scholarly journals Determination of No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level Ammonia in White Mice Through CD4 Expression

Dose-Response ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 155932581880779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdul Rohim Tualeka ◽  
Jihan Faradisha ◽  
Rizky Maharja

Background: Ammonia is one of the chemical compounds that can cause acute and chronic effects to the workers. The purpose of this study is to determine the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) ammonia in white mice. Methods: This study applied a laboratory experimental with design post test-only control group design using white mice as an object. The process of finding the safe limit began by determining the highest dose and the lowest dose of ammonia without effect in white mice. Results: The latest research showed that the highest dose without effect is 0.0456 mg/kg and the lowest dose without effect is 0.0046 mg/kg. After determining the highest and the lowest dose of ammonia, the researcher started to determine the middle dose. The middle dose is the dose between the highest and the lowest doses with the multiplication of 1.5 starting from the lowest dose (there are 5 middle-dose variations from 5 middle concentration variations), consisting of 0.0872, 0.1309, 0.1963, 0.2944, and 0.4416 mg/m3. Conclusion: From the result of the middle dose and the lowest dose without effect, it is found the value of the highest NH3 dose without effect, which showed the highest Index Remmele Scale (IRS) CD4 before the reduction of IRS. The study concludes that the NOAEL of ammonia contained in white mice is 0.0103 mg/kg body weight of the mice.

Toxins ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Rykaczewska ◽  
Magdalena Gajęcka ◽  
Ewa Onyszek ◽  
Katarzyna Cieplińska ◽  
Michał Dąbrowski ◽  
...  

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a mycotoxin that not only binds to estrogen receptors, but also interacts with steroidogenic enzymes and acts as an endocrine disruptor. The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that low doses, minimal anticipated biological effect level (MABEL), no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) and lowest-adverse-effect level (LOAEL), of ZEN administered orally for 42 days can induce changes in the peripheral blood concentrations of selected steroid hormones (estradiol, progesterone and testosterone) in pre-pubertal gilts. The experiment was performed on 60 clinically healthy gilts with average BW of 14.5 ± 2 kg, divided into three experimental groups and a control group. Group ZEN5 animals were orally administered ZEN at 5 μg ZEN/kg BW, group ZEN10 — at 10 μg ZEN/kg BW, group ZEN15 — at 15 μg ZEN/kg BW, whereas group C received a placebo. Five gilts from every group were euthanized on analytical dates 1, 2 and 3 (days 7, 14 and 42 of the experiment). Qualitative and quantitative changes in the biotransformation of low ZEN doses were observed. These processes were least pronounced in group ZEN5 (MABEL dose) where ZEN metabolites were not detected on the first analytical date, and where β-ZEL was the predominant metabolite on successive dates. The above was accompanied by an increase in the concentration of estradiol (E2) which, together with “free ZEN”, probably suppressed progesterone (P4) and testosterone (T) levels.


Toxicon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 16-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Boente-Juncal ◽  
Carmen Vale ◽  
Mercedes Camiña ◽  
J. Manuel Cifuentes ◽  
Mercedes R. Vieytes ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 298-315
Author(s):  
Kunjan Shah ◽  
◽  
Sudhakar Jadhav ◽  
Manish Patel ◽  
Jaydip Mistry ◽  
...  

TGT Primaage is one of the astonishing extracts, obtained from a combination of Moringa oleifera and Centella asiatica. At present, there is no finding reported regardin g the repeated exposure of this extract. This study investigates the No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) and effects of repeated-dose administration of Astragalin and Isoquercetin (components of interest) present in TGT Primaage on Wistar rats. Rats were divided into 3 treatment and a control group (10 rats/sex/group). To assess reversibility, persistence, or delayed effect, additional control and high dose groups were treated similarly and observed further without any treatment. TGT Primaage was administered orally, through gavage for 90 days, at 0, 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg body weight/day. No mortality, morbidity, and clinical sign of toxicity was observed. Abnormality related to neurological and functional parameters was not seen. No change in body weight and food consumption was observed. Treatment did not lead to any adverse effect in clinical pathology parameters and organ weights. TGT Primaage did not alter morphological and histopathological characteristics of organs. From these results, it is evident that TGT Primaage appears to be safe and devoid of any toxicity. The No Observed Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) of TGT Primaage for both sexes were found to be 1000 mg/kg body weight/day


