scholarly journals “That’s Me I am the Farmer of the Land”: Exploring Identities, Masculinities, and Health Among Male Farmers’ in Ireland

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 155798832110352
Author(s):  
Conor Hammersley ◽  
Noel Richardson ◽  
David Meredith ◽  
Paula Carroll ◽  
John McNamara
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Focus Groups ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Conceptual Maps ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Older Farmers ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Roll Out

Compared to other occupational groups, farmers in Ireland experience a disproportionate burden of health problems, which impact farmers’ livelihoods and farming sustainability. Internationally, farmers’ poor health outcomes are associated with intersecting economic, environmental, socio-cultural, and occupation-specific factors linked to changes in agricultural governance. This qualitative study explored the challenges and stressors facing farmers in Ireland and how changes in farming governance have impacted farmers’ identities, masculinities and health. Eleven focus groups ( n = 26 female, n = 35 male, age-range 20s–70s) were conducted with both male farmers ( n = 3 focus groups; n = 13) and key informants ( n = 8 focus groups; n = 48, 22 male, 26 female). Utilizing Thematic Content Analysis, transcripts were coded independently by the first and second author using open and comparative coding techniques, with emerging themes grouped into primary and subthemes. Theme memos and conceptual maps tracked evolving relationships between themes. The analysis identified three broad themes. “Wrestling with challenges to autonomy and control within farming” examines the impact of tighter regulatory frameworks associated with changes to farming governance and unpacks other challenges associated with scale and succession. “Farming masculinities and health” explores how farming masculinities were closely aligned with farming practices and health practices and were framed relationally. “Isolation and the demise of rural communities” considers the impact of reduced social interaction on loneliness among farmers, particularly among more “at risk” single and older farmers. Findings provide unique insights into contemporary challenges and stressors facing farmers and have important implications for informing the design and roll-out of a national farmers’ health training program.

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of reopening schools in early 2021 in the presence of the new SARS-CoV-2 variant and with roll-out of vaccination against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmina Panovska-Griffiths ◽  
Robyn Stuart ◽  
Cliff Kerr ◽  
Katherine Rosenfeld ◽  
Dina Mistry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Transmission Blocking ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Roll Out

Abstract Background Following the resurgence of the COVID-19 epidemic in the UK in late 2020 and the emergence of the new variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, B.1.1.7, a third national lockdown was imposed from January 5, 2021. Following the decline of COVID-19 cases over the remainder of January 2021, it is important to assess the conditions under which reopening schools from early March is likely to lead to resurgence of the epidemic. This study models the impact of a partial national lockdown with social distancing measures enacted in communities and workplaces under different strategies of reopening schools from March 8, 2021 and compares it to the impact of continual full national lockdown remaining until April 19, 2021. Methods We used our previously published model, Covasim, to model the emergence of B.1.1.7 over September 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021. We extended the model to incorporate the impacts of the roll-out of a two-dose vaccine against COVID-19, assuming 200,000 daily doses of the vaccine in people 75 years or older with vaccination that offers 95% reduction in disease acquisition and 10% reduction of transmission blocking. We used the model, calibrated until January 25, 2021, to simulate the impact of a full national lockdown (FNL) with schools closed until April 19, 2021 versus four different partial national lockdown (PNL) scenarios with different elements of schooling open: 1) staggered PNL with primary schools and exam-entry years (years 11 and 13) returning on March 8, 2021 and the rest of the schools years on March 15, 2020; 2) full-return PNL with both primary and secondary schools returning on March 8, 2021; 3) primary-only PNL with primary schools and exam critical years (Y11 and Y13) going back only on March 8, 2021 with the rest of the secondary schools back on April 19, 2021 and 4) part-Rota PNL with both primary and secondary schools returning on March 8, 2021 with primary schools remaining open continuously but secondary schools on a two-weekly rota-system with years alternating between a fortnight of face-to-face and remote learning until April 19, 2021. Across all scenarios, we projected the number of new daily cases, cumulative deaths and effective reproduction number R until April 30, 2020. Results Our calibration across different scenarios is consistent with the new variant B.1.1.7 being around 60% more transmissible. Strict social distancing measures, i.e. national lockdowns, are required to contain the spread of the virus and control the hospitalisations and deaths during January and February 2021. The national lockdown will reduce the number of cases by early March levels similar to those seen in October with R also falling and remaining below 1 during the lockdown. Infections start to increase when schools open but if other parts of society remain closed this resurgence is not sufficient to bring R above 1. Reopening primary schools and exam critical years only or having primary schools open continuously with secondary schools on rotas will lead to lower increases in cases and R than if all schools open. Under the current vaccination assumptions and across the set of scenarios considered, R would increase above 1 if society reopens simultaneously, simulated here from April 19, 2021.Findings Our findings suggest that stringent measures are necessary to mitigate the increase in cases and bring R below 1 over January and February 2021. It is plausible that a PNL with schools partially open from March 8, 2021 and the rest of the society remaining closed until April 19, 2021 may keep R below 1, with some increase evident in infections compared to continual FNL until April 19, 2021. Reopening society in mid-April, with the vaccination strategy we model, could push R above 1 and induce a surge in infections, but the effect of vaccination may be able to control this in future depending on the transmission blocking properties of the vaccines.

