scholarly journals Beneficial Effect of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extracted (SC-CO2) Dabai (Canarium odontophyllum) Pulp Oil in Hypercholesterolemia-Induced SPF Sprague-Dawley Rats

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1801301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noor Atiqah Aizan Abdul Kadir ◽  
Azrina Azlan ◽  
Faridah Abas ◽  
Intan Safinar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Canarium Odontophyllum ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

Production of dabai ( Canarium odontophyllum) pulp oil by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction is still relatively new and should be investigated. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extracted dabai pulp oil (DPO) on rats induced with hypercholesterolemia. Male-specific pathogen free (SPF) Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with diets with high cholesterol contents for 4 weeks to induce hypercholesterolemia. Afterwards, the hypercholesterolemia rats were divided into groups namely: positive control group (PG), low dose group (LG), high dose group (HG), and statin group (SG). 0.5% and 2% of SC-CO2 DPO were administered to the LG and HG groups respectively for another 4 weeks. Changes in body weight and biochemistry profiles were measured. When compared with the normal rats that were fed with a normal basal diet, the hypercholesterolemia rats had elevated body weights and major increments in total cholesterol and LDL levels(NG) ( p<0.05). Paired-samples t-tests showed that the LG group exhibited a notable reduction in total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels ( p<0.05) and an 8.26% increment in HDL level. Meanwhile, diminishing levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL levels were found in the HG group. Notable differences in AST and ALT levels were not detected in LG and HG groups when compared with the NG group. These results indicated that SC-CO2dabai pulp oil contains vital elements which contribute to cholesterol-loweringeffects and which can be used as special oils for health promotion and disease prevention.

scholarly journals Androgenic Effects of Cinnamomum camphora in Male Sprague-dawley Rats

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
O. H. Ayoade ◽  
G. G. Akunna ◽  
F. I. Duru
Keyword(s):  
Dose Group ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Medium Dose

This study evaluated camphora-induced androgenic and histopathological changes in male Sprague-Dawley rats. Thirty-five animals weighing 200 g±20 g were used for this study and randomly divided equally into five groups, with seven rats in each group. Group A animals (normal control group) were served water and rat chow only; Groups B-D (treatment groups) were orally administered camphora in doses of 1 g/kg (Low-dose), 2 g/kg (Medium-dose) and 4 g/kg (High-dose) respectively while Group E (vehicle group) were orally administered 6 mL/kg olive oil (a solvent for camphora) per day for 56 days. There was a significant decrease (P< .05) in activity levels of Follicle-Stimulating Hormone (FSH); Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) when the treatment was compared with the control group. Also, a significant decrease (P< .05) in activity level of FSH was observed when the Medium-dose group was compared with Low-dose group. Insignificant irregular pattern in activity level of Testosterone was observed across the treatment groups when compared with the control. However, a significant increase (P< .05) in activity level of Testosterone was observed when the High-dose group was compared with the Medium-dose group. There was a significant increase (P< .05) in activity levels of Luteinizing Hormone (LH) and Malondialdehyde (MDA) when the treatment was compared with the control group. Semen analysis showed reduction in sperm concentration, motility and morphology with increasing concentration of camphora. Significant decrease was recorded in testicular weight when High-dose group was compared to Control and Low-dose groups. Histopathological changes were seen in the testes of the camphor administered groups, ranging from mild disintegrated interstitial tissues in Low-dose to severe degeneration and disintegration of both seminiferous and interstitial tissues in the testes in the Medium-dose and High-dose groups. In conclusion, camphora had androgenic and toxic effects on testis and may cause testicular tissue damage.

scholarly journals Impact of Moriamin Forte on Testicular and Epididymal Damage in Rats with Oligoasthenospermia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xing Zhou ◽  
Guo-Wei Zhang ◽  
Wei-Ning Liang ◽  
Yi-Ze Li ◽  
Song Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Group Treatment ◽  
Sperm Count ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Antioxidase Activity ◽  
Motility Of Sperm ◽  
Related Proteins