2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-85
Author(s):  
Raja Al Fath Widya Iswara ◽  
Sigid Kirana Lintang Bhima ◽  
Intarniati Nur Rohmah

Latar Belakang : Asfiksia merupakan salah satu mekanisme kematian yang dapat terjadi akibat gantung. Otak merupakan salah satu organ penting yang dinilai dalam otopsi kasus gantung. Secara makroskopis tidaklah mudah membedakan temuan asfiksia pada otak yang terjadi antemortem dan perimortem. Adanya temuan asfiksia pada pemeriksaan mikrokopis dapat menentukan intravitalitas gantung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penentuan intravitalitas gantung berdasarkan gambaran histopatologis otakbesar mencit Balb/c. Metode : Penelitian eksperimental ini menggunakan post test only with control group design yang telah memenuhi kelayakan etik dengan sampel berjumlah 18 mencit Balb/c jantan yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberi perlakuan, kelompok antemortem yang digantung saat masih hidup, kelompok perimortem yang digantung 15 menit setelah mati. Pada kelompok pelakuan mencit digantung selama 1 jam dengan tali yang ditambahkan beban 50 gram. Penilaian gambaran histopatologi otak besar berdasarkan reaksi inflamasi dan perdarahan. Hasil : Pada kelompok kontrol hampir tidak terdapat inflamasi dan perdarahan, pada kelompok antemortem terdapat inflamasi sedang hingga berat dan perdarahan berat, pada kelompok perimortem terdapat inflamasi dan perdarahan ringan hingga sedang. Pada uji Kruskal Wallis didapatkan perbedaan bermakna pada semua kelompok (p<0,05). Pada Uji Man Whitney didapatkan perbedaan yang bermakna pada parameter inflamasi dan perdarahan antara kelompok kontrol dengan kelompok antemortem dan perimortem, antara kelompok antemortem dan perimortem (p<0,05). Simpulan : Intravitalitas Gantung dapat ditentukan berdasarkan gambaran histopatologis otak besar mencit Balb/c dimana reaksi inflamasi dan perdarahan berat didapatkan pada kelompok antemortem. Kata Kunci: gantung, histopatologis, intravital, otak besar   Hanging Intravitality Determination based on Cerebrum Histopathological Features in Balb/c Mice Abstract Background: Asphyxia is one of the death mechanisms that can occur due to hanging. The brain is one of the important organs autopsied in a hanging-related death case. Macroscopically, it is challenging to distinguish between asphyxiated brains occuring antemortem and those occurring perimortem. The presence of asphyxia on micro-examination can help determining the hanging intravitality. This study aims to determine hanging intravitality based on cereberum histopathological features in mice Balb/c mice. Method: This is a post test only experimental study with control group examining 18 male Balb/c mice in three groups involving untreated control group, antemortem group hanged during alive, perimortem group hanged 15 minutes after death. In the treatment groups, mice were hanged with 50 grams load for 1 hour. Determination of histopathological features is based on inflammatory and bleeding reactions.   Results: Nearly no inflammation and bleeding was found in the control group, moderate to severe inflammation and heavy bleeding was found in the antemortem group, mild to moderate inflammation and bleeding was found in the perimortem group. The Kruskal Wallis test showed significant differences in all groups (p <0.05). The Man Whitney test found significant differences in the inflammatory and bleeding parameters between the control group and the antemortem and perimortem groups; between the antemortem and perimortem groups (p <0.05). Conclusion: The cerebrum histopathological features of the Balb/c mice can indicate hanging intravitality in which the antemortem group shows inflammatory reactions and heavy bleeding. Keywords: hanging, histopathological, intravital, cerebrum


2001 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Araya ◽  
Marie Clare McGoldrick ◽  
Leslie M. Klevay ◽  
J.J. Strain ◽  
Paula Robson ◽  
...  

