State of the Art Reviews: Measurement of Physical Activity in Children and Adolescents

2007 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stewart G. Trost
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Heart Rate Monitoring ◽  
New Developments ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Measurement Approach

To date, a wide range of methods has been used to measure physical activity in children and adolescents. These include self-report methods such as questionnaires, activity logs, and diaries as well as objective measures of physical activity such as direct observation, doubly labeled water, heart rate monitoring, accelerometers, and pedometers. The purpose of this review is to overview the methods currently being used to measure physical activity in children and adolescents. For each measurement approach, new developments and/or innovations are identified and discussed. Particular attention is given to the use of accelerometers and the calibration of accelerometer output to units of energy expenditure to developing children.

Abstract MP028: Physical Activity Relates to Lower Visceral Adiposity in Children and Adolescents

Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda E Staiano ◽  
Stephanie T Broyles ◽  
Alok K Gupta ◽  
Peter T Katzmarzyk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Regular Physical Activity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Percent Body Fat ◽  
Lower Body ◽  
Body Fat Percent

Introduction: Expansion of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) associates with adverse metabolic changes. While regular moderate-to-vigorous activity is associated with lower total body fat in children and adolescents, it is unknown how physical activity relates to other adiposity indices, including VAT. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that regular physical activity in children and adolescents associates with lower body fat, percent body fat, abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT), and VAT. Methods: The sample included 393 boys and girls aged 5–18 years (45.6% White, 50.6% African American, and 3.8% Other). Body fat and percent body fat were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. Abdominal SAT and VAT mass were measured by magnetic resonance imaging between the highest point of the liver and the lower pole of the right kidney (using 5 to 8 cross-sectional slices, 4.76 cm apart). Participants were categorized as being regularly active by self-report: moderate-to-vigorous physical activity of ≥ 60 minutes/day, ≥ 4 days/week. Those who were physically active fewer than 4 days/week were categorized as not regularly active. Results: In this sample of children and adolescents, 45.6% of participants were regularly active. One-way ANCOVAs adjusted for age and sex demonstrated that regularly active youth had significantly less body fat (p<0.01) and lower percent body fat (p<0.01) than those who were not regularly active. One-way ANCOVAs adjusted for age, gender, and body fat, revealed that regularly active children and adolescents had no difference in SAT but had significantly lower amounts of VAT (p<0.05) when compared to those who were not regularly active. Conclusion: Engagement in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity for at least 60 minutes on four or more days of the week in children and adolescents was related to lower body fat, percent body fat and VAT, when compared to those youth who were less active. The promotion of regular physical activity has significant public health implications for body fat accumulation and for controlling excess VAT during childhood and adolescence.

Development and psychometric exploration of a semi-structured clinical interview for Misophonia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Eliza Guetta ◽  
Clair Cassiello-Robbins ◽  
Deepika Anand ◽  
Mark Zachary Rosenthal
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Psychometric Analyses ◽  
Current Sample ◽  
Measurement Approach ◽  
Preliminary Support

Misophonia is a newly described disorder associated with significant emotional distress, functional impairment, and a wide range of mental health problems (e.g., mood, anxiety, and personality disorders). Although recent studies have begun to validate self-report measures of misophonia, no psychometrically validated interviews have been developed. To advance a scientific understanding of misophonia, rigorously developed structured interviews are needed as a complimentary measurement approach to self-report inventories. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to develop and begin preliminarily validating a semi-structured clinical interview for misophonia. We took an iterative, grassroots approach to item generation and interview development involving key stakeholders (i.e., misophonia sufferers, experts in the field). Initial psychometric analyses from the current sample (n = 30) evidenced excellent preliminary estimates for internal consistency, convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. Results from this study provide preliminary support for the Duke Misophonia Interview, and we recommend that this interviewer-rated measure be iteratively developed and refined using larger and more diverse samples.

scholarly journals What they say and what they do: comparing physical activity across the USA, England and the Netherlands

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (6) ◽  
pp. 471-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Kapteyn ◽  
James Banks ◽  
Mark Hamer ◽  
James P Smith ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Accelerometer Data ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
The Usa

