Alienated and disaffected students: Exploring the civic capacity of ‘Outsiders’ in Latin America

2019 ◽  
pp. 174619791988687
Author(s):  
Xiaoxue Kuang ◽  
Kerry J Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Home Literacy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Civic Capacity ◽  
Democratic Development ◽  
Civic Attitudes ◽  
Civic Values

The aim of the study is to explore alienated and disaffected students in Latin America and investigate the development of their civic attitudes. The study has focused on a context that is assuming growing importance globally and about which more needs to be known, especially in terms of its potential for democratic development. The focus is on students from Chile, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, and Mexico. Three distinct groups of students were identified labeled ‘Outsiders’, ‘Moderates’, and ‘Active Participators’. The ‘Outsiders’ had lowest scores on all civic values. Gender, parents’ political and social interest, students’ expected education level and home literacy were the four most important predictors for membership in the ‘Outsider’ group. Implications and future directions for research on Latin American ‘Outsiders’ are discussed.

scholarly journals P749 Epidemiological and clinical characterisation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Latin America and the Caribbean: The EPI-LATAM IBD study from the Pan American Crohn’s colitis organisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S599-S600 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Yamamoto-Furusho ◽  
N N Parra-Holguín ◽  
E Grupo-Colombiano ◽  
F Bosques-Padilla ◽  
G Veitia-Velásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Steroid Resistance ◽  
Extraintestinal Manifestations ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently recognised as a global health problem, since its incidence and prevalence have increased significantly worldwide in recent years. Studies in Latin America are only limited to reporting incidence and prevalence, so our main objective is to report the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of IBD in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Methods This is a multicentre cohort study in which 8 Latin American and Caribbean countries were included: Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela during the period from August 2017 to October 2019. Two study groups were conducted by geographic region due to their ethnicity, Group 1) Caribbean: Cuba, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic, Group 2) Latin America: Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela and Peru. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical programme SPSS v.24. A value of p <0.05 was taken as significant. Results This study included a total of 4216 IBD patients from 8 countries. The CD was more frequent than UC in the following countries: Puerto Rico with 68.5%, Dominican Republic 56.3% and Peru with 53.1%, while in the rest of the countries the frequency of UC predominated, in Colombia by 79.2%, Venezuela in 78.4%, Cuba in 69.9% and Mexico in 75.8%. The Caribbean countries had a significantly higher frequency in the fistulising phenotype in CD with 65.1% (p = 0.0001), steroid dependence in 11.51% (pp = 0.002), steroid resistance in 28.5% (pp = 0.0001), thiopurine intolerance in 1.40% (p = 0.0002), extraintestinal manifestations in 55.91% (p = 0.0001), IBD surgeries in 32.10% (p = 0.0001) and family history of IBD reported a frequency of 15.60% (p = 0.0001). For Latin America, the frequency of pancolitis was more frequent in 48.21% (p = 0001) in patients with UC. The factors associated with the use of biological therapy were: fistulising phenotype in CD, steroid resistance, thiopurine intolerance, presence of extraintestinal manifestations and IBD-related surgeries. There is an increased frequency in the diagnosis of IBD in the last two decades (2000–2019), being 7.5 times for UC and 12.5 times for CD as show in Figure 1. Conclusion This is the first large and multicentre study in Latin America and the Caribbean which showed significant increase in the diagnosis of IBD in the last two decades as well as the differences in clinical and epidemiological characteristics between both regions.

The Development of Accion Democratica de Venezuela

1959 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry Kantor
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Past History ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Other ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

The election of Rómulo Betancourt as constitutional President of Venezuela for the 1959-1964 term marks a turning point in that country's political evolution and a high point in the tide of reform now sweeping Latin American toward stable constitutional government. The new president of Venezuela and the party he leads, Acción Democrática, represent the same type of reformist movement as those now flourishing in many other countries of Latin America. As a result, dictatorship in the spring of 1959 is confined to the Dominican Republic, Nicaragua, and Paraguay. The situation in Haiti is unclear, but in the other sixteen republics the governments are controlled by parties and leaders which are to a greater or lesser degree trying to get away from the past and seem to have the support of their populations in their efforts. This marks a great change from most of the past history of the Latin American Republics in which the population was ruled by dictatorial cliques dedicated to the preservation of a status quo which meant the perpetuation of poverty and backwardness for most of the Latin Americans.

scholarly journals Characterization and perspectives on studies of subterranean invertebrate communities in Latin America

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamires Zepon ◽  
Maria Elina Bichuette
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Ecological Approach ◽  
Scientific Journals ◽  
Ecological Studies ◽  
Latin America Countries ◽  
Brazilian Studies

