scholarly journals Prebiotic Effects of Agave salmiana Fructans in Lactobacillus acidophilus and Bifidobacterium lactis Cultures

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1501001
Author(s):  
Adriana Castro-Zavala ◽  
Bertha I. Juárez-Flores ◽  
Juan M. Pinos-Rodríguez ◽  
Rosa E. Delgado-Portales ◽  
Juan R. Aguirre-Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Density ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
In Vitro Cultures ◽  
Bifidobacterium Lactis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agave Salmiana ◽  
Dose Response Effect ◽  
Density And Biomass

Agave salmiana is a fructan rich species that is widely distributed in Mexico. The aim of this investigation was to extract the fructans of A. salmiana and evaluate their prebiotic effect in 48 hours in vitro cultures of Bifidobacterium lactis and Lactobacillus acidophilus and to compare this effect with other available fructan sources. A significant difference in pH, optical density and biomass was found in the cultures depending on the source of fructans and the type of bacteria. It was possible to determine a dose-response effect of the A. salmiana fructans and the growth of the studied strains.

The guinea pig tracheobronchial spiral strip: responses to selected agonists

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Hanna ◽  
S. H. Roth
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
Relative Order ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Response Data ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dose Dependent

The guinea pig tracheal spiral strip is a useful preparation for studying bronchoconstrictor and bronchodilator compounds. Employing a simple and rapid modification of this technique, experiments were performed in vitro to quantitate the effects of selected bronchospastic agents on guinea pig tracheobronchial smooth muscle. Three sections of the main airways were prepared from each animal: an upper tracheal, a lower tracheal, and a bronchial segment. The dose-dependent contractile responses of the three tissue segments were determined for carbachol, acetylcholine, histamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, and bradykinin, Differences were observed amongst the agonists in magnitudes of contraction, effective concentration ranges, and slopes of dose–response curves. ED25, ED50, and ED75, values were calculated from regression analysis of dose–response data. The relative order for these agents to produce maximum contractions was found to be carbachol [Formula: see text] acetylcholine > histamine > 5-hydroxytryptamine > bradykinin. Furthermore, it was found that there was no significant difference between the three tissue segments in their responses to the various agonists.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect Of Kaempferia Galanga L Extract On Lactobacillus Acidophilus –In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Josi Saraswati ◽  
Annisa Septalita ◽  
Arini Bovita. N
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Kaempferia Galanga ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Negative Controls

Introduction: Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the bacteria causes dental caries. The previous study has shown that Kaempferia galanga extract has a potential to inhibit the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus.Objective: To determine the antibacterial effect of Kaempferia galanga extract to Lactobacillus acidophilus.Methods:Kaempferia galanga is extracted in 3 different solvents:dichlormethane, ethanol, and aquades. For each solvent, 0.2 μl Kaempferia galanga extractdroped into 6 mm steril paper dics. 0.1 ml Lactobacillus acidophilus inoculated on MRS agar. Each disc contains extract were impragnated into the agar media, then incubated at 370C for 24 hours, and inhibition zone measured.Results: Mean scores of Kaempferia galanga extract in 3 different solvents are: Kaempferia galanga (dichlormethane) is 1.6400; Kaempferia galanga (ethanol) is 1.7440; Kaempferia galanga extract is 1.6600; boiled Kaempferia galanga is 1.7000. Using Mann-Whitney Test, the results are: negative controls have no inhibition effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus compaired to Kaempferia galanga extract, comparation of those 4 Kaempferia galangal treatments shows no significant difference, those 4 Kaempferia galanga treatments compaired to erythromycin antibacterial effect shows significant difference, otherwise 4 Kaempferia galanga treatments compaired to penicillin shows no significant difference except Kaempferia galanga (ethanol).Conclusions: Kaempferia galanga extract can kill Lactobacillus acidophilus. Inhibition effect of Kaempferia galanga extract has no significant difference to penicillin but lower inhibition effect than erythromycin. The Kaempferia galanga extracts showed better antibacterial activity than penicillin.

