scholarly journals Glutamine Ameliorates Mucosal Damage Caused by Immune Responses to Duck Plague Virus

Dose-Response ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 155932581770867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Zhang ◽  
Lili Zhao ◽  
Yan Zhou ◽  
Chenxi Diao ◽  
Lingxia Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Glutamine Supplementation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Duck Plague Virus ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Dose Dependent

The immune-releasing effects of L-glutamine (Gln) supplementation in duck plague virus (DPV)-infected ducklings were evaluated in 120 seven-day-old ducklings that were divided into 8 groups. The ducklings in control and DPV, 0.5Gln and DPV + 0.5Gln, 1.0Gln and DPV + 1.0Gln, and 2.0Gln and DPV + 2.0Gln received 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g of Gln/kg feed/d by gastric perfusion, respectively. Then, the ducklings in control to 2.0Gln were injected with 0.2 mL of phosphate-buffered saline, while those in DPV to DPV + 2.0Gln were injected with DPV at 0.2 mL of 2000 TCID50 (50% tissue culture infection dose) 30 minutes after gavage with Gln, sampled at 12 hours and days 1, 2, 4, and 6. Glutamine supplementation under physiological conditions enhanced immune function and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expressions in a dose-dependent manner. An increase in Gln supplementation under DPV-infected conditions enhanced growth performance, decreased immunoglobulin (Ig) release in plasma and secretory IgA in the duodenum, ameliorated plasma cytokine levels, and suppressed overexpressions of the TLR4 pathway in the duodenum. The positive effects of Gln on the humoral immunity- and intestinal inflammation-related damage should be considered a mechanism by which immunonutrition can assist in the recovery from DPV infection.

scholarly journals Antineuroinflammatory Activities and Neurotoxicological Assessment of Curcumin Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles on LPS-Stimulated BV-2 Microglia Cell Models

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Palanivel Ganesan ◽  
Byungwook Kim ◽  
Prakash Ramalingam ◽  
Govindarajan Karthivashan ◽  
Vishnu Revuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solid Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Lipid Nanoparticles ◽  
Brain Cells ◽  
No Production ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Microglia Cell ◽  
Solid Lipid ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Dose Dependent

Curcumin, which is a potential antineuroinflammatory and neuroprotective compound, exhibits poor bioavailability in brain cells due to its difficulty in crossing the blood–brain barrier and its rapid metabolism during circulation, which decreases its efficacy in treating chronic neuroinflammatory diseases in the central nervous system. The bioavailability and potential of curcumin can be improved by using a nanodelivery system, which includes solid lipid nanoparticles. Curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLCN) were efficiently developed to have a particle size of about 86 nm and do not exhibit any toxicity in the endothelial brain cells. Furthermore, the curcumin-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLCN) were studied to assess their efficacy in BV-2 microglial cells against LPS-induced neuroinflammation. The SLCN showed a higher inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production compared to conventional curcumin in a dose-dependent manner. Similarly, the mRNA and proinflammatory cytokine levels were also reduced in a dose-dependent manner when compared to those with free curcumin. Thus, SLCN could be a potential delivery system for curcumin to treat microglia-mediated neuroinflammation.

scholarly journals Huangqin-Tang Ameliorates TNBS-Induced Colitis by Regulating Effector and Regulatory CD4+T Cells

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zou ◽  
Wen-Yang Li ◽  
Zheng Wan ◽  
Bing Zhao ◽  
Zhi-Wei He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Dose Dependent