Studies about subterranean fauna in Latin America were intensified in the last decades. Many research are species description, but other knowledge areas have been studied, such as subterranean invertebrates communities. This study aims to characterize studies about these communities in Latin America countries. We made a bibliographic survey of published papers in scientific journals and bulletins of speleology groups, and different aspects were verified, like localities (country), publish date, number of sampled caves, use of tests and statistical analyzes and sample effort. Of the 20 Latin America countries, we not found those studies for ten (10) of them (Bolivia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Dominican Republic, and Uruguay). We accessed a total of 164 published studies, of which the most was conducted in Brazil (69), followed by Mexico (52), Venezuela (17) and Cuba (11). In Brazil, most of studies was published in the last two decades (2000-2017), in Mexico in the 70’s, in Venezuela between 80’s and 2009 and in Cuba in 70’s and 90’s. Except for Brazil, where the most of studies explored the influence of biotic and abiotic factors in the communities, all countries published mainly faunistic inventories about only an unique cave or region. Thus, they do not present tests and statistical analysis and, sometimes, neither ecological discussion. Moreover, many publications do not have information about number of sample occasions and most of Brazilian studies did only one sample occasion. That makes it harder both the ecological approach that permits the verification of patterns that acts in the communities structuring and the comparison of data from different regions. Therefore, although the knowledge of subterranean invertebrates communities has increased, the Latin American has a huge potential to be explored in relation to areas with few or no studies, and to more consistent ecological studies.

Sport in Latin America

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brenda Elsey
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Racial Diversity ◽  
South American ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Racial Hierarchies ◽  
Generally True

Sport forms existed in Latin American in the pre-Columbian period. European empires adopted and modified indigenous cultural activities while introducing new sports. Sport development was not homogenous as local conditions and specific colonial and commercial interests shaped sport’s growth. Despite these disparate patterns of development, it is generally true that the rise in nationalism facilitated the diffusion of sport in Latin America, as local associations formed in response to invitations sent by sportsmen from abroad-seeking competitors. Football enjoyed the most expansive growth in South American, while baseball grew in the Caribbean in Cuba and the Dominican Republic. Women’s access to sport has been a persistent issue in Latin America. The racial diversity of the region also has created an ongoing negotiation of racial hierarchies in sport. Sport in Latin American serves as an arena where participants perform citizenship and create understandings of civil rights.

History of Neuropsychology in Latin America

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Arango Lasprilla ◽  
Laiene Olabarrieta-Landa ◽  
Isabel Gonzalez ◽  
Giselle Leal ◽  
José Enrique Álvarez Alcántara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Armed Conflicts ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
History Of ◽  
Main Activity ◽  
Second World

This chapter presents the history of neuropsychology in Latin America during five main periods. Prior to 1950, the term “neuropsychology” was rarely used. The development of this specialty in Latin America did not take place until the second half of the 20th century, centered primarily in Argentina and Uruguay. Historically, the development of neuropsychology has been slowed down by local wars, armed conflicts, and dictatorships. During the Second World War, intellectuals and scientists in neuroscience emigrated to Latin America and helped to advance the field. The period between 1970 and 1999 was mainly characterized by the evolution of neuropsychology in Colombia and Mexico and by the influence of the United States in Latin American neuropsychology. From 2000 until 2017, neuropsychology experienced a rapid growth, including establishment of graduate programs, societies, clinics/centers, Latin American scientific journals, and research publications, as well as the creation of Spanish language neuropsychological tests. As of 2018, most professionals in neuropsychology in Latin America work in private practices or universities, and their main activity is assessment and diagnosis of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders, although they also engage in rehabilitation and teaching activities. Due to the lack of written records, there is scarce information regarding the history and current state of neuropsychology in some Latin American countries, including Belize, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic. Current barriers to the advancement of the field and future directions to improve the current situation are described.

Latin American Archivology, 1953–1954

1955 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roscoe R. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Great Problem ◽  
Cultural Centers ◽  
Outstanding Feature ◽  
New Buildings

This survey of Latin American archivology is for the year 1954, together with some information regarding 1953, which was not included in “Latin American Archivology, 1951–1953” (see below).The outstanding feature of this period is the attention which is being given throughout Latin America to the improvement of the housing of the archives, which has been a great problem for many years. During 1954 Ecuador and the Dominican Republic dedicated and occupied new buildings especially constructed for their archives, which embody all features necessary for adequate services. In Guatemala construction of a new building was continued. Projects and plans for appropriate buildings were considered in Haiti and Mexico. Extensive remodeling and improvements were effected in Brazil and Paraguay. These activities have served to place the archives in a much better position to carry on the tasks appropriate to these important cultural centers.Consideration was also given to equipping the new buildings as well as some of the old ones with photographic laboratories, including microfilm and photostat, and with equipment for lamination and binding. Some concrete results were accomplished in these matters, but mostly it was projects under consideration, awaiting funds for the execution.

