scholarly journals A landscape of micronutrient status in women through the reproductive years: Insights from seven regions in Asia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 174550652097311
Author(s):  
Mary Foong-Fong Chong ◽  
Chi Thuong Bui ◽  
Unnop Jaisamrarn ◽  
Debby Pacquing-Songco ◽  
Steven W. Shaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
The Philippines ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Health Consequences ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
The Public ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Nutrition Monitoring ◽  
Folate And Vitamin B12

Optimal micronutrient status is critical to the health of women, particularly during their reproductive years. A woman’s health and nutritional status during the preconception stage thus has significant implications for pregnancy outcomes and her offspring’s health later in life. In this review, we evaluated micronutrient intakes and status (iron, folate, and vitamin B12) of women in their reproductive years and during pregnancy, along with associated health consequences and dietary causes, across seven regions in Asia, namely, Hong Kong, Indonesia, the Philippines, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam. A structured literature search, targeting peer-reviewed publication databases, as well as data from international and national sources in the public domain, was conducted. Our review of the nutritional landscape demonstrates that micronutrient deficiency–related conditions, especially anemia and its associated health consequences, are common among Asian women of reproductive age, yet the dietary causes are poorly studied. Inadequate or borderline dietary intake of micronutrients and low consumption of micronutrient supplements were evident, despite existing recommendations, food fortification, and supplementation strategies. Evaluation of current programs through nutrition monitoring and improvement of supplementation strategies, such as supplementing with multiple micronutrients, alongside food-based programs, will help better support the health of women through their reproductive years.

Government-Industry Partnership in Weekly Iron-Folic Acid Supplementation for Women of Reproductive Age in the Philippines: Impact on Iron Status

2005 ◽  
Vol 63 (12) ◽  
pp. 116-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imelda Angeles-Agdeppa ◽  
Lourdes S. Paulino ◽  
Adelisa C. Ramos ◽  
Unita Marie Etorma ◽  
Tommaso Cavalli-Sforza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Iron Status ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Acid Supplementation ◽  
Iron Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
Iron Folic Acid

scholarly journals Intraindividual double burden of overweight or obesity and micronutrient deficiencies or anemia among women of reproductive age in 17 population-based surveys

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 468S-477S ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne M Williams ◽  
Junjie Guo ◽  
O Yaw Addo ◽  
Sanober Ismaily ◽  
Sorrel M L Namaste ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Based ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
High Income ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Double Burden ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Background Rising prevalence of overweight/obesity (OWOB) alongside persistent micronutrient deficiencies suggests many women face concomitant OWOB and undernutrition. Objectives We aimed to 1) describe the prevalence of the double burden of malnutrition (DBM) among nonpregnant women of reproductive age, defined as intraindividual OWOB and either ≥1 micronutrient deficiency [micronutrient deficiency index (MDI) > 0; DBM-MDI] or anemia (DBM-anemia); 2) test whether the components of the DBM were independent; and 3) identify factors associated with DBM-MDI and DBM-anemia. Methods With data from 17 national surveys spanning low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and high-income countries from the Biomarkers Reflecting Inflammation and Nutritional Determinants of Anemia project (n = 419 to n = 9029), we tested independence of over- and undernutrition using the Rao–Scott chi-square test and examined predictors of the DBM and its components using logistic regression for each survey. Results Median DBM-MDI was 21.9% (range: 1.6%–39.2%); median DBM-anemia was 8.6% (range: 1.0%–18.6%). OWOB and micronutrient deficiencies or anemia were independent in most surveys. Where associations existed, OWOB was negatively associated with micronutrient deficiencies and anemia in LMICs. In 1 high-income country, OWOB women were more likely to experience micronutrient deficiencies and anemia. Age was consistently positively associated with OWOB and the DBM, whereas the associations with other sociodemographic characteristics varied. Higher socioeconomic status tended to be positively associated with OWOB and the DBM in LMICs, whereas in higher-income countries the association was reversed. Conclusions The independence of OWOB and micronutrient deficiencies or anemia within individuals suggests that these forms of over- and undernutrition may have unique etiologies. Decision-makers should still consider the prevalence, consequences, and etiology of the individual components of the DBM as programs move towards double-duty interventions aimed at addressing OWOB and undernutrition simultaneously.