scholarly journals The Impact of Individualized Homework Assignment on Iranian Intermediate EFL Learners’ Motivation

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 129
Author(s):  
Hamed Abbasi Mojdehi ◽  
Davood Taghipour Bazargani
Keyword(s):  
Learning Style ◽  
American English ◽  
Language Teachers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Private Language ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Age Range ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of applying individualized homework assignments on Iranian intermediate level EFL learners’ motivation. To achieve this objective, 60 learners in the 16-21 age range who were studying at two private language institutes in Rasht, Iran, were selected from 122 participants based on their performance on QPT. The participants were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. A pretest piloted before with an accepted reliability index was administered to both groups. Next, the experimental group received the treatment for 20 sessions (doing homework materials specifically designed based on each learner’s interests and preferred learning style). Meanwhile, the control group received a placebo which was the use of exercises in the workbook of the coursebook American English File 3 (Second Edition) as homework assignments. The posttest of motivation was then administered to both groups. The results showed significantly higher scores on motivation test for experimental group at the end of the course. Based on the findings of this study, language teachers can utilize individualized homework assignments to motivate their learners for doing their homework more willingly.

scholarly journals POS1474-HPR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES WITH DIAGNOSTIC DELAY AMONG AXIAL SPONDYLOARTHRITIS PATIENTS – A QUALITATIVE STUDY

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1022.2-1022
Author(s):  
C. Dubé ◽  
K. Lapane ◽  
K. Ferrucci ◽  
A. Beccia ◽  
S. Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Focus Groups ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthritis ◽  
Diagnostic Delay ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Research Support ◽  
Self Advocacy ◽  
Emotional Suffering ◽  
Receive Treatment ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Impact

Background:The estimated prevalence of axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA) in the U.S. is 0.4 to 1.3 percent. Undiagnosed axSpA patients suffer from symptoms on average 7 to 10 years, which can also contribute to psychological suffering and healthcare burden due to the prolonged search for diagnosis and treatment.Objectives:To explore the experiences of diagnostic delay of axSpA patients as part of the SpondyloArthritis Screening and Early Detection (SpA-SED) Study.Methods:We conducted exploratory semi-structured patient focus groups. English-speaking participants ≥18 years of age with a rheumatologist-verified clinical diagnosis of axSpA were recruited from three rheumatology practices in Massachusetts, Colorado, and Pennsylvania. Six focus groups were conducted with 26 total participants (16 men, 10 women, age range 21-76 years). Discussions ranged from 1.33 to 2.13 hours. Verbatim transcripts were deidentified, cleaned and coded using NVivo qualitative software. A coding list was generated and summary themes were constructed.Results:Participants described meandering and frustrating journeys in search of a diagnosis. When doctors gave up, it was experienced by patients as profoundly negative. Intermittent axSpA symptoms confused some physicians and caused some patients to either delay seeking medical care (e.g., sporadic flare-up) or use dramatic language to convey the magnitude of the impact on their symptoms. Patients explained their experiences where physicians presumed that patients were trying to obtain narcotics or were “imagining/exaggerating” symptoms. Early symptom stories fell into five areas of importance for patients: pain, stiffness and lack of mobility, impact on sleep, impact on daily life, and changes with weather. Tenacity on the part of the patient and/or their family, patient research and confidence to challenge their physicians were important. Self-advocacy was challenging but necessary and particularly difficult when patients were sick. During the typically lengthy time that participants waited to be diagnosed, they experienced frustration and mental suffering due to lack of answers and/or not being heard, believed, or taken seriously. Some participants described the fatigue they experienced after trying without success to obtain a diagnosis or receive treatment. Early administration of a definitive diagnostic test or screening tools for axSpA would have alleviated both physical and emotional suffering for these participants.Conclusion:Overall, participants expressed satisfaction with physicians who sought to understand them and believed them, took them seriously, and did not give up even with long delays. Patients with axSpA described significant suffering prior to diagnosis which could have been prevented and treated. Further research is needed with axSpA patients who are early in their diagnostic journey to determine best practices to support patients and reduce diagnostic delay.Disclosure of Interests:Catherine Dubé Grant/research support from: Novartis, as personnel on such studies, Kate Lapane: None declared, Katarina Ferrucci: None declared, Ariel Beccia: None declared, Sara Khan: None declared, Esther Yi Employee of: Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Jonathan Kay Consultant of: AbbVie, Inc.; Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH; Celltrion Healthcare Co. Ltd.; Jubilant Radiopharma; Merck & Co.,Inc.; Pfizer Inc.; Samsung Bioepis; Sandoz Inc.; Scipher Medicine; UCB, Inc., Grant/research support from: (paid to UMass Medical School) Gilead Sciences Inc.; Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp.; Pfizer Inc., Kristine A. Kuhn Consultant of: UCB, Eli Lilly, Novartis, Grant/research support from: Pfizer, Alexis Ogdie Consultant of: Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Corrona, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB, Grant/research support from: Pfizer to Penn, Novartis to Penn, Amgen to Forward/NDB, Shao-Hsien Liu Grant/research support from: Novartis

