scholarly journals Lonely, Poor, and Ugly? How Cultural Practices and Forms of Capital Relate to Physical Unattractiveness

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-105
Author(s):  
Christian Schneickert ◽  
Leonie C. Steckermeier ◽  
Lisa-Marie Brand
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Cultural Sociology ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Structure And Agency

Physical attractiveness is increasingly framed as a meritocratic good that involves individual benefits, such as higher wages or success in the partner market. Investing in one’s physical appearance is thereby seen as a means to increase one’s human capital. While the positive effects are well documented, its counterpart, the dark side of physical appearance, has received much less attention from social science research. This article sheds light on the negative effects of physical appearance using a theoretical framework based on the cultural sociology of Bourdieu, integrating both structure and agency perspectives. Using data from the German General Social Survey (ALLBUS) from 2014, we demonstrate that unattractiveness is socially stratified by economic, cultural, and social capital. The article highlights the relevance of cultural factors (e.g. forms of cultural capital and cultural practices) for the analysis of the interplay between physical appearance and stratification as well as the relevance of physical appearance for cultural sociology.

scholarly journals The Dark Side of the Leadership: The Effects of Toxic Leaders on Employees

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mert Kılıç ◽  
Ayşe Günsel
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Styles ◽  
Dark Side ◽  
Toxic Leadership ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Workplace Performance ◽  
Positive Leadership ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Finance Industry ◽  
Negative Leadership

Studies on leadership have been overwhelmingly focused on the positive aspects of leadership, and tried to reach certain conclusions on the positive effects of leadership in organizations. However, the dark side of leadership has been ignored. Those negative leadership styles in general, toxic leadership, in particular, may have extremely negative effects on organizations, which have the potential to overshadow the effects of positive leadership. Toxic leadership can create a decrease in workplace performance, productivity, and output, as well as its remarkable negative reflections on employees. So, examining the outputs of toxic leadership is inevitable. In this paper, we aim to examine the consequences of toxic leaders on employees by a quantitative search on the finance industry.

Looking Beyond Demographics: Panel Attrition in the ANES and GSS

2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Lazarus Frankel ◽  
D. Sunshine Hillygus
Keyword(s):  
Social Science Research ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Drop Out ◽  
Panel Surveys ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Demographic Predictors ◽  
Panel Attrition ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Data Collections

Longitudinal or panel surveys offer unique benefits for social science research, but they typically suffer from attrition, which reduces sample size and can result in biased inferences. Previous research tends to focus on the demographic predictors of attrition, conceptualizing attrition propensity as a stable, individual-level characteristic—some individuals (e.g., young, poor, residentially mobile) are more likely to drop out of a study than others. We argue that panel attrition reflects both the characteristics of the individual respondent as well as her survey experience, a factor shaped by the design and implementation features of the study. In this article, we examine and compare the predictors of panel attrition in the 2008–2009 American National Election Study, an online panel, and the 2006–2010 General Social Survey, a face-to-face panel. In both cases, survey experience variables are predictive of panel attrition above and beyond the standard demographic predictors, but the particular measures of relevance differ across the two surveys. The findings inform statistical corrections for panel attrition bias and provide study design insights for future panel data collections.

“Urban” Schooling and “Urban” Families

2016 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 431-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vivian L. Gadsden ◽  
Ezekiel J. Dixon-Román
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Urban Families ◽  
Political Rhetoric ◽  
Urban Context ◽  
Urban Schooling ◽  
Policy Practice ◽  
Spatial Dimensions ◽  
Research Scholarship

Conceptualizations of urban context and place in research, practice, and policy are relational, ranging from spatial dimensions to cultural practices of children, families, and communities in metropolitan areas. In this article, we focus on the inherent complexity of these conceptualizations and long-standing debates in education and social science research that label urban as a point of both identity and designation. We position urban context itself as a genre of thinking and imagining; challenges complicated in research, scholarship, and policy; practice and pedagogy; and public will and political rhetoric, influencing educational options and spanning issues from poverty to schooling.

