scholarly journals Antibacterial Effect Of Kaempferia Galanga L Extract On Lactobacillus Acidophilus –In Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Josi Saraswati ◽  
Annisa Septalita ◽  
Arini Bovita. N
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Kaempferia Galanga ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Agar Media ◽  
Negative Controls

Introduction: Lactobacillus acidophilus is one of the bacteria causes dental caries. The previous study has shown that Kaempferia galanga extract has a potential to inhibit the growth of Lactobacillus acidophilus.Objective: To determine the antibacterial effect of Kaempferia galanga extract to Lactobacillus acidophilus.Methods:Kaempferia galanga is extracted in 3 different solvents:dichlormethane, ethanol, and aquades. For each solvent, 0.2 μl Kaempferia galanga extractdroped into 6 mm steril paper dics. 0.1 ml Lactobacillus acidophilus inoculated on MRS agar. Each disc contains extract were impragnated into the agar media, then incubated at 370C for 24 hours, and inhibition zone measured.Results: Mean scores of Kaempferia galanga extract in 3 different solvents are: Kaempferia galanga (dichlormethane) is 1.6400; Kaempferia galanga (ethanol) is 1.7440; Kaempferia galanga extract is 1.6600; boiled Kaempferia galanga is 1.7000. Using Mann-Whitney Test, the results are: negative controls have no inhibition effect on Lactobacillus acidophilus compaired to Kaempferia galanga extract, comparation of those 4 Kaempferia galangal treatments shows no significant difference, those 4 Kaempferia galanga treatments compaired to erythromycin antibacterial effect shows significant difference, otherwise 4 Kaempferia galanga treatments compaired to penicillin shows no significant difference except Kaempferia galanga (ethanol).Conclusions: Kaempferia galanga extract can kill Lactobacillus acidophilus. Inhibition effect of Kaempferia galanga extract has no significant difference to penicillin but lower inhibition effect than erythromycin. The Kaempferia galanga extracts showed better antibacterial activity than penicillin.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity of Essential Oils and Their Combination against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria Isolated from Skin Ulcer

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Eshetu Gadisa ◽  
Hydar Usman
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Bacteria

Background. Emerging of multidrug-resistant bacteria can compromise the effectiveness of antibiotics used to treat skin infections. Those bacteria imposed public health problems and questioning medical care in the 21st century. In this circumstance, essential oils of medicinal plants origin are supreme sources of structural and functionally divergent compounds, which inhibited the growth of common wound colonizing MRSA and ESBL producing P. aeruginosa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined antibacterial activity of essential oils extracted from Rumex abyssinicus, Cucumis pustulatus, and Discopodium penninervium against multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates of skin ulcers. Methods. Essential oils (EOs) were extracted from aerial parts of R. abyssinicus, C. pustulatus, and D. penninervium with steam distillation. A mixture of each oil (1 : 1) was adsorbed to a disc and placed on Mueller Hinton Agar. Then, minimum zone of inhibition and bactericidal concentration of EOs was measured after incubeted for 18–24 hours at 37 °C. Their combined antibacterial effect was determined by the fractional inhibitory concentration index. Results. The antibacterial activity of mixed oil varied in their doses and bacteria species, of which a mixture of essential oil of R. abyssinicus and D. penninervium had inhibition zone (32 mm); its MIC and MBC values range from 1-2 μl/ml against MRSA. It had an inhibition zone (36 mm), MIC value 4 μl/ml, and MBC (8 μl/ml) against ESBL producing P. aeruginosa, whereas combined effects of R. abyssinicus and C. pustulatus had MIC values ranging from 2–8 μl/ml for E. coli and K. pneumoniae and 2 μl/ml for MRSA. There was a strong synergistic effect between R. abyssinicus and D. penninervium and promising antibacterial effect more specifically on MRSA and P. aeruginosa. Conclusion. This in vitro study of the combined effect of EOs has significant antibacterial activity on wound colonizing bacteria and reduces delaying wound healing as that of modern drugs tested in parallel. Hence, further structural elucidation of active compounds helps us to properly design or synthesis of topical antibiotics for wound care.

scholarly journals Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Dental Luting Cements on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An in vitro Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 973-977 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Khan ◽  
SMA Feroz ◽  
A Bhoyar
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Zone Of Inhibition ◽  
Diffusion Test ◽  
Luting Cements ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test