Dose-response effect of nitrate on hydrogen distribution between rumen fermentation end products: an in vitro approach

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 224 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Guyader ◽  
M. Tavendale ◽  
C. Martin ◽  
S. Muetzel
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Methane Emissions ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Gaseous Hydrogen ◽  
Hydrogen Distribution ◽  
End Products ◽  
Nitrate Dose ◽  
Dose Response Effect

The objective of this work was to study the in vitro dose-response effect of nitrate (0, 1, 2, 4 and 6 mM) on metabolic hydrogen distribution between rumen fermentation end products. Three 48-h incubations were conducted using bovine rumen contents as an inoculum, and a mixture of hay and concentrate (50 : 50) as a substrate. Total gas production and composition (methane and hydrogen) were automatically analysed throughout the incubations. Volatile fatty acid and ammonium concentrations were analysed from samples taken after 48 h of incubation. Total gas production was decreased with the highest dose of nitrate (P = 0.002). Methane emissions linearly decreased as the nitrate dose increased (P = 0.005). Kinetics of methane emissions showed that metabolic hydrogen removal via nitrate reduction occurred mainly during the first 10 h of incubation. Gaseous hydrogen production was similar among treatments, despite higher hydrogen emissions for nitrate concentrations >4 mM. Concentrations and proportions of volatile fatty acids were not affected by treatments. The proportion of unaccounted metabolic hydrogen was positive for all treatments, and tended to linearly increase as the nitrate dose increased. In this in vitro work, we confirmed that nitrate is an efficient methane-mitigating compound in the rumen. We also suggest that nitrate or its reduced forms have a direct inhibiting effect towards methanogens, as indicated by the release of gaseous hydrogen and the high efficiency of methane mitigation. However, high nitrate concentrations also decrease overall fermentation.

scholarly journals Enamel remineralization by fluoride-releasing materials: proposal of a pH-cycling model

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 446-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eliana Rodrigues ◽  
Alberto Carlos Botazzo Delbem ◽  
Denise Pedrini ◽  
Luciana Cavassan
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Response Relationship ◽  
Surface Microhardness ◽  
Dose Response Relationship ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microhardness Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
And Control

This study proposes a pH-cycling model for verifying the dose-response relationship in fluoride-releasing materials on remineralization in vitro. Sixty bovine enamel blocks were selected for the surface microhardness test (SMH1). Artificial caries lesions were induced and surface microhardness test (SMH2) was performed. Forty-eight specimens were prepared with Z 100, Fluroshield, Vitremer and Vitremer ¼ diluted - powder/liquid, and subjected to a pH-cycling model to promote remineralization. After pH-cycling, final surface microhardness (SMH3) was assessed to calculate percent recovery of surface microhardness (%SMHR). Fluoride present in enamel (μg F/mm3) and in the pH-cycling solutions (μg F) was measured. Cross-sectional microhardness was used to calculate mineral content (∆Z). There was no significant difference between Z 100 and control groups on analysis performed on - %SMHR, ∆Z, μg F and mg F/mm3 (p>0.05). Results showed a positive correlation between %SMHR and μg F/mm3 (r=0.9770; p=0.004), %SMHR and μg F (r=0.9939; p=0.0000001), ∆ and μg F/mm3 (r=0.9853; p=0.0002), ∆ and μg F (r=0.9975; p=0.0000001) and between μg F/mm3 and μg F (r=0.9819; p=0.001). The pH-cycling model proposed was able to verify in vitro dose-response relationship of fluoride-releasing materials on remineralization.

scholarly journals The effect of in vitro royal jelly provision on adhesion of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Sifra Kristina Hartono ◽  
Tetiana Haniastuti ◽  
Heni Susilowati ◽  
Juni Handajani ◽  
Alma Linggar Jonarta
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Optical Density ◽  
Bacterial Adhesion ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Density Values