To investigate the effect and mechanism of action of Moriamin Forte (MF) on oligoasthenospermia (OA) in rats exposed to multiglycosides of Tripterygium wilfordii (GTW), forty male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups. Rats in the control group were treated with 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose. The remaining rats were administered GTW (30 mg/kg/d) for 40 d to establish an OA model. Concurrently, the groups were treated with normal saline and low-dose (100 mg/kg/d) and high-dose (200 mg/kg/d) MF, respectively. After treatment, the number and motility of sperm cells were examined. Testicular and epididymal histomorphology changes were observed. Antioxidant indicators (SOD, CAT, MDA, TAC, and Nrf2) in testicular and epididymal tissues were detected. Apoptotic and antiapoptotic indicators (Bax and Bcl2 expression) in the testicular tissue were measured by immunohistochemistry. GTW decreased sperm count and motility, damaged testicular and epididymis tissues, impaired antioxidase activity, and increased tissue MDA levels. Meanwhile, GTW upregulated the expression of Bax and downregulated the expression of Bcl2. Western blot analysis demonstrated a decrease in the Nrf2 expression in the model group. Treatment with MF improved sperm count and motility, as well as inhibited the rate of apoptosis in the rat reproductive system. Moreover, MF improved the activity of antioxidants and increased the relative expression of the antioxidant pathway-related protein Nrf2. In conclusion, MF may reverse the GTW-induced OA by modulating the expression of apoptotic and antioxidant pathway-related proteins. This study may provide a pharmacological foundation for the use of MF in OA treatment.

Chronic Administration of Iron Dextran into the Peritoneal Cavity of Rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sang-Eun Park ◽  
Zbylut J. Twardowski ◽  
Harold L. Moore ◽  
Ramesh Khanna ◽  
Karl D. Nolph
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Cavity ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Intraperitoneal Administration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Iron Dextran ◽  
Peritoneal Membrane ◽  
Sprague Dawley

Objective To determine the influence of chronic iron dextran administrations into the peritoneal cavity of rats on function and anatomy of the peritoneal membrane, as well as on erythropoiesis and serum iron. Design Prospective randomized animal study. Setting Animallaboratory. Animals: 36 Sprague-Dawley rats. Interventions The rats were divided into three groups (n = 12). The animals were given standard 1.5% Dianeal (control group) or 1.5% Dianeal containing iron dextran in a concentration of 2 mg/L [Iow-dose group (LDG)] or 10 mg/L [high-dose group (HDG)]. Main outcome measures On the 8th day, at 3 months, and at 6 months a 2-hour peritoneal equilibration test (PET) and blood tests including hematocrit, serum iron, and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were done. After the final PET at 6 months, the peritoneal membrane was evaluated by gross inspection and by light microscopy. Results Hematocrit and serum iron levels increased only in the HDG and LDG. Peritoneal transport of small solutes decreased significantly in the HDG compared to baseline. All cases of the HDG group revealed peritoneal adhesions and fibrosis around the peritoneal catheter as well as massive iron deposits on the peritoneum. Similar but less pronounced changes were found in the LDG. Conclusions These findings suggest an efficient absorption of iron from the peritoneal cavity of rats, however, dialysate iron dextran concentrations of 2 mg/L or greater are toxic to the peritoneal membrane. Therefore, future studies should be performed to determine the minimal effective and nontoxic iron dextran concentrations for intraperitoneal administration.

scholarly journals The Accumulation and Metabolism Characteristics of Rare Earth Elements in Sprague–Dawley Rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 1399
Author(s):  
Bing Cao ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Changlian Xu ◽  
Yan Chen ◽  
Qing Xie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Dose Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sd Rats ◽  
Hormetic Effect ◽  
Different Doses

The current study aims to investigate the influence of five rare earth elements (REEs) (i.e., lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), and gadolinium (Gd)) on the growth of Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats, and to explore the accumulation characteristics of REEs in tissues and organs with different doses as well as the detoxification and elimination of high-dose REEs. Fifty healthy male SD rats (140~160 g) were randomly divided into five groups and four of them were given gavage of sodium citrate solution with REEs in different doses, one of which was the control group. Hair, blood, and bone samples along with specific viscera tissue samples from the spleen and the liver were collected for detection of REEs by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). Treated rats expressed higher concentrations of REEs in the bones, the liver, and spleen samples than the control group (P < 0.05). Few differences were found in relative abundance of La, Ce, Pr, Nd, and Gd in the hair and the liver samples, although different administration doses were given. The relative abundance of Ce in bone samples was significantly lower in the low-dose group and control group, whereas the relative abundance of La and Pr in the bone samples were highest among all groups. Although in the REEs solution, which was given to rats in high-dose group, the La element had a higher relative abundance than Ce element, it ended up with higher Ce element relative abundance than La element in the spleen samples. REEs had a hormetic effect on body weight gain of SD rats. The accumulation of the measured REEs were reversible to low concentrations in the blood and hair, but non-reversible in the bones, the spleen, and the liver. Different tissues and organs can selectively absorb and accumulate REEs. Further inter-disciplinary studies about REEs are urgently needed to identify their toxic effects on both ecosystems and organisms.