Huangqin-Tang decoction (HQT) is a classic traditional Chinese herbal formulation that is widely used to ameliorate the symptoms of gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic potential and immunological regulatory activity of HQT in experimental colitis in rats. Using an animal model of colitis by intrarectally administering 2,4,6-trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid (TNBS), we found that administration of HQT significantly inhibited the severity of TNBS-induced colitis in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, treatment with HQT produced better results than that with mesalazine, as shown by improvedweight loss bleeding and diarrhoea scores, colon length, and intestinal inflammation. As for potential immunological regulation of HQT action, the percentages of Th1 and Th17 cells were reduced, but those Th2 and Treg cells were enhanced in LPMCs after HQT treatment. Additionally, HQT lowered the levels of Th1/Th17-associated cytokines but increased production of Th2/Treg-associated cytokines in the colon and MLNs. Furthermore, we observed a remarkable suppression of the Th1/Th17-associated transcription factors T-bet and ROR-γt. However, expression levels of the Th2/Treg-associated transcription factors GATA-3 and Foxp3 were enhanced during treatment with HQT. Our results suggest that HQT has the therapeutic potential to ameliorate TNBS-induced colitis symptoms. This protective effect is possibly mediated by its effects on CD4+T cells subsets.

scholarly journals Upregulation of NOXA by 10-Hydroxycamptothecin plays a key role in inducing fibroblasts apoptosis and reducing epidural fibrosis

PeerJ ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. e2858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihang Dai ◽  
Yu Sun ◽  
Lianqi Yan ◽  
Jingcheng Wang ◽  
Xiaolei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tunel Assay ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Epidural Fibrosis ◽  
Western Blots ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Intrinsic Mechanism ◽  
Series Of Experiments ◽  
Dose Dependent

The fibrosis that develops following laminectomy or discectomy often causes serious complications, and the proliferation of fibroblasts is thought to be the major cause of epidural fibrosis. 10-Hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT) has been proven to be efficient in preventing epidural fibrosis, but the exact mechanism is still unclear. NOXA is a significant regulator of cell apoptosis, which has been reported to be beneficial in the treatment of fibrosis. We performed a series of experiments, both in vitro and in vivo, to explore the intrinsic mechanism of HCPT that underlies the induction of apoptosis in fibroblasts, and also to investigate whether HCPT has positive effects on epidural fibrosis following laminectomy in rats. Fibroblasts were cultured in vitro and stimulated by varying concentrations of HCPT (0, 1, 2, 4 µg/ml) for various durations (0, 24, 48, 72 h); the effect of HCPT in inducing the apoptosis of fibroblasts was investigated via Western blots and TUNEL assay. Our results showed that HCPT could induce apoptosis in fibroblasts and up-regulate the expression of NOXA. Following the knockdown of NOXA in fibroblasts, the results of Western blot analysis showed that the level of apoptotic markers, such as cleaved-PARP and Bax, was decreased. The results from the TUNEL assay also showed a decreased rate of apoptosis in NOXA-knocked down fibroblasts. For the in vivo studies, we performed a laminectomy at the L1-L2 levels in rats and applied HCPT of different concentrations (0.2, 0.1, 0.05 mg/ml and saline) locally; the macroscopic histological assessment, hydroxyproline content analysis and histological staining were performed to evaluate the effect of HCPT on reducing epidural fibrosis. The TUNEL assay in epidural tissues showed that HCPT could obviously induce apoptosis in fibroblasts in a dose-dependent manner. Also, immunohistochemical staining showed that the expression of NOXA increased as the concentrations of HCPT increased. Our findings are the first to demonstrate that upregulation of NOXA by HCPT plays a key role in inducing fibroblast apoptosis and in reducing epidural fibrosis. These findings might provide a potential therapeutic target for preventing epidural fibrosis following laminectomy.

scholarly journals Local Secretory Immunoglobulin A and Postimmunization Gastritis Correlate with Protection against Helicobacter pylori Infection after Oral Vaccination of Mice

1999 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 2531-2539 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takayuki Goto ◽  
Akira Nishizono ◽  
Toshio Fujioka ◽  
Junko Ikewaki ◽  
Kumato Mifune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helicobacter Pylori ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Interleukin 4 ◽  
Secretory Iga ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Iga Antibody ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Dose Dependent