scholarly journals Micronutrient Status and Dietary Diversity of Women of Reproductive Age in Rural Pakistan

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 3407
Author(s):  
Anna K. M. Brazier ◽  
Nicola M. Lowe ◽  
Mukhtiar Zaman ◽  
Babar Shahzad ◽  
Heather Ohly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Zinc Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Plasma Zinc ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Rural Pakistan ◽  
Micronutrient Status ◽  
Iron Deficient

Consuming a diverse diet is essential to ensure an adequate intake of micronutrients. The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional status and dietary diversity of women of reproductive age (WRA) living in a marginalized community in rural Pakistan. Forty-seven WRA (35 ± 7 years old) who were not pregnant or lactating at enrollment, were recruited to participate in the study. Twenty-four-hour dietary recall interviews were conducted by the study nutritionist, and the data collected were used to create a minimum dietary diversity for women score (MDD-W) on five occasions during the monsoon and winter seasons (October to February). Nutritional status was assessed using anthropometry and biochemical markers of micronutrient status. Height and weight were used to determine body mass index (BMI), and mid-upper-arm circumference was measured. Plasma zinc, iron, and selenium concentrations were measured using inductively coupled mass spectrometry, and iron status was assessed using serum ferritin and blood hemoglobin concentrations. The mean (±SD) food group diversity score was 4 ± 1 with between 26% and 41% of participants achieving an MDD-W of 5. BMI was 27.2 ± 5.5 kg/m2 with 28% obese, 34% overweight, and 6% underweight. The prevalence of zinc deficiency, based on plasma zinc concentration, was 29.8%; 17% of the participants had low plasma selenium levels; 8.5% were iron deficient; and 2% were suffering from iron deficiency anemia. The findings indicate that the women living in this community consume a diet that has a low diversity, consistent with a diet low in micronutrients, and that zinc deficiency is prevalent. Public health interventions aimed at increasing the dietary diversity of WRA are needed to improve the micronutrient intake, particularly of zinc, in this population.

Driving Policy Change to Improve Micronutrient Status in Women of Reproductive Age and Children in Southeast Asia: The SMILING Project

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
pp. 79-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Berger ◽  
Nanna Roos ◽  
Valérie Greffeuille ◽  
Marjoleine Dijkhuizen ◽  
Frank Wieringa
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Policy Change ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Micronutrient Status

scholarly journals The Impact of Double-Fortified Salt Delivered Through the Public Distribution System on Iodine Status in Women of Reproductive Age in Rural India

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ujwala Godbole ◽  
Mahesh Basantani ◽  
Subhash Yadav ◽  
Nachiket Godbole ◽  
Sukhanshi Khandpur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Distribution System

ABSTRACT Background Double-fortified salt (DFS) with iron and iodine has been demonstrated to be efficacious but questions of unintended effects on the gains in salt iodization remain. The main cross-sectional study based on the use of DFS over 1 y showed a reduction in iron deficiency risk. Whether the programs and the levels of added iron can adversely affect iodine status is yet to be established. Objectives We hypothesized that the addition of iron to iodized salt can adversely affect iodine status in women of reproductive age (WRA). Methods A cross-sectional substudy was conducted in 4 matched-pair adjacent districts of rural Uttar Pradesh, India, in 2019. Under the public distribution system (PDS), DFS was available for 1 y through Fair Price Shops, in the 2 DFS supply districts (DFS-SDs). In these districts, iodized salt was also available in the market. In the 2 compared DFS nonsupply districts (DFS-NSDs), only iodized salt was available. In the substudy, participants included WRA (n = 1624) residing in rural areas of the selected districts. Iodine content in urine and salt samples was measured in each of the groups. Results Significantly fewer women from the DFS-SDs had median urinary iodine concentration values indicative of moderate to mild iodine deficiency compared with the women from the DFS-NSDs. The salt purchase pattern and iodine content revealed that significantly fewer (21.99%) households in the DFS-SDs were purchasing inadequately iodized crystal salt, compared with 36.04% households in the DFS-NSDs. Conclusions The data reject the working hypothesis and suggest a beneficial effect of the DFS program on the iodine status in WRA, thereby supporting a recommendation of DFS supply through the PDS.

