could consider interventions from a multifactorial perspective to improve therapeutic outcomes.

scholarly journals Cognitive and Psychopathological Profile on Catholic Nuns in Puerto Rico: An exploratory study

2020 ◽  
pp. 88-97
Author(s):  
José R. Rodríguez-Gómez ◽  
Stephanie Vega Molina
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
The United States ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symptom Checklist ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Catholic Nuns ◽  
Nun Study ◽  
State Examination

Introduction: The vocation of Catholic nun has spread virtually throughout the world for hundreds of years. The purpose of this pioneer nun study in Puerto Rico is to generate a comprehensive cognitive and psychopathological profile in a particular sample that usually shares a similar environment and lifestyle. Even though, nuns have been studied in the United States and other parts of the world, no known study conducted with Puerto Rican nuns has been found in local academic databases explored in the last ten years using the subject keywords (i.e., Puerto Rican Nuns) in data search. Method: The sample consists of 25 female catholic nuns, residents in Puerto Rico, with a median age of 60.96 years old (SD= 17.594; RANGE= 61). A Non-probability sampling method was utilized to retrieve the participants.  Instruments: Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Beck Hopelessness Inventory (BHS), Symptom Checklist 90-R and Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE).  Findings: Significant findings among BDI-II results (t=2.377, p<.05), BHS results (t=34.671, p<.05) and Mini-mental examination (t=16.613, p<.05). An ANOVA was conducted evaluate significant differences among the subscales of the 90-Symptom Checklist Significant differences were found. Conclusion: Results suggest that symptoms of psychopathology are present predominantly at a minimal level. However, mild to moderate results were also found. Nuns in the sample showed high cognitive functioning and were capable of performing the tasks assigned. Future research may include a bigger sample and comparisons among cloistered and apostolic nuns. A mixed methodology is suggested.

scholarly journals Impacts of Federally Funded State Obesity Programs on Adult Obesity Prevalence in the United States, 1998-2010

2018 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-176
Author(s):  
Keumseok Koh ◽  
Sue C. Grady ◽  
Igor Vojnovic ◽  
Joe T. Darden
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Program Implementation ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Adult Obesity ◽  
Time Series Regression ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Objectives: From 2000 to 2010, the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity (DNPAO) at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) funded 37 state health departments to address the obesity epidemic in their states through various interventions. The objective of this study was to investigate the overall impacts of CDC-DNPAO statewide intervention programs on adult obesity prevalence in the United States. Methods: We used a set of an individual-level, interrupted time-series regression and a quasi-experimental analysis to evaluate the overall effect of CDC-DNPAO intervention programs before (1998-1999) and after (2010) their implementation by using data from CDC’s Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Results: States that implemented the CDC-DNPAO program had a 2.4% to 3.8% reduction in the odds of obesity during 2000-2010 compared with states without the program. The effect of the CDC-DNPAO program varied by length of program implementation. A quasi-experimental analysis found that states with longer program implementation did not necessarily have lower odds of obesity than states with shorter program implementation. Conclusions: Statewide obesity interventions can contribute to reduced odds of obesity in the United States. Future research should evaluate the CDC-DNPAO programs in relation to their goals, objectives, and other environmental obesity risk factors to inform future interventions.

scholarly journals Mapping self-report questionnaires for socio-emotional characteristics: What do they measure?

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo PRIMI ◽  
Daniel Domingues dos SANTOS ◽  
Nelson HAUCK ◽  
Filip De FRUYT ◽  
Oliver Peter JOHN
Keyword(s):  
Big Five ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
School Students ◽  
Social And Emotional ◽  
Educational Challenges ◽  
Item Level ◽  
Strengths And Difficulties

Abstract Whereas the structure of individual differences in many social and emotional attributes is well understood in adults, much less work has been done in children and adolescents. The main goals of this research were to specify the major content domains that are assessed across multiple socioemotional instruments (self-esteem, grit, self-efficacy, strengths and difficulties, Big Five) in research in the United States and Europe, to test them in a less developed context with considerable educational challenges (Brazilian schools). We selected the five most promising instruments and studied their structure at the item level in a large sample of Brazilian school students (N = 3,023). The extracted factors to capture the major domains of child differences represented in these instruments closely resembled the Big Five personality dimensions. We discuss the contribution of our findings to the assessment of socio-emotional skills in education research, as well as limitations of the current study, and suggestions for future research.

Adolescent Physical Activity: Does Implementation Intention Have a Role?

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vaughan Roberts ◽  
Ralph Maddison ◽  
Jane Magnusson ◽  
Harry Prapavessis
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Implementation Intention ◽  
Integrated Model ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Objectively Measured ◽  
Goal Intention

Background:The current study tested the utility of an integrated social cognitive model to predict physical activity (PA) intentions and behavior in New Zealand adolescents.Method:Seventy-two adolescents (mean age = 16.92, SD = 0.66) completed measures consistent with the integrated model (attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control [PBC], goal intention, task-efficacy, barrier efficacy, and implementation intention). Pedometer data (Yamax SW200 pedometer) were collected for 7 days, and a self-report 7-day recall questionnaire was administered at the end of this week. A series of hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the contribution of the model to PA goal intention, implementation intention, self-reported and objective PA.Results:The integrated model accounted for 41% of goal intention, 33% of implementation intention, and 41% and 18% of subjectively and objectively measured PA, respectively. PBC had the strongest association with goal intention whereas attitude had the strongest association with implementation intention. Task-efficacy made the greatest contribution to objectively measured PA, whereas implementation intention had the strongest association with subjectively measured PA.Conclusion:These findings have implications regarding PA measurement in adolescent populations, and suggest that social cognitive variables play an important role in adolescent PA. Recommendations for future research are discussed.

Explaining Death by Tornado: Religiosity and the God-Serving Bias

2018 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi R. Riggio ◽  
Joshua Uhalt ◽  
Brigitte K. Matthies ◽  
Theresa Harvey ◽  
Nya Lowden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Small Town ◽  
The United States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Emergency Shelters

Two self-report experiments examined how religiosity affects attributions made for the outcome of a tornado. Undergraduate students ( N = 533) and online adults ( N = 537) read a fictional vignette about a tornado that hits a small town in the United States. The townspeople met at church and prayed or prepared emergency shelters for three days before the tornado; either no one died or over 200 people died from the tornado. Participants made attributions of cause to God, prayer, faith, and worship. In both studies, individuals identifying as Christian made more attributions to God, prayer, faith, and worship, but only when no one died; when townspeople died, Christian participants made fewer attributions to God, prayer, faith, and worship (the God-serving bias). Individuals identifying as agnostic or atheist did not show this bias. Directions for future research in terms of implicit religious beliefs and normative evaluations of religion are discussed.

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