Effects of uranium depletion on 1α-hydroxylase in kidney of rats

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 786-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minfen Yan ◽  
Gaoren Zhong ◽  
Linfeng Gao ◽  
Xiqiao Xia ◽  
Lihua Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Form ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Blank Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Medium Dose

This study was designed to evaluate the effects of depleted uranium (DU) on 1α-hydroxylase in the kidney of rats and to delinerate the mechanism of damage to kidneys and bones by DU. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were surgically implanted with DU fragments at three dose levels (0.1 g, 0.2 g and 0.3 g). After 3, 6 or 12 months, the concentration of 1α,25(OH)2D3 in the kidney was measured by radioimmunoassay. The activity of 1α-hydroxylase was shown by the production of 1α,25(OH)2D3 after incubation. The results showed that the 1α-hydroxylase activity in the kidney was decreased after 3 months (27.2% at the medium dose DU group, p < 0.05; 33.4% at the high dose DU group, p < 0.01). In contrast, at 6 months and 12 months after implantation of DU, the activity of renal 1α-hydroxylase in DU-treated animals was not decreased significantly in comparison with the controls (p > 0.05). On the other hand, the activity of renal 1α-hydroxylase was decreased by 33.1% (p < 0.05) and 34.4% (p < 0.01) in blank control groups at 6 and 12 months, respectively, when compared with the blank control group at 3 months. In conclusion, this study showed that chronic DU exposure could induce renal damages and inhibit the synthesis of biologically active form of vitamin D, which may be the underlying mechanism of bone metabolic disorder caused by renal injury after DU exposure.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF STRATIFIED DOSES OF CURRY LEAF EXTRACT (MURRAYA KOENIGII) ON TOTAL CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDES IN MALE SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS INDUCED BY HIGH FAT FEED

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Muhammad Iqbal Reynaldi ◽  
Santoso Santoso ◽  
Kusmiyati Tjahjono
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Effective Dosage ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Murraya Koenigii ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Before And After

Background: High level of total cholesterol and tryglicerides in the blood can cause atherosclerosis. Curry leaves are often used by the society to reduce total cholesterol and trygliceride levels in the blood, but no studies have examinded the effective dosage of curry leaf extract to reduce total cholesterol and triglyceride levels.Aim: This study aims to determine the effect of giving curry leaf extract (Murraya koenigii) on cholesterol and triglyceride levels of male Sprague-Dawley rats induced by high fat feed.Methods: This study was a true experimental study with a pre-post test with randomized control group design. The subjects of the study were male Sprague-Dawley rats induced by high fat feed for 10 days. Cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured by enymatic methods. Then, the data were analyzed using paired t test and for P3 group total cholesterol using the Wilcoxon test to analyze the differences in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels between before and after given the curry leaf extract, Repeated Anova test to analyzed the differences between groups which was then followed by post hoc bonferoni and One Way Anova to analyze the differences in total cholesterol and triglyceride levels between groups.Results: There was no significant differences in total cholesterol levels between before and after given the curry leaf extract at a dose of 200 mg/KgBW, 300 mg/KgBW, and 400 mg/KgBW (p= 0.641 for the P1 group, p= 0.385 for the P2 group and p= 0.398 for the P3 group). In contrast to triglyceride levels, there were differences in triglyceride levels before and after administration of curry leaf extrcat at a a dose of 300 mg/KgBW (p= 0.012), while the other groups were not significant.Conclusion: The stratified doses of curry leaf extract (Murraya koenigii) in this study could not reduce cholesterol level and triglyceride levelKeywords: Curry leaf extract; Dyslipidemia; Total Cholesterol; Triglyceride 

scholarly journals Preliminary Evaluation of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extracted Dabai Pulp Oleoresin as a New Alternative Fat

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (18) ◽  
pp. 5545
Author(s):  
Noor Atiqah Aizan Abdul Kadir ◽  
Azrina Azlan ◽  
Faridah Abas ◽  
Intan Safinar Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Bioactive Compound ◽  
Preliminary Evaluation ◽  
Extraction Technology ◽  
Food Industries ◽  
Slip Melting Point ◽  
Canarium Odontophyllum ◽  
Supercritical Carbon

