From echo chambers to ‘idea chambers’: Concurrent online interactions with similar and dissimilar others

2021 ◽  
pp. 174804852199248
Author(s):  
Justin D Martin ◽  
George Anghelcev ◽  
Noor Abunabaa ◽  
Fouad Hassan ◽  
Sarah Shaath
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Conventional Theory ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Item Scale

Countering conventional theory, this study found that online homophily and heterophily—connectivity with both similar and dissimilar others—are not necessarily countervailing phenomena, among representative surveys of internet users from five Arab countries: Saudi Arabia, Tunisia, Lebanon, Qatar, and UAE ( N = 4,198). Respondents who said the Internet has increased their contact with politically and religiously similar people also tended to say it increased their contact with politically and religiously dissimilar people. A four-item scale measuring online political and religious homophily and heterophily was reliable (a = .754 overall; .79 among Arab nationals), and is referred to in this article as an ‘idea chamber’ index. Confirmatory Factor Analysis and inter-item correlations of scale items are two additional tests that affirm the internal consistency of the measure. Implications for research on digital communication are discussed.

Internet Lifestyle of Iranian Users

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Abedini Koshksaray ◽  
Tayebeh Farahani
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Construct Validity ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Internet ◽  
High Effectiveness ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
The Mean

One distinguishing factor of individuals is their lifestyles. In the internet, every individual shows a different behavior while some groups have rather similar behaviors. By identifying these groups and their interests and preferences, it becomes possible to offer a product or advertising which is compatible with their wants. This leads to conveying the value presented by the producer to the consumer with high effectiveness. One source of identifying target customers or internet users is their lifestyle in internet space. The present study aims at describing and explaining internet lifestyle (e-lifestyle) of Iranian users. In particular, this study tries to find out the most common e-lifestyle of Iranian users. To this aim, 412 students involved with internet were surveyed. After estimating the construct validity of the study through confirmatory factor analysis, the mean scores of each e-lifestyle were compared by student t-test. The results revealed that Iranian users have mostly entertainment-driven e-lifestyles. The perceived importance-driven, sociability-driven, interest-driven, novelty-driven, need-driven, and uninterested or concern-driven e-lifestyles were respectively identified after that. This is the first study investigating the most common e-lifestyle among Internet users.

scholarly journals Psychometric evaluation of the Arabic version of the patient-centered communication instrument for adult cancer patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukhlid Alshammari ◽  
Jed Duff ◽  
Michelle Guilhermino
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Psychometric Evaluation ◽  
Arab Countries ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Patient Centered ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Abstract Background This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Arabic version of the patient-centered communication instrument. Methods A self-administered instrument was used over 4 months by 318 participants living with cancer in Saudi Arabia. The instrument contained 36 items assessing patient-centered communication (PCC-36) experiences. The PCC-36 instrument was translated into Arabic following the World Health Organization guidelines for translating instruments before undergoing psychometric evaluation. This involved confirmatory factor analysis for each of the PCC-36 functions and testing the reliability and internal consistency of the PCC-36 measures. Results The Arabic-translated PCC-36 version demonstrated a good correlation between items, with confirmatory factor analysis showing a good fit of the data (comparative fit index = 0.922, Tucker–Lewis index = 0.910, root mean square error approximation = 0.059, ${\chi ^2}$ = 1214.4, df = 579, P < 0.001). Internal consistency of the total six PCC-36 functions was confirmed by a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.97. Conclusions The study proved that the PCC-36 Arabic version is a valid and reliable instrument for the measurement of patient communication experiences in cancer care in Saudi Arabia, with similar properties to the original, and that this instrument may be used in 22 different Arab countries to measure and improve cancer patients’ communication experiences.

Design and Validation of the Brief Self Online Scale (SO-8) in Early Adolescence: An Exploratory Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 027243162097853
Author(s):  
J. Ortega-Barón ◽  
J. M. Machimbarrena ◽  
I. Montiel ◽  
S. Buelga ◽  
A. Basterra-González ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Problematic Internet Use ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Correlated Factors ◽  
Age Range

For the Z-Generation, the Internet has become a very important experimentation laboratory for the discovery and validation of their identity. Despite the importance of the process of building the self in the adolescent, there are hardly any validated instruments that measure the self online. The aim of this research was to design and validate the Brief Self Online Scale (SO-8). A total of 843 students (384 boys, 45.6%), with an age range of 10 to 14 years participated. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) confirmed the hypothesized model of two correlated factors (Online Self-Perception and Online Idealized Projection), previously obtained through exploratory factor analysis (EFA). The reliability coefficients of Self Online dimensions were adequate. Indicators of convergent validity were obtained, finding significant correlations with self-concept, problematic Internet use, and online emotional intelligence. The SO-8 has adequate psychometric properties to be considered a reliable and valid tool to measure the construct of the Self Online in adolescents.

scholarly journals The Discrepancies Between Individual-Set and Parent-Set Career Goals Scale: Development and Initial Validation