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is an opportunistic bacterium, which could aggressively infect immunocompromised patients and thus, cause high mortality rate. In addition, P. aeruginosa in oropharynx could be aspirated and cause ventilator associated pneumonia. Royal jelly is one of bee’s products that has been used for therapeutic needs including antibacteria. Adherence factor of P. aeruginosa were flagelum, pili and lectin. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of royal jelly to P. aeruginosa adhesion. Suspension of P. aeruginosa (ATCC® 27853) was incubated at 37 °C for 18 h. Treatment groups were exposed to royal jelly with several concentrations, 2%, 4%, 6%; while distilled water was being used as negative control. Bacterial adhesion test was determined using spectrophotometer λ = 600 nm to measure optical density values of adhered bacterial suspension in tubes. The result of one-way ANOVA showed significant differences (p<0.05) of optical density values among groups indicating that royal jelly affected the bacterial adhesion. LSD results showed significant difference of optical density values between 2%, 4%, and 6% royal jelly compared to distilled water. Six percent of royal jelly had the least optical density value compared to the other groups. In conclusion, royal jelly has the ability to decrease adhesion of P. aeruginosa. Six percent of royal jelly has better ability to decrease adhesion of P. aeruginosa than other concentrations.

Effects of Dentifrices Differing in Fluoride Content on Remineralization Characteristics of Dentin in vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard J. Wierichs ◽  
Katharina Rupp ◽  
Hendrik Meyer-Lueckel ◽  
Christian Apel ◽  
Marcella Esteves-Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Ph Cycling ◽  
Sound Treatment ◽  
Root Surfaces ◽  
Preventive Effects ◽  
Mineral Loss

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare the caries preventive effect of highly fluoridated dentifrices and gels on sound dentin as well as on artificial dentin caries-like lesions. Methods: Bovine dentin specimens (n = 240), with 2 different surfaces each (1 sound surface [sound treatment (ST)] and one caries lesion [demineralized treatment (DT)]), were prepared and randomly allocated to one highly (6 × 120 min demineralization/day [H]) and one lowly cariogenic (6 × 60 min demineralization/day [L]) pH-cycling model. Treatments during pH-cycling (28 days) were: brushing 2×/day with: 0 ppm F [H0/L0], 1,450 ppm F [H1,450/L1,450], 2,800 ppm F [H2,800/L2,800], 5,000 ppm F [H5,000/L5,000], 5,000 ppm F plus TCP [H5,000+TCP/L5,000+TCP], and 12,500 ppm F [H12,500/L12,500] containing dentifrices/gels. Dentifrice/gel slurries were prepared with deionized water (1:2 wt/wt). Differences in integrated mineral loss (∆∆Z) and ∆ lesion depth were calculated between values before and after pH-cycling using transversal microradiography. Results: The correlation between ΔΔZDT and F– was strong for the highly (rH = 0.691; p < 0.001) and moderate (rL = 0.500; p < 0.001) for the lowly cariogenic model, indicating a fluoride dose-response for both. Significant differences for ΔΔZDT and ΔΔZST could be found between H0, H1,450, H5,000, and H12,500 as well as L0, L5,000, and L125,000 (p ≤ 0.046; analysis of covariance [ANCOVA]). Except for 0 ppm F–, no significant difference in ΔΔZST and ΔΔZDT could be found between the highly and lowly cariogenic model (p ≥ 0.056; ANCOVA). Conclusion: For both pH-cycling conditions a dose-response for fluoride could be revealed. For elderly people with exposed root surfaces, the use of gels containing 12,500 ppm F instead of regularly (1,450 ppm F) or highly (5,000 ppm F) fluoridated dentifrices should be further investigated, as it offered higher caries-preventive effects in vitro.