ABSTRACT Introduction This study aimed at evaluating and comparing the antibacterial activity of six types of dental luting cements on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus using the agar diffusion test (ADT) and the direct-contact test (DCT). The antibacterial activity in ADT was measured based on the diameter of the zone of inhibition formed, whereas in DCT the density of the bacterial suspension was measured. The lower the density of the suspension, the more antibacterial activity the cement possesses. Materials and methods Agar diffusion test was carried out on the bacteria. After an incubation period of 24 hours, the plates were checked for the presence of zone of inhibition. In DCT the cement was mixed and applied. Once the cement was set, bacterial suspension and brain–heart infusion medium was poured and incubated for 24 hours. After 24 hours, the plate was placed in the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plate reader, which measured the optical density of the fluid. The first set of data was recorded approximately 1 hour after incubation. Overall, three sets of data were recorded. Additional experiments were performed on set test materials that were allowed to age for 24 hours, 1 week, 1, 3, and 6 months. Results When using ADT only two cements zinc oxide eugenol (ZOE) and zinc polycarboxylate (ZPC) cement showed antibacterial activity against the test organisms. When using DCT, all cements showed some amount of antibacterial activity. Zinc oxide eugenol and ZPC cement showed highest amount of antibacterial activity against S. mutans and L. acidophilus respectively. Conclusion Within the limitations of study, ZOE cement and ZPC cement were most effective against the tested microorganisms followed by the newer resin cement. The glass ionomer cement was the weakest of all. Clinical significance Patients with high caries index can be treated more effectively using the abovementioned cements. How to cite this article Feroz SMA, Bhoyar A, Khan S. Comparative Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Dental Luting Cements on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus acidophilus: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2016;17(12):973-977.

scholarly journals Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Activity of Toothpastes and Mouthwashes Available in the Iranian Market

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahra Shahidi ◽  
Shiva Tavakol Davani ◽  
Faranak Noori ◽  
Masoumeh Hasani Tabatabaei ◽  
Fatemeh Sodeif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Lactobacillus Acidophilus ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Dilution Method ◽  
Gingival Fibroblasts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Serial Dilution Method ◽  
The Difference

Objectives: Toothpastes and mouthwashes contain chemicals that may be harmful to oral tissues. This study assessed the cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity of toothpastes and compare the Iranian and foreign toothpastes and mouthwashes available in the Iranian market in this respect. Materials and Methods: Twenty samples (13 toothpastes and 4 mouthwashes) were selected. The cytotoxicity of 1, 10, and 50 mg/mL of toothpastes and 0.05, 2 and 10 µL of mouthwashes was measured after 1, 15 and 30 min of exposure to human gingival fibroblasts, each in triplicate. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was used for cytotoxicity testing. The serial dilution method was utilized to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of each sample against Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus) and Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test were used for data analysis. Results: A significant difference in cytotoxicity was noted among different products (P=0.00). The difference in cytotoxicity of each sample was not significant at 1, 15 and 30 min (P=0.08). The obtained MIC for all toothpastes and mouthwashes was between 0.0039 mg/mL and 0.0156 mg/mL, except for Sensodyne toothpaste and Oral B mouthwash. Conclusion: Some brands of toothpastes have higher cytotoxicity due to their composition, and their cytotoxicity should not be overlooked. The antibacterial activity of the samples was almost equal when they were in contact with L. acidophilus and S. mutans except for the Irsha mouthwash, Sehat, Darugar and Bath toothpastes. The antibacterial effect of toothpastes and mouthwashes increased with an increase in exposure time.

scholarly journals In vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Activity and Protective Effects on Cardiomyocytes with H/R Injury of Garlic/Onion Oil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yifei Lu ◽  
Hui Lv ◽  
Lihua Li ◽  
Chao Yang ◽  
Da Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Volatile Oils ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria ◽  
Garlic Oil