2020 ◽  
pp. 089484532090179
Author(s):  
Dian R. Sawitri ◽  
Peter A. Creed ◽  
Mirwan S. Perdhana
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Career Goals ◽  
Underlying Structure ◽  
First Year ◽  
Factor Analyses ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analyses ◽  
Research And Practice ◽  
Initial Validation ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Item Scale

As there was no existing, psychometrically sound scale that directly assessed the discrepancies that young people experience between individual-set career goals and parent-set career goals, we developed and provided initial validation for a 15-item scale for use with young adults. In Study 1, items were developed, reviewed by experts, and administered to a sample of first year, undergraduate Indonesian students ( N = 426, M age = 18.42 years). We used exploratory factor analysis to reduce the number of items and assess the factor structure and used confirmatory factor analyses on a holdout sample to assess this underlying structure. We then provided evidence for construct validity. Recommendations for use in research and practice are discussed.

Validation of a digital intelligence quotient questionnaire for employee of small and medium-sized Thai enterprises using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis

Kybernetes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1465-1483
Author(s):  
Khahan Na-Nan ◽  
Theerawat Roopleam ◽  
Natthaya Wongsuwan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Emotional Intelligence ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Intelligence Quotient ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
Digital Identity ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Rights ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a digital intelligence quotient (DIQ) scale questionnaire that encompasses the digital identity, digital use, digital safety, digital security, digital emotional intelligence, digital communication, digital literacy and digital rights. Design/methodology/approach DIQ research was conducted in two phases to develop an assessment scale. First, 33 questions were developed based on previous DIQ concepts and theories. These questions were then validated using exploratory factor analysis into eight dimensions as digital identity, digital use, digital safety, digital security, digital emotional intelligence, digital communication, digital literacy and digital rights. A survey was conducted comprising 409 admins and clerks in SMEs. Second, confirmatory factor analysis and convergent validity were tested along the eight digital dimensions. Findings This study extended the DIQ concept to provide theoretical contribution for DIQ with intelligence study. Eight dimensions were developed to measure DIQ, including aspects of digital identity, digital use, digital safety, digital security, digital emotional intelligence, digital communication, digital literacy and digital rights. Research limitations/implications The DIQ questionnaire was a single-source, self-assessed data collection, as the sample included only employees of SMEs in Thailand. Results showed a good fit but require further refinement and validation using a larger sample size and various supplementary sampling contexts. Practical implications The eight DIQ dimensions and questionnaire results will assist organisations and supervisors to focus on employees’ DIQ using both work and lifestyle parameters. This knowledge will help supervisors to encourage employees to increase their DIQ for more effective usage of digital literacy. Researchers and academics will be able to apply this instrument in future studies. Originality/value The DIQ questionnaire is a new instrument which comprehensively explores relevant dimensions to increase employee understanding of digital identity, digital use, digital safety, digital security, digital emotional intelligence, digital communication, digital literacy and digital rights.

Students Seeking Health-related Information over Internet

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Asad Ahmad ◽  
Mohammed Naved Khan
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Technology Acceptance ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Behavioural Intention ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Related Information ◽  
College Going ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Acceptance Model

The use of Internet to search information related to health has become a common phenomenon. This article investigates the seeking of health-related information of the college going students over the Internet. The researchers have tested the technology acceptance model (TAM) to determine the behavioural intention of the students to seek health-related information over the Internet. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the students who were involved in Internet use. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) were applied to the responded data. The results showed that it is the perceived usefulness (PU) which has a direct impact on the behavioural intention of the Internet users to search health-related information over the Internet.

scholarly journals Worries of Pregnant Women: Testing the Farsi Cambridge Worry Scale

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Forough Mortazavi ◽  
Arash Akaberi
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Valid Instrument ◽  
Many Sources ◽  
Item Scale

Pregnancy adds many sources of concerns to women’s daily life worries. Excessive worry can affect maternal physiological and psychological state that influences the pregnancy outcomes. The aim of this study was to validate the Cambridge Worry Scale (CWS) in a sample of Iranian pregnant women. After translation of the CWS, ten experts evaluated the items and added six items to the 17-item scale. In a descriptive cross-sectional study, 405 of pregnant women booked for prenatal care completed the Farsi CWS. We split the sample randomly. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted on the first half of the sample to disclose the factorial structure of the 23-item scale. The results of the EFA on the Farsi CWS indicated four factors altogether explained 51.5% of variances. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was done on the second half of the sample. The results of the CFA showed that the model fit our data (chi-square/df = 2.02, RMSEA = 0.071, SRMR = 0.071, CFI = 0.95, and NNFI = 0.94). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for the Farsi CWS was 0.883. The Farsi CWS is a reliable and valid instrument for understanding common pregnancy worries in the third trimester of pregnancy in Iranian women.

scholarly journals FACTOR ANALYSIS OF PERSONAL BRANDING FORMING OF PSSI FORMER GENERAL PERSON EDY RAHMAYADI

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Fibriyani Nur Aliya
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Mass Media ◽  
News Coverage ◽  
Public Image ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
The Internet ◽  
The Third ◽  
Internet Users ◽  
Personal Branding