BackgroundPhysical activity (PA) is important for maintaining health, but there are fundamental unanswered questions on how best it should be measured.MethodsWe measured PA in the Netherlands (n=748), the USA (n=540) and England (n=254), both by a 7 day wrist-worn accelerometer and by self-reports. The self-reports included a global self-report on PA and a report on the frequency of vigorous, moderate and mild activity.ResultsThe self-reported data showed only minor differences across countries and across groups within countries (such as different age groups or working vs non-working respondents). The accelerometer data, however, showed large differences; the Dutch and English appeared to be much more physically active than Americans h (For instance, among respondents aged 50 years or older 38% of Americans are in the lowest activity quintile of the Dutch distribution). In addition, accelerometer data showed a sharp decline of PA with age, while no such pattern was observed in self-reports. The differences between objective measures and self-reports occurred for both types of self-reports.ConclusionIt is clear that self-reports and objective measures tell vastly different stories, suggesting that across countries people use different response scales when answering questions about how physically active they are.

Feasibility, Validity, and Responsiveness of Self‐Report and Objective Measures of Physical Activity in Patients With Chronic Pain

PM&R ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 858-867
Author(s):  
Matthew L. Stevens ◽  
Chung‐Wei C. Lin ◽  
Hidde P. van der Ploeg ◽  
Maria De Sousa ◽  
Jessica Castle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Objective Measures

scholarly journals Article Commentary: Improvements in the Measurement of Physical Activity in Childhood Obesity Research; Lessons from Large Studies of Accelerometers

2008 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. CMPed.S1127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Calum Mattocks ◽  
Kate Tilling ◽  
Andy Ness ◽  
Chris Riddoch
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Chronic Disease Risk

Advances in technology have improved our ability to measure physical activity in free-living humans. In the last few years, several large epidemiological studies in Europe and the United States have used accelerometers to assess physical activity in children and adolescents. The use of accelerometers to study physical activity has presented some challenges on how to summarise and interpret the data that they generate, however these studies are providing important information on the levels and patterns of physical activity among children and adolescents. Some studies have reported that few children and adolescents appear to meet the recommended minimum of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous activity per day. Accelerometers have also allowed examination of the relationships between physical activity and health outcomes like obesity and other chronic disease risk factors such as insulin resistance, aerobic fitness, blood lipids and blood pressure. Use of accelerometers allows such relationships to be estimated with a precision that was previously impossible with self-report measures of physical activity. Such information is already advancing our understanding of the role that physical activity plays in preventing childhood obesity and cardiovascular disease risk.

Periodic Change in Sufficient Physical Activity: A 2-Year Study of a Multi-Ethnic Cohort

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 1369-1377
Author(s):  
Rod K. Dishman ◽  
Claudio Nigg
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Latent Transition Analysis ◽  
Outcome Studies ◽  
Point Prevalence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Periodic Change ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Transition Analysis ◽  
Total Cohort ◽  
Multiethnic Sample

Background:Measuring the way people vary across time in meeting recommended levels of physical activity is a prerequisite to quantifying exposure in outcome studies or identifying determinants of sufficient physical activity. The study determined whether distinct patterns of change in sufficient physical activity could be identified in a population.Methods:A cohort (N = 497) from a random, multiethnic sample of adults living in Hawaii was assessed every 6 months for 2 years beginning spring 2004. Latent transition analysis classified people as sufficiently or insufficiently active each time.Results:In the total cohort, odds that people would move from insufficient to sufficient activity (45% to 59%) at each 6-month transition were higher than odds they would move from sufficient to insufficient activity (8% to 13%). However, those odds, as well as types and amounts of physical activity, differed widely among and within 3 of 4 transition classes that represented 21% of the cohort.Conclusions:Point-prevalence of sufficient physical activity in the total cohort was similar to contemporary U.S. estimates. However, physical activity varied between and within subgroups of the cohort. Further research is needed using self-report and objective measures to determine patterns of change in sufficient physical activity in other representative cohorts.

scholarly journals Active Commute in Relation to Cognition and Academic Achievement in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Future Recommendations

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (24) ◽  
pp. 5103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhura Phansikar ◽  
Sadia Anjum Ashrafi ◽  
Naiman A. Khan ◽  
William V. Massey ◽  
Sean P. Mullen
Keyword(s):  
Academic Achievement ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Active Commuting To School ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Active Commute ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

