scholarly journals Design and cost estimation of solar powered reverse osmosis desalination system

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 168781402110290
Author(s):  
Muhammad Wajid Saleem ◽  
Asad Abbas ◽  
Muhammad Asim ◽  
Ghulam Moeen Uddin ◽  
Tariq Nawaz Chaudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Cost Estimation ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Design System ◽  
Inlet Concentration ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Simulation Based ◽  
Solar Powered

Photovoltaic assisted reverse osmosis (PV-RO) has been proven an efficient renewable energy-based desalination technique to provide drinkable water, especially in remote areas. In this manuscript, a simulation based RO design system was adopted to evaluate the desalination performance for three cities of Pakistan, that is, Lahore, Hasil Pur, and Faisalabad. The inlet concentration of Lahore, Hasil Pur, and Faisalabad was reduced from 1495, 2190, and 7683 TDS to 295.44, 237.69, and 241.98 TDS respectively, according to the WHO drinking water recommendations. The RO desalination system was integrated with the photovoltaic system to fulfill the energy requirement for desalination. The energy requirement for the RO system for the working of 10 h/day with the freshwater production rate of 0.80 m3/h for Lahore, Hasil Pur, and Faisalabad is 60, 95, and 311 kWh/month, respectively. According to PVsyst software, the energy demand can be accomplished by installing 9 PV panels in Lahore, 15 PV panels in Hasil Pur, and 40 PV panels in Faisalabad. The simulation results in PVsyst showing that the battery losses will be 52.2% in Lahore, 51.1% in Hasil Pur, and 49% in Faisalabad.

scholarly journals Designing of an off-grid Photovoltaic system with battery storage for remote location

TECCIENCIA ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (31) ◽  
pp. 15-28
Author(s):  
Asad A. Naqvi ◽  
Talha Bin Nadeem ◽  
Ahsan Ahmed ◽  
Asad Ali Zaidi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Maximum Energy ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Pv System ◽  
Battery Capacity

Off-grid Photovoltaic (PV) system along with battery storage is very effective solution for electrification in remote areas. However, battery capacity selection is the most challenging task in system designing. In this study, an off-grid PV system along with battery storage is designed for the remote area of Karachi, Pakistan. The system is designed by considering the maximum energy requirement in summer season. The battery storage is selected to fulfill the energy demand during the night and cloudy seasons. On the basis of load, a total of 6 kW system is required to fulfill the energy demand. For such system, 925 Ah of battery is required to meet the energy requirement for a day in absence of solar irradiation. A regression-based correlation between battery capacity and energy demand is prepared for suitable battery sizing using Minitab. An economic analysis of the project is also carried out from which a net present value and simple payback are determined as USD 10,348 and 3 years, respectively. The environmental benefits are also been determined. It is found that the system will reduce around 7.32 tons of CO2 per annum which corresponds to the 183.69 tons of CO2 not produced in the entire project life.

scholarly journals Modular treatment of arsenic-laden brackish groundwater using solar-powered subsurface arsenic removal (SAR) and membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI) in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 513-526
Author(s):  
U. Hellriegel ◽  
E. E. Cañas Kurz ◽  
T. V. Luong ◽  
J. Bundschuh ◽  
J. Hoinkis
Keyword(s):  
Brackish Water ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Arsenic Removal ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Mekong Delta ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Capacitive Deionization ◽  
Modular Treatment ◽  
Solar Powered

Abstract To evaluate energy efficient concepts for the modular treatment of brackish water, pilot trials for groundwater desalination and arsenic (As) removal were carried out in the Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Groundwater here is affected by naturally occurring high iron (Fe2+) and As concentrations, while, in coastal regions, groundwater is additionally contaminated by high salinity mostly due to seawater intrusion. Desalination was conducted by membrane capacitive deionization (MCDI), which shows low specific energy consumption (SEC). Anoxic groundwater with As(III) and Fe2+ was treated using a pre-oxidation step called subsurface arsenic removal (SAR) with the main advantage that no As-laden waste is produced. The pilot plant was operated using a photovoltaic system (3 kWp) and a small wind turbine (2 kWp). The SEC of drinking water produced was 3.97 kWh/m3. Total dissolved solids (TDS) of 1,560 mg/L were lowered to 188 mg/L, while Fe2+ was reduced from 1.8 mg/L to the below detection limit and As from 2.3 to 0.18 μg/L. The results show that SAR is a feasible remediation technique for Fe2+ and As removal in remote areas, and demonstrate the potential of MCDI for brackish water desalination coupled with renewable energies. However, improvements in energy demand of the MCDI module can still be achieved.