ABSTRACT C57BL/6 mice were orally immunized with five weekly doses of 2 mg, 200 μg, or 2 μg of Helicobacter pylori (Sydney strain) whole-cell sonicate combined with cholera toxin. One week after the last vaccination, mice were challenged with 5 × 107CFU of live H. pylori three times at 2-day intervals. At 6 or 18 weeks after the challenge, mice were sacrificed and bacterial cultures and histological studies of the stomach were performed. Vaccination with 2 mg/session or 200 μg/session inhibited H. pylori colonization by 90 and 100%, respectively. These mice were considered protected. Lower levels of H. pylori-specific immunoglobulin A (IgA) were detected in fecal and saliva samples before challenge. However, a significant increase in IgA secretion in mucosal tissue and a higher labeling index for IgA-positive lumina of pyloric glands were noted in these mice in response to challenge and in a vaccine dose-dependent manner. In protected mice, however, severe gastritis characterized by marked infiltration of inflammation mononuclear cells was noted at 6 weeks after challenge, compared with the gastritis seen in unprotected mice or nonvaccinated, ordinarily infected mice. Marked expression of gamma interferon mRNA was detected in the stomach of all protected mice, and 50% of these mice expressed interleukin 4 (IL-4) or IL-5 mRNA. Our findings suggest that local secretory IgA antibody and severe postimmunization gastritis correlate well with protection of mice against H. pylori infection.

scholarly journals Protection of the Ovine Fetal Gut against Ureaplasma-Induced Chorioamnionitis: A Potential Role for Plant Sterols

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte van Gorp ◽  
Ilse H. de Lange ◽  
Owen B. Spiller ◽  
Frédéric Dewez ◽  
Berta Cillero Pastor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Mucosal Damage ◽  
Plant Sterols ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Gut Inflammation ◽  
Ureaplasma Parvum ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Bile Acid Profiles ◽  
Ovine Fetal ◽  
Fetal Inflammatory Response

Chorioamnionitis, clinically most frequently associated with Ureaplasma, is linked to intestinal inflammation and subsequent gut injury. No treatment is available to prevent chorioamnionitis-driven adverse intestinal outcomes. Evidence is increasing that plant sterols possess immune-modulatory properties. Therefore, we investigated the potential therapeutic effects of plant sterols in lambs intra-amniotically (IA) exposed to Ureaplasma. Fetal lambs were IA exposed to Ureaplasma parvum (U. parvum, UP) for six days from 127 d–133 d of gestational age (GA). The plant sterols β-sitosterol and campesterol, dissolved with β-cyclodextrin (carrier), were given IA every two days from 122 d–131 d GA. Fetal circulatory cytokine levels, gut inflammation, intestinal injury, enterocyte maturation, and mucosal phospholipid and bile acid profiles were measured at 133 d GA (term 150 d). IA plant sterol administration blocked a fetal inflammatory response syndrome. Plant sterols reduced intestinal accumulation of proinflammatory phospholipids and tended to prevent mucosal myeloperoxidase-positive (MPO) cell influx, indicating an inhibition of gut inflammation. IA administration of plant sterols and carrier diminished intestinal mucosal damage, stimulated maturation of the immature epithelium, and partially prevented U. parvum-driven reduction of mucosal bile acids. In conclusion, we show that β-sitosterol and campesterol administration protected the fetus against adverse gut outcomes following UP-driven chorioamnionitis by preventing intestinal and systemic inflammation.

scholarly journals Effect of Motor Impairment on Analgesic Efficacy of Dopamine D2/3 Receptors in a Rat Model of Neuropathy

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. JEN.S36492 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margarida Dourado ◽  
Helder Cardoso-Cruz ◽  
Clara Monteiro ◽  
Vasco Galhardo
Keyword(s):  
Pain Perception ◽  
Antinociceptive Effect ◽  
Motor Impairment ◽  
Exploratory Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Dopamine D2 ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Pain Responses