scholarly journals Modelling the impact of reopening schools in early 2021 in the presence of the new SARS-CoV-2 variant and with roll-out of vaccination against COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Panovska-Griffiths ◽  
R.M. Stuart ◽  
C.C. Kerr ◽  
K. Rosenfield ◽  
D. Mistry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Transmission Blocking ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
New Variant ◽  
The Uk ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Roll Out

BackgroundFollowing the resurgence of the COVID-19 epidemic in the UK in late 2020 and the emergence of the new variant of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, B.1.1.7, a third national lockdown was imposed from January 5, 2021. Following the decline of COVID-19 cases over the remainder of January 2021, it is important to assess the conditions under which reopening schools from early March is likely to lead to resurgence of the epidemic. This study models the impact of a partial national lockdown with social distancing measures enacted in communities and workplaces under different strategies of reopening schools from March 8, 2021 and compares it to the impact of continual full national lockdown remaining until April 19, 2021.MethodsWe used our previously published model, Covasim, to model the emergence of B.1.1.7 over September 1, 2020 to January 31, 2021. We extended the model to incorporate the impacts of the roll-out of a two-dose vaccine against COVID-19, assuming 200,000 daily doses of the vaccine in people 75 years or older with vaccination that offers 95% reduction in disease acquisition and 10% reduction of transmission blocking. We used the model, calibrated until January 25, 2021, to simulate the impact of a full national lockdown (FNL) with schools closed until April 19, 2021 versus four different partial national lockdown (PNL) scenarios with different elements of schooling open: 1) staggered PNL with primary schools and exam-entry years (years 11 and 13) returning on March 8, 2021 and the rest of the schools years on March 15, 2020; 2) full-return PNL with both primary and secondary schools returning on March 8, 2021; 3) primary-only PNL with primary schools and exam critical years (Y11 and Y13) going back only on March 8, 2021 with the rest of the secondary schools back on April 19, 2021 and 4) part-Rota PNL with both primary and secondary schools returning on March 8, 2021 with primary schools remaining open continuously but secondary schools on a two-weekly rota-system with years alternating between a fortnight of face-to-face and remote learning until April 19, 2021. Across all scenarios, we projected the number of new daily cases, cumulative deaths and effective reproduction number R until April 30, 2020.ResultsOur calibration across different scenarios is consistent with the new variant B.1.1.7 being around 60% more transmissible. Strict social distancing measures, i.e. national lockdowns, are required to contain the spread of the virus and control the hospitalisations and deaths during January and February 2021. The national lockdown will reduce the number of cases by early March levels similar to those seen in October with R also falling and remaining below 1 during the lockdown. Infections start to increase when schools open but if other parts of society remain closed this resurgence is not sufficient to bring R above 1. Reopening primary schools and exam critical years only or having primary schools open continuously with secondary schools on rotas will lead to lower increases in cases and R than if all schools open. Under the current vaccination assumptions and across the set of scenarios considered, R would increase above 1 if society reopens simultaneously, simulated here from April 19, 2021.FindingsOur findings suggest that stringent measures are necessary to mitigate the increase in cases and bring R below 1 over January and February 2021. It is plausible that a PNL with schools partially open from March 8, 2021 and the rest of the society remaining closed until April 19, 2021 may keep R below 1, with some increase evident in infections compared to continual FNL until April 19, 2021. Reopening society in mid-April, with the vaccination strategy we model, could push R above 1 and induce a surge in infections, but the effect of vaccination may be able to control this in future depending on the transmission blocking properties of the vaccines.