Application of the Cone and Plate(let) Analyzer as a Point-of-Care Method for Monitoring Anti-Platelet Therapy.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 4071-4071
Author(s):  
Galia Spectre ◽  
Alexander Brill ◽  
Alexander Gural ◽  
Boris Shenkman ◽  
Natalia Turetzky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Platelet Adhesion ◽  
Surface Coverage ◽  
Point Of Care ◽  
Dose Range ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Aspirin Therapy ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Dose Response Effect

Abstract Platelet anti-aggregants play a major role in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. Recently it has been suggested that a significant proportion of patients fail to respond to these agents according to different testing methods. We have developed a new method for evaluating the response to platelet anti-aggregants, the modified Cone and Plate(let) Analyzer (CPA) test. The method is based on the observation that pre-activation of platelets by an agonist will result in reduced platelet deposition on a polystyrene surface under arterial flow conditions (the phenomenon of platelet adhesion refractoriness). In vitro studies demonstrated that the basic platelet adhesion (surface coverage, SC 12.3±6.8%) was significantly reduced in response to pre-incubation of the sample (for 1 min) with arachidonic acid (AA, SC 2.1±1.5%), adenine diphosphate (ADP, SC 1.3±0.6%) and epinephrine (EPI, 2.9±0.9%). This effect was selectively inhibited by aspirin (for the response to AA, SC 8.1±3.8%), and by 2-Methylthio-AMP triethylammonium (2-MeSAMP), a selective inhibitor of P2Y12 (for the response to ADP, SC 4.8±2.0%), p&lt;0.001. The potential application of this method for monitoring the effect of aspirin therapy (daily doses of 100, 300 and 500 mg), among 20 healthy volunteers was investigated in comparison to turbidimetric aggregometer. All volunteers responded to aspirin in the three doses according to the aggregometer test (reduced max. aggregation from 88±8% to 12.4±7%), with no evidence for a dose response manner in this dose range. Basic platelet adhesion as tested by the CPA (SC 9.8±2.2%), was unaffected by aspirin in the three tested doses. However, the response to pre-incubation with AA was significantly inhibited by aspirin in all patients (SC of 0.6±0.3% before aspirin therapy and 3.5±1.3%, 4.4±1.7%, and 4.1±2.0% following therapy with 100, 200 and 500 mg aspirin per day, respectively, p&lt;0.001 for all doses), again with no dose response effect. This effect was specific for AA, since no difference in SC was observed when ADP was used as an agonist. A significant correlation between the effect of aspirin as tested by the modified CPA and by the turbidimetric aggregometer using AA as an agonist (R2=0.55) was observed. In conclusion, the CPA was found useful point-of-care method for testing the response of platelets to aggregating agonists as well as for monitoring the effect of anti-platelet drugs.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of a Reporter-Cell-Line-Based Bioassay for Therapeutic Soluble gp130-Fc

Molecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (21) ◽  
pp. 3845
Author(s):  
Lei Yu ◽  
Chuncui Jia ◽  
Wenrong Yao ◽  
Dening Pei ◽  
Xi Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Line ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Luciferase Reporter ◽  
Reporter Cell Line ◽  
Reporter Cell ◽  
Luciferase Reporter Gene ◽  
Detection Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Dose Response Effect

Soluble glycoprotein 130 kDa (sgp130)-Fc fusion protein, an innovative therapeutic bio-macromolecular drug specifically targeting IL-6 trans-signaling, proved to have good potential for application in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases. A simple and quick bioassay for sgp130-Fc was developed in this study. First, a stable reporter cell line was obtained by transfecting CHO-K1 cells with a sis-inducible element (SIE)-driving luciferase reporter gene (CHO/SIE-Luc). Sgp130-Fc could inhibit the expression of luciferase induced by IL-6/sIL-6Rα complex, and the dose–response curve fitted the four-parameter logistic model, with 50% inhibitive concentration (IC50) being about 500 ng/mL and detection range between 40 and 5000 ng/mL. Both the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficient of variation (CV) were below 10.0%, and the accuracy estimates ranged from 94.1% to 106.2%. The assay indicated a good linearity (R² = 0.99) in the range of 50% to 150% of optimized initial concentration. No significant difference was found between the test results of new assay and BAF3/gp130 proliferation assay (unpaired t test, p = 0.4960, n = 6). The dose-response effect and copy number of the luciferase gene was basically unchanged after long-term culture (up to passage 60), demonstrating the stability of CHO/SIE-Luc cells. These results suggested that the new reporter assay was suited to routine potency determination of therapeutic sgp130-Fc.

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