Optimal thickness of various insulation materials for different temperature conditions and heat sources in terms of economic aspect

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Orzechowski ◽  
Mateusz Orzechowski
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Fuel Prices ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Insulation Thickness ◽  
Total Investment ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Local Weather

The article presents the methodology for calculating the optimal insulation thickness that is related to the quality of energy supply and fuel prices. Assuming that the total cost following renovation is the sum of the costs of heating and thermal upgrading, it was shown that when calculating the optimal insulation thickness, the thermal resistance of the outer walls should be taken into account. Such calculations, in addition to the characteristics of the heat source, should be carried out taking into account local weather conditions. The study presents the results of such calculations for the building heated with gas and the air-source heat pump. The results of the investigations are referred to the mean climatic conditions recorded in the last 10 years. It was found that for thermal upgrading with the use of foamed polystyrene having the optimum thickness, total investment costs are almost the same, regardless of polystyrene thermal properties. The same also refers to energy costs. The article also provides sample calculations for plaster, the main ingredient of which is perlite. In the case of internal thermal upgrading of the historic buildings, such isolation is recommended in order to prevent moisture problems inside the envelope.

Effect of pre-utilisation and harvest time on the quantity and quality of fodder on extensive pastures

2010 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bajnok ◽  
L. Szemán ◽  
J. Tasi
Keyword(s):  
Festuca Arundinacea ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Energy Concentration ◽  
List Type ◽  
Regeneration Period ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
June July

No significant studies have yet been reported in Central Europe on the yield and quality of winter harvest pastures. The aim of the research was to collect information about the effect of pre-utilisation (June, July and August) and winter harvest date (November, December, January) on the quantity and quality of fodder from Festuca arundinacea stands. The dry matter, energy, ADF, ADL and ergosterol contents of the yield were examined and it was found that: 1. A shorter regeneration period between harvests resulted in lower dry matter levels, but also in a higher energy concentration and lower ergosterol concentration. 2. The yield and energy concentrations decreased, whereas the ADF, ADL and ergosterol concentrations increased as the winter progressed. 3. Fodder harvested in November produced the best results in terms of yield quantity and quality. The highest yield and energy values were thus achieved by harvesting in November, regardless of pre-utilisation. Despite the cold and the long period of snow cover, the energy values of samples harvested in December and January showed no significant decrease. The weather conditions were more important for fodder quantity and quality than the frequency or date of harvesting. Thus, under the continental climatic conditions in Hungary, extensive utilisation, until late November or early December, is recommended.

scholarly journals How to compare energy performance requirements of Japanese and European office buildings

2019 ◽  
Vol 111 ◽  
pp. 03038
Author(s):  
Kaiser Ahmed ◽  
Gyuyoung Yoon ◽  
Makiko Ukai ◽  
Jarek Kurnitski
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductance ◽  
District Heating ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
Office Building ◽  
Heat Sources ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Air Source Heat Pump ◽  
Performance Requirements ◽  
Insulation Thickness ◽  
Heating Degree Days

This study applied the normalisation method that enabled to compare the energy performance of buildings from European and Japanese climates. A reference office building was simulated with national input data and weather file in order to estimate the thermal conductance of building model and heating degree-days for a reference climate. Based on simulated results, economic insulation thickness and thermal transmittance of windows for all climates were determined. A reference office building corresponding to Japanese ZEB Ready performance was moved with this method to Estonian and French climates. The results compared to national NZEB requirements and EC NZEB Nordic and Oceanic recommendations. It was found that the Japanese ZEB Ready building configuration with air source heat pump was very close to EC NZEB recommendations. However, in the case of district heating and gas-boiler heat sources, it was needed to improve Japanese ZEB Ready building configuration in order to meet EC NZEB recommendations. Estonian NZEB requirement met EC recommendation with both heat sources, but French NZEB requirement was much less ambitious.

The bacterial quality of salad crops drip and furrow irrigated with waste stabilization pond effluent: an evaluation of the who guidelines

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. X. Bastos ◽  
D. D. Mara
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Reuse ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
World Health ◽  
Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization Pond ◽  
Waste Stabilization ◽  
Contamination Levels ◽  
Health Organization

Field- and glasshouse-grown lettuces and radishes were drip- and furrow-irrigated with waste stabilization pond effluent and with trickling filter effluent diluted with clean water. Crop contamination levels varied considerably. Under dry weather conditions they were at worst of the orders of 103 and 104E. coli per 100 g (fresh weight) for radishes and lettuces, respectively; salmonellae were always absent. The bacterial quality of experimental lettuces was similar to those of lettuces on sale in local markets. When rainfall occurred E. coli numbers increased and salmonellae were isolated from lettuce surfaces. These results are interpreted as partially, substantiating the current World Health Organization bacteriological guideline for unrestricted wastewater reuse, but suggest the need for further assessment on the variation in crop contamination caused by climatic conditions.

scholarly journals The relationship of agroclimatic factors and the yield of potato varieties in the conditions of the near Moscow region

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (44) ◽  
pp. 21-21
Author(s):  
Alexander Saakian ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Starch Content ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Hydrothermal Coefficient ◽  
Potato Varieties ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