scholarly journals Does the public’s confidence in the scientific community affect its willingness to participate in social science research? A test examining the demeanor of survey respondents

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 205979911988428
Author(s):  
Christopher P Scheitle
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
The Social

Research examining the consequences of the public’s confidence in the scientific community has primarily focused on the natural or medical sciences. It is not clear whether the public’s confidence in the scientific community has implications for research and practice in the social sciences. To begin examining this question, this study assesses whether survey respondents’ confidence in the scientific community is associated with their demeanor during the survey interview. This is consequential because respondent demeanor itself has been associated with survey refusal and nonresponse to items within surveys. Analysis of the 2004–2016 General Social Survey finds that individuals expressing more confidence in the scientific community are rated as having more positive demeanors by interviewers. Respondents’ confidence in other types of institutions does not show the same association, suggesting that confidence in the scientific community is uniquely associated with respondents’ demeanor during the interview. These findings suggest that the public’s confidence in science could have implications for at least survey-based social science research.

scholarly journals The current state of play of research on the social, political and legal dimensions of HIV

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-486 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Paiva ◽  
Laura Ferguson ◽  
Peter Aggleton ◽  
Purnima Mane ◽  
Angela Kelly-Hanku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
New Development ◽  
Socially Vulnerable Groups ◽  
New Research ◽  
Living With Hiv

This paper offers a critical overview of social science research presented at the 2014 International AIDS Conference in Melbourne, Australia. In an era of major biomedical advance, the political nature of HIV remains of fundamental importance. No new development can be rolled out successfully without taking into account its social and political context, and consequences. Four main themes ran throughout the conference track on social and political research, law, policy and human rights: first, the importance of work with socially vulnerable groups, now increasingly referred to as "key populations"; second, continued recognition that actions and programs need to be tailored locally and contextually; third, the need for an urgent response to a rapidly growing epidemic of HIV among young people; and fourth, the negative effects of the growing criminalization of minority sexualities and people living with HIV. Lack of stress on human rights and community participation is resulting in poorer policy globally. A new research agenda is needed to respond to these challenges.

scholarly journals Low Religion or No Religion? Improving Research with the Logic of Machine Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evan Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
General Social Survey ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Culture Wars ◽  
Selection Effects ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Political Views ◽  
Survey Measure

Social science research is interested in the growing number of Americans who express no religious affiliation on surveys, but concerns about underreporting, misreporting, and inconsistency in lived religion raises a question about our most common survey measure of nonreligious self-identification. What is the predictive validity of our current explanations for why people disaffiliate? I advance the current literature using a logistic regression model for no religious affiliation fit on eleven samples from the General Social Survey (1988-2014) to predict respondents’ affiliation in the 2016 and 2018 samples. Results show our explanations can yield a fairly accurate predictive model, but errors are important and informative. The model is more likely to misclassify religiously unaffiliated respondents as affiliated. Analysis using model estimates shows that selection effects into non-affiliation explain differences in political views on culture wars issues. These findings challenge the use of categorical measures for nonreligion alone, because they suggest that measures of “low religion,” rather than “no religion,” are more useful for researchers seeking to overcome survey measurement error in studying this group.

scholarly journals Representations of Public Sex in Crime, Media, and Popular Culture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Bell
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
News Media ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Video Recording ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Location Awareness ◽  
Public Sex

Public sex is a term used to describe various forms of sexual practice that take place in public, including cruising, cottaging (sex in public toilets), and dogging. Public sex has a long history and wide geography, especially for sexual minorities excluded from pursuing their sex lives in private, domestic spaces. Social science research has long studied public sex environments (PSEs) and analyzed the sexual cultures therein, providing a rich set of representations that continue to provide important insights today. Public sex is often legally and morally contentious, subject to regulation, rendered illicit and illegal (especially, but not exclusively, in the context of same-sex activities). Legal and policing practices therefore produce another important mode of representation, while undercover police activities utilizing surveillance techniques have depicted public sex in order to regulate it. Legal and moral regulation is frequently connected to news media coverage, and there is a rich archive of press representations of public sex that plays a significant role in constructing public sex acts as problematic. Fictionalized representations in literature, cinema, and television provide a further resource of representations, while the widespread availability of digital video technologies has also facilitated user-generated content production, notably in online pornography. The production, distribution, and consumption of representations of sex online sometimes breaches the private/public divide, as representations intended solely for private use enter the online public sphere—the cases of celebrity sex tapes, revenge porn, and sexting provide different contexts for turning private sex into public sex. Smartphones have added location awareness and mobility to practices of mediated public sex, changing its cultural practices, uses, and meanings. Film and video recording is also a central feature of surveillance techniques which have long been used to police public sex and which are increasingly omnipresent in public space. Representations as diverse as online porn, art installations, and pop videos have addressed this issue in distinctive ways.