Active commuting to school (ACS) is an important source of physical activity among children. Recent research has focused on ACS and its benefits on cognition and academic achievement (AA), factors important for success in school. This review aims to synthesize literature on the relationship between ACS and cognition or AA among children and adolescents. Peer-reviewed articles in PubMed, Web of Science, PsycINFO and Cochrane Library assessing ACS with cognition and/or AA among children, until February 2019, were selected. Twelve studies across nine countries (age range 4–18.5 years) were included. One study used accelerometers, whereas all others used self-report measures of ACS. A wide range of objective assessments of cognitive functioning and AA domains were used. Five among eight studies, and four among six found a positive relationship between ACS and cognitive or AA measure, respectively. Four studies found dose–response relationships, and some studies found sex differences. The quantitative analysis found that ACS was not significantly associated with mathematics score (odds ratio = 1.18; CI = 0.40, 3.48). Findings are discussed in terms of methodological issues, potential confounders, and the strength of the evidence. Future studies should conduct longitudinal studies and use objective measures of ACS to understand this relationship further.

scholarly journals Pre- to Postoperative Physical Activity Changes in Bariatric Surgery Patients: Self Report vs. Objective Measures

Obesity ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 2395-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale S. Bond ◽  
John M. Jakicic ◽  
Jessica L. Unick ◽  
Sivamainthan Vithiananthan ◽  
Dieter Pohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Objective Measures

Parent self-efficacy for managing pain in seriously ill children and adolescents nearing end of life

2011 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary W. Byrne ◽  
Elana Evan ◽  
Lorie S. Goshin ◽  
Matthew D. Erlich ◽  
Jackie H.J. Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Mood States ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Caregiver Strain ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Seriously Ill ◽  
Child Age

AbstractObjective:Using data from a multi-site study of parent–child symptom reporting concordance, this secondary analysis explored the role of parent self-efficacy related to pain management for seriously ill school-age children and adolescents.Method:In the initial study, 50 children and adolescents who were expected to survive 3 years or less were recruited along with their parent/primary caregiver. Parent self-report data were used in this secondary analysis to describe parent self-efficacy for managing their child's pain, caregiver strain, mood states, and perception of the child's pain; to explore relationships among these variables; and to determine predictors of greater self-efficacy.Results:Parents expressed a wide range of self-efficacy levels (Chronic Pain Self-Efficacy Scale; possible range 10–100, mean 76.2, SD 14.7) and higher levels on average than reported previously by family caregivers of adult patients. Caregiver Strain Index scores were markedly high (possible range 0–13, mean 8.1, SD 3.8) and inversely correlated with self-efficacy (r = −0.44, p = 0.001). On the Profile of Mood States parents reported more negative moods (t = 4.0, p < 0.001) and less vigor (t = −5.0, p < 0.001) than adults in a normative sample, yet vigor rather than mood disturbance predicted self-efficacy. With the exception of child age, self-efficacy was not associated with demographics (child gender, ethnicity, household income, parent age, education, family size) or with the diagnostic groups (primarily cardiac and oncologic) comprising the sample. Younger child age, less caregiver strain, more parent vigor, and parent perception that child is without pain predicted more than half of the variance in parent self-efficacy (R2 = 0.51).Significance of results:Findings advance knowledge of parent self-efficacy in managing the pain of a child with life-threatening illness. Results can be used to design supportive interventions enhancing parents’ caregiving roles during their child's last stages of life.

scholarly journals Physical Activity and Body Composition Among Ambulatory Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 137-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin M. Snook ◽  
Mina C. Mojtahedi ◽  
Ellen M. Evans ◽  
Edward McAuley ◽  
Robert W. Motl
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Body Composition ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Body Fatness ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Report Measure

Individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) engage in less physical activity than the general population. This level of inactivity may increase a person's risk of being overweight and obese. The relationship between physical activity and body composition is examined among 34 ambulatory adults with a definite diagnosis of MS. Participants wore pedometers and accelerometers, objective measures of physical activity, for 7 days; completed a self-report measure of physical activity; and underwent various measurements of body composition, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, and relative body fat by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Statistically significant negative correlations were found between physical activity levels and measures of body fatness, and the correlations were strong between the objective measures of physical activity and DXA measures of body composition. The correlations were moderate between the self-report measure of physical activity and less precise measures of body composition. Our findings suggest that inactivity plays an important role in body fatness among people with MS, and subjective measures of physical activity and less precise measures of body fatness, such as BMI, may underestimate the strength of the relationship between physical activity and risk for obesity in the MS population.

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