There has been growing interest among food scientists in producing a toxin-free fat as an end product with varying physical or nutritional properties of interest to the food industry. Oleoresin is a rich source of bioactive compounds which consumers can easily add to a large variety of food. Dabai (Canarium odontophyllum) pulp oleoresin (DPL) was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) extraction, a green extraction technology. This study investigates the quality of SC-CO2 extracted DPL in discovering its potential as a new alternative fat. The extraction experiment was carried out at a pressure of 40 MPa and a temperature of 40 °C. DPL is a saturated fatty acid (SFA)-rich fat due to its high SFA composition (47.72 ± 0.01%). In addition, the low content of peroxide value (PV) (5.60 ± 0.09 mEq/kg) and free fatty acids (FFA) (3.40 ± 0.03%) indicate the quality and stability of DPL for various applications besides food consumption. DPL also has a low slip melting point (SMP) (20.20 ± 0.03 °C), and HPLC-FID revealed that DPL contained 0.13 ± 0.02 mg/100 g of vitamin E (α-tocopherol), indicating its potential application as a solid fat with a bioactive compound. This present work demonstrates the possible prospect of DPL in the formulation of end products for food industries.

scholarly journals Effects of Chronic Exposure to Sodium Arsenite on Expressions of VEGF and VEGFR2 Proteins in the Epididymis of Rats

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dai Yan-Ping ◽  
Gao Xiao-Qin ◽  
Ma Xiao Ping ◽  
Yue Ying Quan
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
Infected Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Apoptotic Cells ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Group Protein

Objective. To study the expressions of VEGF and VEGFR2 at protein level in the epididymis of rats with arsenism. Methods. Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: the high dose arsenic infected group (60.0 mg/L in water), the middle dose arsenic infected group (12.0 mg/L in water), the low dose arsenic infected group (2.4 mg/L in water), and the control group (distilled water). Rats were treated with arsenic through drinking water for 6 consecutive months. At the end of the experiment, the average densitometry values of apoptotic cells in epididymis tubules were determined by TUNEL method; the protein and mRNA levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 were observed by immunohistochemistry, Western blot, and real time fluorescent quantitative PCR, respectively. Results. Compared with the control group, in each infected group, the average densitometry values of apoptotic cells in the epididymis tubules were significantly lower. Compared with control group, protein and mRNA levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 in each infected group were obviously declined. The correlations between protein and mRNA levels of VEGF and VEGFR2 were positively exhibited (r = 0.843, 0.869, p < 0.05). Conclusions. Arsenism affects the expressions of VEGF and VEGFR2 in the epididymis of rats and results in apoptosis of pathophysiology of male infertility.

scholarly journals Intraperitoneal injection of ketamine enhances apoptosis in urothelium via autophagy in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 205873922093566
Author(s):  
Liqin Wei ◽  
Jitao Wu ◽  
Danxia Li ◽  
Zhengfei Shan
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Tunel Staining ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Bladder Epithelium ◽  
Bladder Tissue ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats

Ketamine abusing is associated with ulcerative cystitis, but the mechanisms remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the existence of ketamine-induced symptom in a rat model and evaluate the underlining mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley rats were chosen and randomly divided into 12 groups (n = 8), such as the control group, low dose of ketamine (10 mg/kg/day), middle dose of ketamine (30 mg/kg/day) and high dose of ketamine (50 mg/kg/day) groups. The experimental groups were administrated ketamine i.p. daily, whereas the control groups were administrated with saline. After 1, 3, and 6 months of treatment, the bladder tissues were collected. Haematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and a transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used to evaluate the bladder epithelium pathology and urothelial apoptosis, respectively. The protein expression levels of LC3, p62, Beclin1 were assessed by Western blotting. HE staining results of the experimental rats showed the bladder tissue denudation of the urothelial epithelium with edema and congestion compared with the control groups. TUNEL staining showed a significantly higher number of apoptotic cells in experimental groups than in the control groups. The protein LC3 and Beclin1 had significantly higher levels compared with control groups. The protein p62 had lower levels compared with control groups. The expression levels correlated with contraction of ketamine and treatment time. HE staining, TUNEL staining and Western blot results showed dose-dependent, time-dependent autophage in ketamine-treated rats. All the results suggested that autophagy proteins might be involved in inflammatory response in rats.

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