Dominican Baseball and Latin American Pluralism, 1969–1974

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
April Yoder
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Central American ◽  
Sporting Events ◽  
Economic Policies ◽  
Third Way ◽  
World Series ◽  
The U.S

Record-setting Dominican attendance at the championship game of the 1969 Amateur Baseball World Series attested to the local and international stakes in the competition between the United States and Cuba. Both teams reached the final game of the round-robin tournament, having defeated all nine of the opposing teams representing nations and government systems as varied as Nicaragua’s rightest dictatorship, the Dutch Antilles’ constitutional commonwealth, and Venezuela’s guerrilla-threatened democracy. Dominican sportswriters described the game as a competition between two opposing government systems and two conflicting sporting systems: the decentralized, largely privatized U.S. system that used amateur ball as a stepping stone to professionalism and the Cuban system that developed state amateurs who educated themselves, worked, and played ball in the service of the nation. The meeting between the U.S. and Cuban teams in the Dominican Republic suggested that the systems might coexist at a time when the Dominican government headed by President Joaquín Balaguer began to experiment with new models for political and economic development. Balaguer used the domestic openness and conciliatory attitude toward Cuba to legitimate controversial economic policies and submerge political discontent through national projects around international events like the Amateur World Series in 1969 and the XII Central American and Caribbean Games in 1974. With the international stage provided by the sporting events, Balaguer offered his Third Way as a model for Latin America. This local pluralism, though brief and perhaps disingenuous, allowed Balaguer to project himself and the Dominican Republic as leaders in a movement for Latin America solidarity built on pluralism and respect for sovereignty.

Migration vs. development? The case of poverty and inequality in Mexico

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustín Escobar Latapi
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Inequality Index ◽  
Poverty And Inequality ◽  
And Migration

Although the migration – development nexus is widely recognized as a complex one, it is generally thought that there is a relationship between poverty and emigration, and that remittances lessen inequality. On the basis of Latin American and Mexican data, this chapter intends to show that for Mexico, the exchange of migrants for remittances is among the lowest in Latin America, that extreme poor Mexicans don't migrate although the moderately poor do, that remittances have a small, non-significant impact on the most widely used inequality index of all households and a very large one on the inequality index of remittance-receiving households, and finally that, to Mexican households, the opportunity cost of international migration is higher than remittance income. In summary, there is a relationship between poverty and migration (and vice versa), but this relationship is far from linear, and in some respects may be a perverse one for Mexico and for Mexican households.

Palestinian Diaspora Communities in Latin America and Palestinian Statehood

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-120
Author(s):  
Yousef M. Aljamal ◽  
Philipp O. Amour
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
South America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Economic Life ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
The Political ◽  
Middle Classes ◽  
Latin Americans ◽  
Political Views ◽  
The Right

There are some 700,000 Latin Americans of Palestinian origin, living in fourteen countries of South America. In particular, Palestinian diaspora communities have a considerable presence in Chile, Honduras, and El Salvador. Many members of these communities belong to the professional middle classes, a situation which enables them to play a prominent role in the political and economic life of their countries. The article explores the evolving attitudes of Latin American Palestinians towards the issue of Palestinian statehood. It shows the growing involvement of these communities in Palestinian affairs and their contribution in recent years towards the wide recognition of Palestinian rights — including the right to self-determination and statehood — in Latin America. But the political views of members of these communities also differ considerably about the form and substance of a Palestinian statehood and on the issue of a two-states versus one-state solution.

Sorting Out the Mixed Economy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy C. Offner
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
New Deal ◽  
The United States ◽  
Business Associations ◽  
Welfare Programs ◽  
The Road ◽  
Social Welfare Programs ◽  
The Third World ◽  
The New Deal

In the years after 1945, a flood of U.S. advisors swept into Latin America with dreams of building a new economic order and lifting the Third World out of poverty. These businessmen, economists, community workers, and architects went south with the gospel of the New Deal on their lips, but Latin American realities soon revealed unexpected possibilities within the New Deal itself. In Colombia, Latin Americans and U.S. advisors ended up decentralizing the state, privatizing public functions, and launching austere social welfare programs. By the 1960s, they had remade the country's housing projects, river valleys, and universities. They had also generated new lessons for the United States itself. When the Johnson administration launched the War on Poverty, U.S. social movements, business associations, and government agencies all promised to repatriate the lessons of development, and they did so by multiplying the uses of austerity and for-profit contracting within their own welfare state. A decade later, ascendant right-wing movements seeking to dismantle the midcentury state did not need to reach for entirely new ideas: they redeployed policies already at hand. This book brings readers to Colombia and back, showing the entanglement of American societies and the contradictory promises of midcentury statebuilding. The untold story of how the road from the New Deal to the Great Society ran through Latin America, the book also offers a surprising new account of the origins of neoliberalism.

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