scholarly journals Identifying Challenges to Quality in Preconception Health Care among Women of Reproductive Age in Lipa City, Batangas

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmencita D. Padilla ◽  
Aster D. Lynn Sur ◽  
Katrina D. Villarante ◽  
Howell D. Crisostomo ◽  
Ariel G. Lescano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Teenage Pregnancy ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Preconception Health ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Dynamic Feedback ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Social Risks

Background. Preconception care is a set of interventions that aim to identify and modify biomedical, behavioral, and social risks to a woman’s health or pregnancy outcome through prevention and management. These interventions emphasize factors that must be addressed before conception or early in pregnancy in order to have maximal impact. Preconception health care is a key intervention in improving maternal and neonatal health care. Identification of specific needs of population-at-risk remains crucial in developing quality preconception health care programs in the Philippines.Objectives. This paper: 1) described the preconception health status of women of reproductive age in selected communities in Lipa City Batangas; 2) identified the perceived preconception needs of women of reproductive age in selected communities; 3) determined the significant challenges to the provision of appropriate preconception health care; and 4) provided recommendations to address the gaps and challenges.Methods. A total of 4,357 women of reproductive age were interviewed using a preconception checklist tool previously developed by researchers from Peking University (China), American University of Beirut (Lebanon), and University of the Philippines Manila (Philippines). Eleven Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) on various aspects of preconception health care were conducted among women of reproductive age from communities and workplaces (industries/factories, government offices, schools, entertainment centers, health centers). Thematic analyses of the data from the FGDs were performed. Recommendations for overcoming identified challenges to quality services were presented.Results. There are salient gaps in preconception health care, particularly in micronutrient intake, immunization status, family planning and infectious diseases screening in both urban and rural communities. The study also showed major gaps in medical and educational services, particularly for adolescents.Conclusion. Health and social challenges in thepreconception health care delivery system for women of reproductive age in Lipa City Batangas were identified, including the prioritization of at-risk groups and development of strategies to address preconception health care gaps in both urban and rural settings. The alarming increasing rate of teenage pregnancy must be given highest priority with integration of safe and healthy pregnancy in the curriculum. The development of programs for men and women recognizes that parenthood is a partnership. To guarantee a successful program on preconception health care services, government must utilize an inter-sectoral and interdisciplinary approach with the participation of various stakeholders and sectors, both government and private. The engagement of women of reproductive age in planning provides a dynamic feedback for the relevance of the planned programs.

scholarly journals DIETARY DIVERSITY AMONG WOMEN IN THE REPRODUCTIVE AGE GROUP IN URBAN FIELD PRACTICE AREA, VIMSAR, BURLA

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dr. Smita Kumari Panda ◽  
Dr. Kulwant Lakra ◽  
Dr. Sadhu Charan Panda
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Diversity ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiency ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Field Practice ◽  
Minimum Dietary Diversity

One of the problems among Women of Reproductive Age (WRA) group has been lack of effective programs whose benefits are not reaching WRA group. Another problem is the prevalence of monotonous diet based on starchy staple food, which lacks essential micronutrients and contribute to the burden of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency. The objectives of the study was to assess household dietary diversity and nutritional status of non-pregnant non-lactating women of reproductive age in urban field practice area in Burla as a way of comparing food security situation. It was a cross sectional study. Data were collected from urban field practice area in Burla and were analysed to assess the dietary diversity among “women of reproductive age (WRA)” group. One third (about 29%) of them was malnourished. On application of logistic regression, those aged ≥25years had better odds of having Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD) score of 5 and above (OR=1.777). Subjects with BMI range ≥21.5 Kg/mt2 also had better odds of having MDD score of 5 and above (OR=3.371). Women of reproductive age are nutritionally more vulnerable because of pregnancy, lactation and menstruation requiring nutrient dense quality food. Monotonous diet based on starchy staple lacks essential micronutrients and contribute to the burden of malnutrition and micronutrient deficiency. Intake of diverse diet is a cost effective strategy to overcome this problem. From our survey we conclude that more than half of WRA failed to achieve MDD. Based on findings, Information Education and Communication (IEC) activities are recommended with an emphasis on locally available, low-cost nutrition diet. Keywords: Minimum Dietary Diversity, Women of Reproductive Age, Micronutrients

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