Abstract Background: At present, the research concerning in vitro experiments of garlic oil and onion oil is limited. The objective of this study was to carry out the research on the effective components of garlic and onion, and to study the antibacterial activity of the two essential oils and their protective effects on cardiomyocytes with hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury.Method: The protective effect of volatile oils at different concentrations (200, 100, 50, 25, 12.5, 6.3, 3.1mg/L) on the endothelial cell of microvascular in cardiac muscle against H/R injury was examined by MTT and flow cytometer method. The survival rate and apoptosis situation were record. Inhibition zone test was used to evaluate antibacterial activity of volatile oils. MIC and MBC were calculated as well.Results: To achieve a higher survival rate, the optimum concentrations of garlic oil and onion oil were 12.5mg/L and 6.13mg/L and high concentrations of garlic and onion oil decreased the survival rate. Both the 12.5mg/L onion and garlic oil reduced the apoptosis situation of cardiomyocytes. Both garlic oil and onion oil had antibacterial effect on gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria, and had the best antibacterial effect on cocci of gram-positive bacteria.Conclusion: Garlic and onion oil do have antibacterial activity and protective effects on cardiomyocytes with H/R injury in a concentration range.

scholarly journals AKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI EKSTRAK AIR KULIT BAWANG MERAH (Allium cepa L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Propionibacterium acnes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-88
Author(s):  
Hayatus Sa`adah ◽  
Supomo Supomo ◽  
Musaenah Musaenah
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Propionibacterium Acnes ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Growth Inhibition Zone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽  
Bacterial Growth Inhibition ◽  
Negative Controls

Propionibacterium acnes is one of the causes of acne. Shallot peels contain flavonoids, tannins, and saponins which potentially have antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the water extracts of shallot peels have antibacterial activity against Propionibacterium acnes and determine the concentration which can inhibit the growth of bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. This research is an experimental study. The research stage begins with the extraction of shallot peels using in the foundation. Antibacterial activity was tested using the diffusion method with the Cup-plate technique. Propionibacterium acnes used as a sample of bacteria, with extract concentrations of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%. Positive controls used are clindamycin 150 mg and negative controls were used dimethyl sulfoxide 1% (v / v). Data were analyzed with a statistical test of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method. The measurement results inhibition zone of shallot peels water extract with a concentration of 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40% of the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes sequentially by 12.8 mm, 13 mm, 14.33 mm and 15.50 mm in the strong category. The measurements of bacterial growth inhibition zone were statistically analyzed with the Kruskal-Wallis method gained 0,053 results indicating that the test has a significant effect (P > 0.05) with a decision that means that there is no significant difference between all concentrations.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Shear Bond Strength and Antibacterial Activity of Orthodontic Adhesive Containing Silver Nanoparticle, an In-Vitro Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1466
Author(s):  
Ladan Eslamian ◽  
Ali Borzabadi-Farahani ◽  
Shahedeh Karimi ◽  
Sepideh Saadat ◽  
Mohammad Reza Badiee
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Shear Bond Strength ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Agar Diffusion Test ◽  
Significant Difference

This study evaluated the effect of incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) into conventional orthodontic adhesive on its antibacterial activity and the shear bond strength (SBS) to stainless steel orthodontic brackets. Thirty-four extracted premolars were randomly allocated into two groups (n = 17). Orthodontic adhesive (Transbond XT, 3M Unitek) was blended with AgNPs (50 nm, 0.3% w/w) to form a nano-adhesive. In order to bond stainless steel twin brackets (0.022-inch, American Orthodontics), Transbond XT (n = 17) and nano-adhesive (n = 17) were used in each group, respectively, after acid etching (37% phosphoric acid, 30 s) and rinsing with water (15 s). SBS and the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were recorded. Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans in both groups after 24 h and 30 days was assessed (Disc agar diffusion test) and the inhibition zone diameter around each specimen was measured and recorded. Adding AgNPs significantly (p = 0.009) reduced the mean (SD) SBS in the nano-adhesive group [10.51(7.15) MPa] compared to Transbond XT [17.72(10.55) MPa]. The ARI scores on the Transbond XT and nano-adhesive showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.322). Nano-adhesive with AgNPs showed significant antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans at 24 h and 30 days (p < 0.001). In both groups, no significant decline in the zones of inhibition was detected after 30 days (p = 0.907). The findings suggest that SBS decreased after incorporation of AgNPs [0.3% (w/w)], but was still above the recommended SBS of 5.9–7.8 MPa. The nano-adhesive showed significant antibacterial activity which did not change much after 30 days.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antibacterial and Cytotoxicity Assessments of an Orthodontic Bonding Agent Containing Benzalkonium Chloride