Suppressed, but Not Forgotten

2011 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beat Meier ◽  
Anja König ◽  
Samuel Parak ◽  
Katharina Henke
Keyword(s):  
Memory Trace ◽  
Thought Suppression ◽  
Test Phase ◽  
Indirect Test ◽  
Final Test ◽  
Test Experiment ◽  
And Control ◽  
Cue Words ◽  
The Impact

This study investigates the impact of thought suppression over a 1-week interval. In two experiments with 80 university students each, we used the think/no-think paradigm in which participants initially learn a list of word pairs (cue-target associations). Then they were presented with some of the cue words again and should either respond with the target word or avoid thinking about it. In the final test phase, their memory for the initially learned cue-target pairs was tested. In Experiment 1, type of memory test was manipulated (i.e., direct vs. indirect). In Experiment 2, type of no-think instructions was manipulated (i.e., suppress vs. substitute). Overall, our results showed poorer memory for no-think and control items compared to think items across all experiments and conditions. Critically, however, more no-think than control items were remembered after the 1-week interval in the direct, but not in the indirect test (Experiment 1) and with thought suppression, but not thought substitution instructions (Experiment 2). We suggest that during thought suppression a brief reactivation of the learned association may lead to reconsolidation of the memory trace and hence to better retrieval of suppressed than control items in the long term.

Research Participation Experiences of Informants of Suicide and Control Cases

Crisis ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul W. C. Wong ◽  
Wincy S. C. Chan ◽  
Philip S. L. Beh ◽  
Fiona W. S. Yau ◽  
Paul S. F. Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Research Participation ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Initial Contact ◽  
Psychological Autopsy ◽  
Autopsy Study ◽  
The People ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background: Ethical issues have been raised about using the psychological autopsy approach in the study of suicide. The impact on informants of control cases who participated in case-control psychological autopsy studies has not been investigated. Aims: (1) To investigate whether informants of suicide cases recruited by two approaches (coroners’ court and public mortuaries) respond differently to the initial contact by the research team. (2) To explore the reactions, reasons for participation, and comments of both the informants of suicide and control cases to psychological autopsy interviews. (3) To investigate the impact of the interviews on informants of suicide cases about a month after the interviews. Methods: A self-report questionnaire was used for the informants of both suicide and control cases. Telephone follow-up interviews were conducted with the informants of suicide cases. Results: The majority of the informants of suicide cases, regardless of the initial route of contact, as well as the control cases were positive about being approached to take part in the study. A minority of informants of suicide and control cases found the experience of talking about their family member to be more upsetting than expected. The telephone follow-up interviews showed that none of the informants of suicide cases reported being distressed by the psychological autopsy interviews. Limitations: The acceptance rate for our original psychological autopsy study was modest. Conclusions: The findings of this study are useful for future participants and researchers in measuring the potential benefits and risks of participating in similar sensitive research. Psychological autopsy interviews may be utilized as an active engagement approach to reach out to the people bereaved by suicide, especially in places where the postvention work is underdeveloped.

Using Work Domain Analysis to Evaluate the Impact of Digitization on Command and Control

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel P. Jenkins ◽  
Neville A. Stanton ◽  
Paul M. Salmon ◽  
Guy H. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Command And Control ◽  
Domain Analysis ◽  
Work Domain Analysis ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Work Domain

“Land fever” and “Bankruptcy”: Social Problems in Hanoi’s Urbanizing Peri-urban Communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 550-562
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Urban Communities ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Credit Market ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
Impact Of Urbanization ◽  
The Impact

Drawn upon field research in two peri-urban villages of Hanoi in 2014 and short re-visits recently, the research examines the widespread of gambling and other social issues in Hanoi’s urbanizing peri-urban communities which happened concurrently with the phenomenon of “land fever,” and at the time local villagers received compensation from land appropriation. The article aims to understand the impact of urbanization on these communities and the interface between urbanization and the increase of social problems. It argues that gambling, drug use, and other social problems have been existing in Vietnamese rural communities long before; however, when urbanization came, some people have higher chances to engage in these activities. Those are villagers who want to transform quickly into entrepreneurs or bosses by joining the “black credit” market and gambling. Together with middle-aged and old farmers who greatly relied on agricultural production and face difficulties in transforming their occupation, they formed the group of losers in the urbanization process. Received 6th January 2019; Revised 26th April 2019; Accepted 15th May 2019

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