Testing the clinical efficacy of drugs that also have important side effects on locomotion needs to be properly designed in order to avoid erroneous identification of positive effects when the evaluation depends on motor-related tests. One such example is the evaluation of analgesic role of drugs that act on dopaminergic receptors, since the pain perception tests used in animal models are based on motor responses that can also be compromised by the same substances. The apparent analgesic effect obtained by modulation of the dopaminergic system is still a highly disputed topic. There is a lack of acceptance of this effect in both preclinical and clinical settings, despite several studies showing that D2/3 agonists induce antinociception. Some authors raised the hypothesis that this antinociceptive effect is enhanced by dopamine-related changes in voluntary initiation of movement. However, the extent to which D2/3 modulation changes locomotion at analgesic effective doses is still an unresolved question. In the present work, we performed a detailed dose-dependent analysis of the changes that D2/3 systemic modulation have on voluntary locomotor activity and response to four separate tests of both thermal and mechanical pain sensitivity in adult rats. Using systemic administration of the dopamine D2/3 receptor agonist quinpirole, and of the D2/3 antagonist raclopride, we found that modulation of D2/3 receptors impairs locomotion and exploratory activity in a dose-dependent manner across the entire range of tested dosages. None of the drugs were able to consistently diminish either thermal or mechanical pain perception when administered at lower concentrations; on the other hand, the larger concentrations of raclopride (0.5–1.0 mg/kg) strongly abolished pain responses, and also caused severe motor impairment. Our results show that administration of both agonists and antagonists of dopaminergic D2/3 receptors affects sensorimotor behaviors, with the effect over locomotion and exploratory activity being stronger than the observed effect over pain responses.

X-ray inactivation, Weigle reactivation, and Weigle mutagenesis of the lysogenic Vibrio κ phage

1991 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 265-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Bhattacharyya ◽  
S. A. Samad ◽  
J. C. Mandal ◽  
S. N. Chatterjee
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Enhancement Factor ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Maximum Protection ◽  
Uv Dose ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Good Agreement

Vibrio cholerae lysogenic κ phage was inactivated by X-ray (60 kV) in a dose-dependent manner, the inactivation dose leading to 37% survival (D37) in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4, being 0.36 kGy. The phages were significantly protected against X-ray irradiation when histidine or cysteine or both were present in PBS or when phages were irradiated in nutrient broth. Maximum protection was offered when both histidine (10.0 mM) and cysteine (10.0 mM) were present in PBS (dose enhancement factor being 4.17). The X-irradiated κ phages also underwent a small but significant Weigle reactivation and also Weigle mutagenesis in the UV-irradiated V. cholerae host H218Smr. The Weigle factor or the frequency of clear-plaque mutants increased with increasing UV dose, attained a maximum at a UV dose of 2.4 J m−2, and thereafter decreased gradually with a further increase of the UV dose. The X-ray dose (D) – survival (S) curves could be empirically described by the equation S = exp[−(aD + bD2)], where a and b are constants depending on the irradiation conditions, and a good agreement between the theoretical curves and experimental data was obtained. Key words: Vibrio cholerae, lysogenic κ phage, X-ray inactivation, Weigle reactivation, Weigle mutagenesis.

scholarly journals The Leukotriene B4 Receptor Antagonist ONO-4057 Inhibits Nephrotoxic Serum Nephritis in WKY Rats

1999 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-270
Author(s):  
SATORU SUZUKI ◽  
TAKESHI KURODA ◽  
JUN-ICHIROU KAZAMA ◽  
NAOFUMI IMAI ◽  
HIDEKI KIMURA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Receptor Antagonist ◽  
Crescentic Glomerulonephritis ◽  
Leukotriene B4 ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Wistar Kyoto ◽  
Leukotriene B4 Receptor ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Ltb4 Receptor