The energy demand for desalination with solar powered reverse osmosis units

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 138-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Went ◽  
F. Kroemke ◽  
H. Schmoch ◽  
M. Vetter
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Solar Powered

scholarly journals Technical and economic feasibility study of a solar plant on a commercial surface in Azogues, Ecuador

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 177-183
Author(s):  
I. Bermeo ◽  
◽  
L. Matute ◽  
E. Barragán-Escandón ◽  
X. Serrano-Guerrero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Demand Curve ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Evaluation Process ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Energy Potential ◽  
Solar Plant

The submitted paper deals with the shopping mall project that will be supplied with solar power. The selected location was "La Playa Store" shopping center located in the city of Azogues, south of Ecuador. This type of building has at least two characteristics worth studying i) the available surface on the roof, ii) the characteristics of the energy demand curve. This evaluation process establishes the energy requirement of the installation; that is, the energy potential available depending on the surface of its roof, to design a solar plant according to international standards and local ARCONEL 003/18 regulations. The tools used for the involving simulation were the Lumion software, an IFC file created and imported into the Solarius Pv energy simulator, a software specialized in the design of photovoltaic systems. The designed photovoltaic system has a projected annual energy generation of 9,3695.26 kWh; an installed price per watt of $1.1 with viable results at the end of the fifth year of implementation with an IRR of 7.33% and NPV of $390.51. As this is a commercial facility, a constant and flat consumption throughout the day is expected, so implementing solar energy would reduce the actual power requirements by 32.63%

scholarly journals Batch Reverse Osmosis Desalination Modeling under a Time-Dependent Pressure Profile

Membranes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Abdeljalil Chougradi ◽  
François Zaviska ◽  
Ahmed Abed ◽  
Jérôme Harmand ◽  
Jamal-Eddine Jellal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Specific Energy ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Specific Energy Consumption ◽  
Pressure Profile ◽  
Recovery Ratio ◽  
Feed Concentration ◽  
Energetic Performance ◽  
Feed Volume

As world demand for clean water increases, reverse osmosis (RO) desalination has emerged as an attractive solution. Continuous RO is the most used desalination technology today. However, a new generation of configurations, working in unsteady-state feed concentration and pressure, have gained more attention recently, including the batch RO process. Our work presents a mathematical modeling for batch RO that offers the possibility of monitoring all variables of the process, including specific energy consumption, as a function of time and the recovery ratio. Validation is achieved by comparison with data from the experimental set-up and an existing model in the literature. Energetic comparison with continuous RO processes confirms that batch RO can be more energy efficient than can continuous RO, especially at a higher recovery ratio. It used, at recovery, 31% less energy for seawater and 19% less energy for brackish water. Modeling also proves that the batch RO process does not have to function under constant flux to deliver good energetic performance. In fact, under a linear pressure profile, batch RO can still deliver better energetic performance than can a continuous configuration. The parameters analysis shows that salinity, pump and energy recovery devices efficiencies are directly linked to the energy demand. While increasing feed volume has a limited effect after a certain volume due to dilution, it also shows, interestingly, a recovery ratio interval in which feed volume does not affect specific energy consumption.

scholarly journals Decentral Energy Generation Potential of Anaerobic Digestion of Black Water and Kitchen Refuse for Eco-District Planning

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2948
Author(s):  
Soufia Mohammadi ◽  
Pilar Monsalvete Álvarez de Uribarri ◽  
Ursula Eicker
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Alternative Energy ◽  
Organic Substrate ◽  
Mass Balances ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Black Water ◽  
Alternative Energy Source ◽  
Simulation Based

Biogas technology is an important alternative energy source worldwide. Blackwater and kitchen refuse represent ideal waste streams for bioenergy recovery through anaerobic co-digestion. Modeling of the biokinetics of anaerobic digestion on several aspects, such as microbial activity, substrate degradation, and methane production, from co-digestion of black water (BW) and kitchen refuse (KR) was the objective of this research. A mathematical model was developed towards a simulation based on mass balances on biomass, the organic substrate, and biogas. The model was implemented in INSEL and experimental data from the literature were used for model validation. The study shows that the simulation results fit well with the experimental data. The energy consumption and generation potential of anaerobic co-digestion of BW and KR were calculated to investigate if the produced biogas could supply the digester’s energy demand. This study can be used to pre-design anaerobic digestion systems in eco-districts.