Abstrak. Personal branding seorang eksekutif merupakan proses menjaga identitas, reputasi, dan citra publik seseorang. Mantan Ketua Umum PSSI, Edy Rahmayadi, menerima petisi online yang memaksanya mundur. Petisi online tersebut dipicu oleh maraknya pemberitaan di media massa dan media sosial. Meme kontroversial yang dibuat oleh Edy menanggapi pertanyaan jurnalis dibuat dan disebarluaskan di internet. Diketahui bahwa pengguna internet didominasi oleh pengguna internet. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor personal branding Edy Rahmayadi dalam pandangan kaum milenial sebagai pengguna internet dan media sosial terbesar. Variabel origin yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. adalah Authentic Personal Branding variable. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan empat faktor baru terbentuk, yaitu Mampu menjelaskan sebelas faktor asal dan faktor personal branding pembentuk Edy Rahmayadi, Faktor pertama adalah Faktor Keunggulan, faktor kedua adalah Faktor Inovasi, Faktor ketiga adalah Faktor Pakar, dan Faktor keempat adalah Keunikan. Faktor yang menjelaskan variabel asal adalah faktor keunggulan.Abstract. An executive's personal branding is the process of maintaining one's identity, reputation and public image. Former PSSI Chairperson, Edy Rahmayadi, received an online petition that forced him to resign. This is happened when he handled the crisis that occurred in the PSSI organization. The online petition was triggered by the rise of news coverage on him in the mass media and social media. The controversial memes made by Edy in response to journalists' questions were made and disseminated on the internet. It is known that internet users are dominated by millennial generation, where this is directly proportional to social media users. Based on this, this study aims to analyze Edy Rahmayadi's personal branding factors in the view of millennials, as the biggest internet and social media user. The origin variable uses in this study is the Authentic Personal Branding variables. The results shows four new factors formed, which are able to explain eleven origin factors and the personal branding factors forming Edy Rahmayadi. The first factor is the Excellence Factor, the second factor is the Innovation Factor, the third Factor is the Expert Factor, and the fourth Factor is Uniqueness. The most dominant factor explaining the origin variable is the excellence factor.

scholarly journals A Confirmatory Factor Analysis of Student Engagement at the University of Hail, Saudi Arabia

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (26) ◽  
pp. 181-190
Author(s):  
Ajay Singh
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Student Engagement ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Convergent Validity ◽  
Discriminant Validity ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
The University

The research aims to examine the validity of four factors (course structure, course learning outcomes, Constructiveness of learning environment, and instructors' skills) about student engagement at the University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The research applied the Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) technique to confirm and validate the four factors. The data of the small sample size of 380 students of business administration took place for analysis. These four factors consisting of 18 variables, have considered from the existing literature for examination. The research uses a survey questionnaire to collect the students' perception of these factors to validate the four-factor model. The study uses Convergent validity and Discriminant validity to construct validity. The research finding supports the construct of four-factors to confirm the model is adequately fit. The results of the research contribute to existing literature from the perspective of the students of the University of Hail, Saudi Arabia, and other similar institutions of the country and outside world. The research also has created the scope for further improvement by adding some more factors along with variables of equal importance.

scholarly journals Establishing the HLS-M-Q18 short version of the European Health Literacy survey questionnaire for the Malaysian context

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emma Mohamad ◽  
Manimaran Krishnan Kaundan ◽  
Mohammad Rezal Hamzah ◽  
Arina Anis Azlan ◽  
Suffian Hadi Ayub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Health Literacy ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Survey Questionnaire ◽  
Confirmatory Factor ◽  
Literacy Survey ◽  
European Health ◽  
Item Scale

Abstract Background: The European Health Literacy Survey Questionnaire (HLS-EU-Q47) is becoming a widely used tool to measure health literacy (HL), including in Malaysia. There are efforts to reduce the 47-item scale to parsimonious short item scales that still reflect the assumptions and requirements of the conceptual model. This study used confirmatory factor analysis to reduce the 47-item scale to a short scale that can offer a feasible HL screening tool with sufficient psychometric properties. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on the Malaysian population based on ethnic distribution to ensure that the short version instrument reflects the country’s varied ethnicities. The survey was administered by well-trained interviewers working for the Ministry of Health Malaysia. A total of 866 responses were obtained. Data was analysed using multi-factorial confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with categorical variables. Results: The analysis resulted in a satisfactory 18-item model. There were high correlations among the 18 items. The internal consistency reliability was robust, with no floor/ceiling effects. These results represented equivalence and consistency among the responses to items, suggesting that these items were homogenous in measuring Malaysian health literacy. The strong convergent and discriminant validity of the model makes the proposed 18 items a suitable short version of the health literacy instrument for Malaysia. Conclusions: The researchers propose the 18-item instrument to be named HLS-M-Q18. This short version instrument may be used in measuring health literacy in Malaysia as it achieved robust reliability, structural validity and construct validity that fulfilled goodness-of-fit criteria.

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