2009 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 331-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayo Saito ◽  
Tohru Hayakawa ◽  
Rihito Kawabata ◽  
Daijiro Meguro ◽  
Kazutaka Kasai
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Benzalkonium Chloride ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Streptococcus Sobrinus ◽  
Disk Diffusion Method ◽  
Gingival Cells ◽  
Orthodontic Bonding

Abstract Objective: To assess the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of an orthodontic bonding material containing an antibacterial agent. Materials and Methods: Superbond C&B (4-methacryloxyethyl trimellitate anhydride/methyl methacrylate-tri-n-butyl borane [4-META/MMA-TBB]) resin was mixed with benzalkonium chloride (BAC) to obtain final BAC concentrations of 0.25%, 0.75%, 1.25%, 1.75%, 2.5%, and 5.0% (wt/ wt). Antibacterial activity against Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus was evaluated by soaking the BAC-resin in distilled water at 37°C for periods of 30, 90, and 180 days. Antibacterial activity of the BAC-resin was measured by the disk diffusion method, and the inhibition zone around each sample was measured and recorded. For evaluation of cytotoxicity, BAC-resin samples were put into cell culture inserts placed above human gingival cells and were incubated at 37°C for 1, 3, and 6 days. Cytotoxicity was assessed with a tetrazolium bromide reduction assay. Results: The antibacterial activity of BAC-incorporated resin samples decreased significantly after immersion in water for 180 days, regardless of BAC concentration. The antibacterial activity of nonimmersed resin containing 0.25% or 1.75% BAC was comparable with that of 5.0% BAC-resin immersed for 180 days. In cytotoxicity tests, most cells died when exposed to resins containing 1.75%, 2.5%, and 5% BAC. No difference was observed between resins containing 0.25% and 0.75% BAC at 1, 3, and 6 days of culture. Conclusions: The addition of BAC to 4-META/MMA-TBB resin confers an antibacterial effect even after immersion in water, and 4-META/MMA-TBB resin containing 0.25% to 0.75% BAC has no significant cytotoxic effect.

scholarly journals Strawberry Extract’s Effects on Enterococcus faecalis and Porphyromonas gingivalis Biofilms in vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Armelia Sari Widyarman ◽  
Stephanie Brigitta Widjaja ◽  
Erik Idrus
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Inhibition Effect ◽  
Extract Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Negative Controls ◽  
Optimal Incubation

<p><strong>Background</strong>: <em>Enterococcus faecalis </em>(<em>E. faecalis</em>)<em> </em>and<em> Porphyromonas gingivalis</em> (<em>P. gingivalis</em>) are oral bacteria related to root canal infection and periodontal disease pathogenesis. Strawberries (<em>Fragaria x ananassa</em>) fruit are rich in vitamins and minerals, have antibacterial and antioxidant effects.<strong> Objective</strong>: This study investigated the inhibition effect of strawberry extract on monospecies and multispecies <em>E. faecalis </em>and<em> P. gingivalis </em>bacteria grown as biofilms<em> in vitro.</em> <strong>Methods:</strong> This study used <em>E. faecalis</em> ATCC 29212 <em>and P. gingivalis</em> ATCC 33277. It analyzed<strong> </strong>the effect of strawberry extract on bacteria biofilm formation using a biofilm assay on microplate wells. Five concentrations of strawberry extracts were used (100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%), and the inhibition effect was observed after a 1h, 3h, 6h, and 24h incubation period. Biofilms without the strawberry extract were used as the negative controls, and crystal violet and safranin (0.5%<sup>w</sup>/<sub>v</sub>) were used to count the biofilm mass. The biofilms grown on microplates were counted using an ELISA reader at 450 nm after 200 mL of 90% ethanol was added to attract the absorbed stain. The strawberry extract inhibition effectiveness on the biofilm formation of each bacterium tested was analyzed using one-way Anova, where p&lt;0.05 was defined as a significant difference. <strong>Result</strong>: The strawberry extract inhibited the tested monospecies and multispecies bacteria biofilm formation. The optimal strawberry extract concentration for the inhibition of either monospecies biofilms was 100%. However, the optimal incubation time for the strawberry extract to inhibit the multispecies biofilm formation was 24h, which was the study’s biofilm maturity phase.<strong> Conclusions: </strong>The 100%<strong> </strong>strawberry extract concentration inhibited the formation of both the monospecies and multispecies <em>E. faecalis </em>and <em>P. gingivalis</em> biofilms. Future studies are needed to evaluate the potential of strawberry extract as an alternative dental therapy.</p>