Design Optimization of a Solar-Powered Reverse Osmosis Desalination System for Small Communities

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jihun Kim ◽  
Karim Hamza ◽  
Mohamed El Morsi ◽  
Ashraf O. Nassef ◽  
Sayed Metwalli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Osmosis ◽  
Fresh Water ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Water Desalination ◽  
Battery Storage ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Permeable Membrane ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Solar Powered

Fresh water availability is essential for the economic development in small communities in remote areas. In desert climate, where naturally occurring fresh water is scarce, seawater or brackish water from wells is often more abundant. Since water desalination approaches are energy intensive, a strong motivation exists for the design of cost-effective desalination systems that utilize the abundant renewable energy resource; solar energy. This paper presents an optimization model of a solar-powered reverse osmosis (RO) desalination system. RO systems rely on pumping salty water at high pressure through semi-permeable membrane modules. Under sufficient pressure, water molecules will flow through the membranes, leaving salt ions behind, and are collected in a fresh water stream. Since RO system are primarily powered via electricity, the system model incorporates photovoltaic (PV) panels, and battery storage for smoothing out fluctuations in the PV power output, as well as allowing system operation for a number of hours after sunset. Design variables include sizing of the PV solar collectors, battery storage capacity, as well as the sizing of the RO system membrane module and power elements. The objective is to minimize the cost of unit volume produced fresh water, subject to constraints on production capacity. A genetic algorithm is used to generate and compare optimal designs for two different locations near the Red Sea and Sinai.

scholarly journals Energy requirement of biomass gasifier model with special reference to odanthurai panchayat in coimbatore district

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
PERIYASAMY P
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Co2 Emission Reduction ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Sustainable Solutions ◽  
Decentralized Energy

Energy is the driving force primarily associated with the economic and social development of a country. Energy serves as the building block of any industry or services, which in turn propel the economy of any nation. But energy at affordable price is the prime challenge which developing countries are facingtoday as a result of continuous increase in primary energy cost. Biomass such as wood, crop residues,agricultural residues. Forest waste, etc., are the oldest source of heat energy for domestic purposes. The energy requirement and end use of energy at rural areas are quite different from urban environment, whichare basic and essential amenities like lighting, water pumping and power for small industries dominate village energy requirements. Even now Coimbatore has rural and urban that need some form of energy other that gird electricity to light up the darkness, to improve its economy and to increase the livingstandards of the rural people. If Odanthurai Panchayat has to achieve its goal of becoming a leading electricity power in Coimbatore. The Odanthurai will have to find modern and renewable ways of producing energy to bridge the increasing gap between demand and supply for electricity supply. In recent years modern biomass conversion technologies have been developed which can convert biomass fuels into various energy forms. These technologies can play an important role in providing sustainable solutions for decentralized energy demand in villages and industries. The economic and environmental conditions of rural areas can be improved only by means of local empowerment and decentralized energy generation.Gasifier can play an important role in the upliftment of rural people as it serves the purpose of economic and environmental improvement. This shows that the substitution of petroleum products and CO2 emission reduction, power generation, assessment of the social impacts and economic viability. So the successful model of Odanthurai can be replicated anywhere to fulfill the energy and other essential needs of rural people.

scholarly journals Effects of solar energy use on rural community: a study of Boyarjapha village in Paikgachha upazila

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajadul Alam Saimon ◽  
Rakibul Ahasan
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Remote Areas ◽  
Rural And Remote Areas ◽  
Solar Electricity ◽  
Day By Day

Renewable energy is of great importance for today’s world which is generally produced from natural sources. Countries like Bangladesh has to use this energy to meet their energy demand. Day by day the demand of electricity is increasing in stormy pace but our resource is limited. So using renewable resources i.e. solar power to meet the demand of electricity is highly necessary especially rural and remote areas. This paper examined the nature and extent of solar energy in Boyarjapha village of Paikgachha Upazila of Khulna district to analyse the effects of solar panel in their daily life. Many positive impacts of solar power were found out such as better quality lighting, education, entertainment, communications, business, increasing working hours, women empowerment, increasing awareness etc. There are a few bad effects of solar energy too. But Government intervention is a must to ensure better quality results in coming future. Similarly, government has to take serious steps to advertise solar electricity in remote areas of Bangladesh

scholarly journals Design of Photovoltaic System with Different Power Point Tracking Techniques for on-Grid Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Keyword(s):  
Energy Demand ◽  
Incident Angle ◽  
Photovoltaic System ◽  
High Power Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Partial Shading ◽  
Point Tracking ◽  
Power Point Tracking ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Power Point ◽  
Continuous Power

In India, solar energy meets consumer energy demand and majority of the plants are grid connected. Solar power is mainly depending on two factors, which are sun ray’s incident angle and change of environment conditions. The Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) module is necessary to maximize the extraction of PV power under partial shading conditions. The main aim of this paper is to highlight the design and implementation of 5MW solar plant with different power tracking techniques. In addition, the detailed explanation of various materials used to design the PV module is illustrated. This paper also describes the two types of solar rating panels that are used to get high power conversion efficiency as well as continuous power supply along with that the plant cost, monthly and yearly power production and corresponding efficiency is calculated.

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