In 2005-2015. studied the effect of liquid organic fertilizer BIOOD-1 as foliar feeding on the yield and quality of various potato varieties in changing meteorological conditions. According to the results of the experiments, it was established that the most stable yields under various weather conditions were shown by the potatoes of the mid-season variety Bryansk delicacy. The low starch content of varieties Nevsky, Udacha was noted in years of high humidity, but with a lack of moisture, the starch content of these varieties increased in the background variant and in the experiment with organic fertilization. Keywords: CLIMATIC CONDITIONS, HYDROTHERMAL COEFFICIENT, MEAN SENIOR PRECIPITATION, POTATO, YIELD, STARCH, HUMIC FERTILIZERS

scholarly journals Quality of self-propelled sprayers through periodic inspection

2021 ◽  
pp. 150-155
Author(s):  
Antonio Luiz Viegas Neto ◽  
Cristiano Márcio Alves de Souza ◽  
Matheus Marques Miliati ◽  
Izidro Dos Santos Lima Júnior
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Specific Training ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
Periodic Inspection ◽  
Performance Conditions ◽  
On Farm ◽  
Phytosanitary Products ◽  
The Ideal

The inspection of agricultural sprayers is a vital tool for the increment of quality of spray technology for phytosanitary products. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance conditions of self-propelled sprayers on-farm, using the periodical inspection methodology for sprays and analyzing the climatic conditions during the spraying. The evaluations were carried on farms visited randomly. A questionnaire was filled out by the operator or farmers and the inspection itself of the sprayers. The items evaluated were the condition and location of hoses, presence of leaks, monitor performance, spacing between nozzles, spray nozzles, in-line filter, primary filter, the performance of anti-dripping gauges, and limiting environmental conditions. Most interviewed operators and farmers did not know the methodology for inspecting agricultural sprayers, demonstrating the need to create specific training programs in the region. Self-propelled sprayers have a few technical problems when they were new, however, spraying beyond the ideal weather conditions can reduce the spraying quality.

The Combined Effect of Nitrogen Treatment and Weather Conditions on Wheat Protein-Starch Interaction and Dough Quality

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1232
Author(s):  
Indrek Keres ◽  
Maarika Alaru ◽  
Reine Koppel ◽  
Illimar Altosaar ◽  
Tiina Tosens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Organic N ◽  
Positive Interactions ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Dough Quality ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Baltic

The objective of this field crop study was to compare the effect of organic (cattle manure, off-season cover crop) and mineral N (NH4NO3; 0, 50, 100° 150 kg N ha−1) fertilizers on (i) gluten-starch interaction, and (ii) rheological properties of winter wheat dough. Data were collected from the long-term field experiment located in the Baltic Sea region (58°22’ N, 26°40’ E) in years 2013–2017. The amount of minuppueral N 150 kg ha–1 applied in two parts before flowering ensured higher gluten content (31 ± 3.3%) and dough quality (81 ± 7.4 mm) due to more positive interactions between gluten proteins and starch granules. The quality of dough was more variable in organic treatments (ranged up to 33%) because the availability of organic N was more variable and sensitivity to the weather conditions was higher. The mean variability of different dough properties over trial years under organic treatments was 1.4–2.0 times higher than in the treatment with 150 kg N ha−1.

scholarly journals Quality of Silages Made From Meadow Sward From South-Eastern Poland

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 295-303
Author(s):  
Adam Radkowski ◽  
Iwona Radkowska ◽  
Jan Bocianowski
Keyword(s):  
Plant Material ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nutrient Value ◽  
Acid Detergent Fibre ◽  
The Mean

AbstractWeather conditions prevailing in Poland often cause that meadow sward designated for silage is harvested too late, which decreases the quality of prepared silage. The aim of the research was to assess the quality of silages from dried meadow sward. The silages were ensiled in large cylindrical bales in selected individual farms specializing in milk production. The farms where the research was carried out were located in three voivodeships: slaskie, malopolskie and podkarpackie. In the prepared plant material, the basic chemical composition was determined using the method. When comparing the mean values, it was established that silages from the investigated region had a favourable content of total protein, the highest concentration was recorded for silages from Slask, followed by Malopolska and Podkarpacie. A slightly elevated concentration of crude fibre, fraction of acid detergent fibre (ADF) and neutral detergent fibre (NDF), was recorded. This fact shows that farmers collect raw material, particularly from the first cut, too late. Nutrient value of silages from meadow sward decreases with progressing vegetation. Higher protein and energy losses during sward ensiling were also observed at considerable drying of the plant material. In most cases, silages from the studied farms had a low content of monosaccharides. The carried out chemical analyses showed that in overall assessment the studied silages are of good quality; silages prepared from meadow sward from the third cut had the highest value. Proper technology of preservation of meadow sward is one of important factors in the production of feed for ruminants.

scholarly journals Algorithm of rations calculation of animals feeding and areas of green crops sowing

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (92) ◽  
pp. 55-59
Author(s):  
B. Kozij ◽  
O. Stepanjuk
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tabular Data ◽  
Average Data ◽  
The Real ◽  
Genetic Potential ◽  
Standard Information ◽  
Properties Of Soil