Development of a Cavity Disinfectant Containing Antibacterial Monomer MDPB

2016 ◽  
Vol 95 (13) ◽  
pp. 1487-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Hirose ◽  
R. Kitagawa ◽  
H. Kitagawa ◽  
H. Maezono ◽  
A. Mine ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Bond Strength ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Resin Cements ◽  
Adhesive Resin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adhesive Resin Cement

An experimental cavity disinfectant (ACC) that is intended to be used for various direct and indirect restorations was prepared by adding an antibacterial monomer 12-methacryloyloxydodecylpyridinum bromide (MDPB) at 5% into 80% ethanol. The antibacterial effectiveness of ACC and its influences on the bonding abilities of resin cements were investigated. To examine the antibacterial activity of unpolymerized MDPB, the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) were determined for Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus casei, Actinomyces naeslundii, Parvimonas micra, Enterococcus faecalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Antibacterial activities of ACC and the commercial cavity disinfectant containing 2% chlorhexidine and ethanol (CPS) were evaluated by agar disk diffusion tests through 7 bacterial species and by MIC and MBC measurement for S. mutans. The effects of ACC and CPS to kill bacteria in dentinal tubules were compared with an S. mutans–infected dentin model. Shear bond strength tests were used to examine the influences of ACC on the dentin-bonding abilities of a self-adhesive resin cement and a dual-cure resin cement used with a primer. Unpolymerized MDPB showed strong antibacterial activity against 7 oral bacteria. ACC produced inhibition zones against all bacterial species similar to CPS. For ACC and CPS, the MIC value for S. mutans was identical, and the MBC was similar with only a 1-step dilution difference (1:2). Treatment of infected dentin with ACC resulted in significantly greater bactericidal effects than CPS ( P < 0.05, analysis of variance and Tukey’s honest significant difference test). ACC showed no negative influences on the bonding abilities to dentin for both resin cements, while CPS reduced the bond strength of the self-adhesive resin cement ( P < 0.05). This study clarified that the experimental cavity disinfectant containing 5% MDPB is more effective in vitro than the commercially available chlorhexidine solution to eradicate bacteria in dentin, without causing any adverse influences on the bonding abilities of resinous luting cements.

New manufacturing process to develop antibacterial dyed polyethylene terephthalate sutures using plasma functionalization and chitosan immobilization

2021 ◽  
pp. 152808372110505
Author(s):  
Nesrine Bhouri ◽  
Faten Debbabi ◽  
Abderrahmen Merghni ◽  
Esther Rohleder ◽  
Boris Mahltig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Polyethylene Terephthalate ◽  
Manufacturing Process ◽  
Antibacterial Effect ◽  
Inhibition Zone ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Plasma Functionalization

The main purpose of this paper is to develop a new manufacturing process leading to have antibacterial dyed non-absorbable braided polyethylene terephthalate (PET) sutures using biocompatible and non-toxic products. This manufacturing process allows better visibility of sutures in the surgical field and reduces the risk of infections and inflammatory reactions without affecting the mechanical properties while meeting the United States Pharmacopeia (USP) requirements. Plasma functionalization, acrylic acid (AA) grafting, and bioactive chitosan (CH) coating were used before the dyeing process with a biocompatible non-toxic acid dye, approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The influence of experimental parameters on the suture properties and the K/S values of the dyed sutures are investigated. Infrared spectroscopy confirms the presence of new bonds to immobilize chitosan on the surface of the suture. Mechanical tests confirm that the mechanical properties of sutures have not been affected. The in vitro antibacterial effect of dyed PET sutures showed an inhibition zone of 11 mm against S. aureus, 4 mm against P. aeruginosa, and 1 mm against E. coli. This study reveals that the new finishing process of sutures is a promising method to achieve an antibacterial effect with a uniform shade and smooth surfaces.

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