scholarly journals Where Else Have You Been? The Effects of Diaspora Consciousness and Transcultural Mixtures on Ethnic Identity

10.28945/3037 ◽  
2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Niranjala Weerakkody
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Social Science ◽  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Census Bureau ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Migrant Groups

In social science research, the demographic categories of ethnicity are linked to what the census bureau considers as a person’s ethnic heritage. However, these categories are based on the societal assumption that members of a given category share the same characteristics and life experiences, even though the heterogeneity between members within a category may be as diverse as between categories. The paper examines the 15 interview subjects of a research study drawn from 10 minority migrant groups, where seven of them indicated significant transcultural experiences before migrating to Australia. It argues that their lived experiences and subjectivity vary from others who migrated directly from their native countries. The formers’ diaspora consciousness and transcultural mixtures may introduce an artifact to a research study’s design, affecting the validity of the data collected. The paper examines other situations where this anomaly can occur and proposes precautions to minimize its negative effects.

scholarly journals RACE AS LIVED EXPERIENCE

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 349-373 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Garcia ◽  
Gabriel R. Sanchez ◽  
Shannon Sanchez-Youngman ◽  
Edward D. Vargas ◽  
Vickie D. Ybarra
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experience ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Dominant Factor ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Multiple Measures ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Reported Health

AbstractA growing body of social science research has sought to conceptualize race as a multi-dimensional concept in which context, societal relations, and institutional dynamics are key components. Utilizing a specially-designed survey, we develop and use multiple measures of race (skin color, ascribed race, and discrimination experiences) to capture race as a “lived experience” and assess these measures’ impact on Latinos’ self-rated health status. We model these measures of race as lived experience to test the explanatory power of race, both independently and as an integrated scale, with categorical regression, scaling, and dimensional analyses. Our analyses show that our multiple measures of race have significant and negative effects on Latinos’ self-reported health. Skin color is a dominant factor that impacts self-reported health both directly and indirectly. We then advocate for the utilization of multiple measures of race, adding to those used in our analysis, and their application to research regarding inequities in other health and social outcomes. Our analysis provides important contributions to research across a wide range of health, illness, social, and political disparities for communities of color.

scholarly journals Framing Climate Services: Logics, Actors, and Implications for Policies and Projects

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1047
Author(s):  
Marine Lugen
Keyword(s):  
Social Science Research ◽  
Science Research ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Extensive Literature ◽  
Framing Analysis ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Climate Services ◽  
New Information ◽  
Information Products ◽  
Responsible Research

This paper explores how climate services are framed in the literature and possible implications for climate services’ policies and projects. By critically exploring the frames around climate services, the wider objective is to encourage more reflexive and responsible research in the field, particularly given the huge challenge that climate change represents. By using a framing analysis based on an extensive literature review, five dominant frames were identified. Climate services are mainly framed (1) as a technological innovation, (2) as a market, (3) as an interface between users and producers, (4) as a risk management tool, and (5) from an ethical angle. The predominant frames influence how we think about climate services, shared assumptions, and the way in which policies and projects are designed. To prevent negative effects of climate services on the ground, such as inequalities, the main recommendations include establishing interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary dialogues between different communities of practice and players, increasing empirical and social science research to improve our understanding of this new field, and finally, re-thinking climate services in terms of adaptation rather than as the mere production of new information products.

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