The most important factor of realization of genetic potential of animals is  a  valuable feeding.  Considerable attention is today spared to this problem and are conducted many researches of the rationssent to perfection of structure taking into account the physiological features of animals digestion. The process of rations calculation of animals feeding includes the need in public work with plenty of certificate information: by tabular data about content of nutritives, macro- and microelements, vitamins in each type of feed, by the results of lab tests of forage, requirements in the nutritives of animals of different sexual-age-old groups. Work is considerably simplified, if all this information is kept in memory  of computer as a corresponding base. A  standard database contains certificate information about the content of nutritives, macro- and microelements, vitamins, and other in every type of feed in accordance with average data for a corresponding region or zone of agriculture. Such information is conditionally-permanent, as properties of soil and natural and climatic conditions for a concrete region change very slowly. At the rations calculation of agricultural animals feeding and poultry bird it is necessary to have operative information about the real content in corresponding forage all those substances after that there will be a balanced ration. Depending on weather conditions the quality of the used seed, amount and added fertilizer conditions and expiration of forage date the real content of nutritives in every  feed candiffer from a standard for this region. So before of calculations, it is necessary to amend changes in the table of  database that will be directly used in calculations. With the aim of maintenance of standard information such calculations should be performed with the use of some copy of standard database in which should make such changes. An algorithm is offered for realization of calculation of rations of feeding of agricultural animals together with determination of areas of sowing of corresponding greencrops on the basis of the worked out mathematical model but methodology of realization of this algorithm by facilities of tabular processor of Excel.

scholarly journals The effect of the time of budding of mahaleb cherry (Prunus mahaleb L.) seedlings on the quality of maiden trees of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus L.) 'Łutówka'

2012 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Baryła ◽  
Magdalena Kapłan
Keyword(s):  
Sour Cherry ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Prunus Mahaleb ◽  
Production Cycles ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The University ◽  
Cherry Trees

The present study was conducted at the Felin Experi- mental Farm, belonging to the University of Life Sciences in Lublin, during the period 2005–2008. The experimental material consisted of maiden trees of sour cherry 'Łutówka' budded on seedlings of mahaleb cherry (<em>Prunus mahaleb </em>L.) of unknown origin. The experiment evaluated the effect of four budding times: 15 July, 1 August, 15 August, and 1 September, on the quality of cherry trees in a nursery. The mean for the three years showed that budding time did not have a significant effect on the quality of cherry trees in the nursery. It was observed that the budding of mahaleb cherry performed on the two August dates (1st and 15th) had a more beneficial effect on the growth and branching of trees than the budding done on 15 July and 1 September. The quality of maiden cherry trees 'Łutówka' in the nursery was primarily dependent on weather conditions in a given growing season, which is evidenced by the significant differences between production cycles, high variation in the quantitative results in individual years, and the absence of significant differences in the mean for 2006–2008.

scholarly journals The degree of ripening of the grapevine in the varieties of selection of National Scientific Centre ‟Institute of viticulture and wine-making after V.YE. Tairovˮ in the conditions of the northern part of the Forest-steppe of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 105-114
Author(s):  
O. S. Vasylenko ◽  
◽  
T. E. Kondratenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Winter Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Primary Fluorescence ◽  
Wintering Conditions ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Selection Of

Strong growth of shoots and ripening of grape fruits do not give grounds for claiming that the variety is in accordance with the climatic conditions of a certain area. Only a well-ripe vine can withstand severe winter conditions. The purpose of the study is to determine the degree of maturation of the vine in grape varieties of Odessa breeding grown in the northern part of the Forest-steppe, and to identify among them the most prepared for wintering conditions in the area. The degree of maturation of the vine was determined during 2018–2019 in the autumn before the cover of grape plants by the method of primary fluorescence using a microscope MBS-2 with fluorescent illuminator OI-18 and by the method of N. Matuzok. Studies have shown that the degree of ripening of the grapevine depends on the weather conditions during the growing season and varietal characteristics of the plants. Weather conditions during the years of study contributed to the good maturation of the shoots of grapes of all varieties except Kometa and Zahadka. The first had a characteristic brown color of the mature bark along the entire length of the shoot. When bending the vine in its upper part of the characteristic cracking of the bark was not in the varieties Kometa, Zahadka, Yarylo and Muskat odeskyi. The highest degree of ripening of shoot tissues was noted in the lower zone of the vine in the Aromatnyi, Kardyshakh, Kishmish tayirovskij. In the middle zone of shoots, the highest degree of maturation of the felema was found in the variety Kardyshakh, and in the upper part of the shoot, in the variety Aromatnyi. The highest conditional coefficient of maturation (Kv) of the tissues of the vine in the fifth internode is defined in the varieties Aromatnyi and Kyshmysh tairovskyi (0.90), the mean in the variety Kardyshakh (0.88), and the lowest in the variety Kometa (0.56). Based on the data obtained from the results of complex studies, it was found that the varieties Aromatnyi, Kyshmysh tairovskyi and Kardyshakh are the most prepared for wintering in the northern part of the Forest-steppe.

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