Toxins ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Abal ◽  
M. Louzao ◽  
Alvaro Antelo ◽  
Mercedes Alvarez ◽  
Eva Cagide ◽  
...  

2013 ◽  
Vol 137 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 245-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda Kovács ◽  
Gábor Tornyos ◽  
Zsolt Matics ◽  
Miklós Mézes ◽  
Krisztián Balogh ◽  
...  

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 447
Author(s):  
Iyay Robia Khoerudin ◽  
Neneng Titin ◽  
Eki Kiyamudin

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan menulis surat dinas siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri Se-Kecamatan Panyingkiran Kabupaten Majalengka, mengetahui kemampuan menulis surat dinas dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran STAD (Student Teams-Achievment Divisions) siswa kelas VIII di SMP Negeri Se-Kecamatan Panyingkiran Kabupaten Majalengka, serta menjelaskan efektifitas model pembelajaran STAD (Student Teams-Achievment Divisions) untuk meningkatkan  pengajaran menulis surat dinas siswa Kelas VIII di SMP Negeri Se-Kecamatan Panyingkiran Kabupaten Majalengka.Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan kualitatif dengan metode eksperimen Pre test-Post test Control Group Design, populasinya yaitu SMP Negeri Se-Kecamatan Panyingkiran Kabupaten Majalengka tahun ajaran 2013/2014, sedangkan  sampelnya ditentukan melalui teknik simple random sampling yaitu kelas VIII G SMP Negeri 2 Panyingkiran sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VIII B SMP Negeri 1 Panyingkiran sebagai kelas kontrol. Instrumen pengumpulan data yang digunakan tes tertulis tes awal dan tes akhir, kuesioner, lembar observasi guru dan siswa, setelah data diperoleh maka dilakukan analisis data. Data kuesioner dan observasi dianalisis dalam bentuk uraian sedangkan data tes dianalisis dengan statistik dan di deskripsikan.Berdasarkan perhitungan statistik program SPSS 16.0 diperoleh hasil uji t pretes pada kedua kelas tersebut memiliki nilai t=5.429 derajat kebebasan (df)=n-1=38 nilai probability (sig 2-tailed) sebesar 0,000.  Hal ini berarti t hitung <0,005. Artinya 0,000<0,05, pada uji t ini bahwasanya pretes pada kedua kelas terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelas eksperimen dengan kelas kontrol.  Apabila ditinjau dari segi rata-rata pretes eksperimen lebih efektif daripada kelas kontrol. Hal ini terbukti dari rata-ratanya pretes kelas eksperimen 64,8 kelas kontrol 62,3 selisih rata-rata 2,5. Sedangkan rata-rata postes kelas eksperimen 81,2 dan kelas kontrol 69 terjadi selisih postes 12,2.


2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kadir Kadir ◽  
Munawir Sadzali

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Number Head Together (NHT) terhadap keterampilan problem posing matematis siswa. Penelitian ini dilakukan di SD Al- Zahra Indonesia, untuk tahun akademik 2014/2015. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuasi eksperimen dengan Post-test Only Control Group Design, melibatkan 60 siswa sebagai sampel. Untuk menentukan sampel digunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Pengambilan data menggunakan instrumen seperti tes esai tertulis. Keterampilan problem posing matematis siswa yang mengajar dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Number Head Together (NHT) lebih tinggi daripada keterampilan problem posing matematis siswa yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran klasik (t hitung = 2,01 table t tabel = 2,00 ). Persentase jawaban siswa dari problem posing berdasarkan gambar, tabel dan diagram yang diajarkan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Number Head Together (NHT) lebih tinggi daripada siswa yang mengajar dengan model pembelajaran klasik. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian ini bahwa pembelajaran matematika Pecahan dengan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Number Head Together (NHT) memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap keterampilan problem posing matematika siswa.


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