Abstract. To evaluate the role of leukotriene B4 (LTB4) in glomerulonephritis, this study was conducted to examine whether ONO-4057, an LTB4 receptor antagonist, moderated nephritis caused by the injection of nephrotoxic serum (NTS) into Wistar-Kyoto rats. Rats were given intraperitoneal injections of ONO-4057 or phosphate-buffered saline 24 h before the injection of NTS. These rats subsequently received equal doses of ONO-4057 or phosphate-buffered saline 3 h and 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 d later. Compared with the control groups, ONO-4057 treatment significantly reduced proteinuria and hematuria, suppressed the glomerular accumulation of monocytes/macrophages, and reduced the formation of crescentic glomeruli in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that LTB4 is responsible for the crescentic formations and renal dysfunction associated with NTS nephritis. The LTB4 receptor antagonist ONO-4057 may thus be beneficial in the treatment of crescentic glomerulonephritis.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF ANTI-ARTHRITIC POTENTIAL OF PARTITIONED EXTRACTS OF BOUGAINVILLEA X BUTTIANA (VAR. ROSE) HOLTTUM AND STANDL

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 117
Author(s):  
Rodolfo Abarca Vargas ◽  
Rigoberto Villanueva Guerrero ◽  
Vera L. Petricevich
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Paw Oedema ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Acute And Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: Bougainvillea is a natural source with potential for clinical use, and this plant is routinely employed in traditional Medicine in Mexico. This study planned to evaluate the effect of ethanolic extract partitioned of Bougainvillea x buttiana on acute and chronic inflammation.Methods: The extract from Bougainvillea x buttiana partitioned originated two phases the aqueous (BxbREaq) and organic (BxbREop) phases were employed in anti-inflammatory activity. Acute inflammation was evaluated using the carrageenan model, whereas the chronic inflammation with anti-arthritic potential was explored with complete Freund´s adjuvant (CFA). Arthritis was caused by intradermal inoculation of CFA, and the extract was administered orally at different doses for 21 d. Paw oedema was determined at 7, 14 and 21 d, and serum from the mice were obtained to detect cytokine levels by ELISA and for biological assays.Results: Phytochemistry studies revealed that these extracts contain alkaloids, carbohydrates, fatty acids, and tannins. The results demonstrated that these extracts significantly inhibited mouse paw oedema for acute and chronic inflammation in a dose-dependent manner. Additionally, BxbREop extracts markedly inhibited the production of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 and remarkably increased IL-10 in serum from mice with control or arthritic groups.Conclusion: The combined results suggest that BxbREop extract shows a potent effect in mice against CFA-induced arthritis for its ability to inhibit paw oedema and arthritic symptoms.

scholarly journals Anti-oxidative Fraction of Lycorma delicatula Alleviates Inflammatory Indicators

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Hwa Baek ◽  
Okjin Joung ◽  
Ho-Young Lee ◽  
Jae-Cheon Shin ◽  
Won-Sik Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Inflammatory Damage ◽  
Cytokine Levels ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Drastic Increase ◽  
Matrix Metalloproteinase 7 ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Potent Inhibitory Activity

Lycorma delicatula is a reluctant pest capable of living in the stems of several tree species. The population has recently expanded in Korea due to several environmental factors including climate change. However, the precise reasons for this rapid and drastic increase in population size remain unknown. In order to examine the potential utility of this surplus biomass of Lycorma delicatula, we prepared an aqueous fraction from a dried imago, and tested its various anti-inflammatory activities and effects on cytokine levels in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. The aqueous extract of Lycorma delicatula showed potent inhibitory activity on nitric oxide production, by more than 60% at a concentration of 300 μg/mL. We also evaluated interleukin (IL)-13 level using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). The anti-oxidative fraction of Lycorma delicatula inhibited LPS-induced IL-13 production in a dose-dependent manner, and T-bet promoter activity of cells treated with 300 μg/mL of Lycorma delicatula extract was also dramatically inhibited to 62% of that of LPS-treated cells. Furthermore, we compared matrix metalloproteinase-7 (MMP-7), -9, -14 and -17 expressions using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), which showed a drastic decrease in RNA levels in cells treated with the anti-oxidative fraction. Together, the present results suggest that the aqueous fraction of Lycorma delicatula has potential to ameliorate inflammatory characteristics during an inflammation event, supporting the idea that the fraction may be applied as a biomaterial to prevent inflammatory damage in skin tissues.

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