Revisiting the Power to Forgive: A Dyadic Approach for Determining the Relations Between Power, Self-Esteem, and Forgiveness in Romantic Relationships

2021 ◽  
pp. 194855062110565
Author(s):  
Robert Körner ◽  
Astrid Schütz ◽  
Erez Zverling ◽  
Ami Sha’ked
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Avoidance Motivation ◽  
Interdependent Self

Power pervades interpersonal relationships and can impact relationship-related outcomes (e.g., forgiveness). Here, we expected a positive association between power and forgiveness in two studies involving German and Israeli couples ( N = 149/174 couples). Actor–partner interdependence mediator models showed the expected positive associations of actor’s power with both actor’s forgiveness and partner’s forgiveness. Independent self-esteem partially mediated and interdependent self-esteem completely mediated the power–forgiveness link for actors. Also, high experienced power was associated with high self-esteem, which in turn was positively related to benevolence motivation and negatively related to revenge and avoidance motivation. The implications of these findings are relevant for couple’s therapy and advance our understanding of associations between power and relationship variables. Future research may distinguish between authentic and instrumental forgiveness and use experimental settings.

How is Time Perspective Related to Perceptions of Self and of Interpersonal Relationships?

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umit Akirmak
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Balanced Time Perspective ◽  
Additional Support

AbstractPrevious research has revealed a positive association between balanced time perspective (BTP) and subjective well-being (Boniwell & Zimbardo, 2004), however mechanisms underlying BTP are yet to be determined. The goal of the present study was to examine the contributions of personality and quality of interpersonal relationships in the development of BTP. Additionally, the correlations between these measures and time perspective dimensions were evaluated as an attempt to provide further psychometric properties of the Zimbardo Time Perspective Inventory (ZTPI) in a Turkish sample. 178 undergraduates filled out a survey that included the ZTPI and measures that assessed personality characteristics, and quality of parent, peer, and adult relationships. Results showed that deviation from BTP was positively associated with romantic anxiety (r = .41, p < .001), romantic avoidance (r = .33, p < .001), and neuroticism (r = .49, p < .001) but negatively associated with self-esteem (r = –.50, p < .001) and security of the mother (r = –.38, p < .001), father (r = –.37, p < .001) and peer (r = –.27, p < .001) attachment. When personality and attachment measures were employed in a regression analysis, father attachment, romantic anxiety, self-esteem, and neuroticism were found to be significant predictors of the deviation from BTP scores (adjusted R2 = .39, f2 = .75). Finally, the inter-correlations of the ZTPI dimensions and their correlations with the personality and attachment measures provided additional support for the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the ZTPI. These findings imply that positive perceptions of self and of interpersonal relationships are crucial in the development of BTP.

Self-concept clarity as a predictor of self-disclosure in romantic relationships

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1873-1891
Author(s):  
Maryam Tajmirriyahi ◽  
William Ickes
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Disclosure ◽  
Multiple Regression Models

Several studies have examined the role of self-esteem in self-disclosure while overlooking a potentially important confounding variable: self-concept clarity. Across three studies, we found an association between self-concept clarity and self-disclosure to one’s romantic partner. This incremental effect held even when the variance attributable to self-esteem was statistically controlled in a multiple regression analysis. Moreover, in two of the three studies, self-esteem was no longer a significant predictor of self-disclosure after controlling for the variance in self-concept clarity. These data suggest that self-concept clarity is an important predictor of self-disclosure—one that is conceptually and empirically distinct from self-esteem. That self-concept clarity tended to supplant self-esteem in the multiple regression models suggests that disclosing the specific aspects of the self that one clearly perceives (one’s attributes, goals, motives, values, etc.) might be more essential to everyday self-disclosure than disclosing only whether one has a globally positive or negative self-view. Future research should explore the causal relationships involved with the aid of experimental studies.

scholarly journals Can self-defeating humor make you happy? Cognitive interviews reveal the adaptive side of the self-defeating humor style

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 451-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonja Heintz ◽  
Willibald Ruch
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Thinking Aloud ◽  
Typical Sample ◽  
Humor Style ◽  
Item Responses

Abstract The present set of studies employs two cognitive interviewing techniques (thinking aloud and online cognitive probing) of the scale assessing the self-defeating humor style, aiming at delineating the role that self-defeating humor plays in self-esteem and emotions. The self-defeating humor style comprises humor to enhance one’s relationships with others at the expense of oneself, and has often been related to lower well-being. The analyses are based on 392 item responses of a typical sample (Study 1) and 104 item responses of high scorers on the self-defeating scale (Study 2). Content analyses revealed that higher scores on the self-defeating scale went along with humor (Study 1), with higher state self-esteem, with an improvement of one’s interpersonal relationships, and with more facial displays of positive emotions (Study 2). Additionally, the more humor was entailed in the item responses, the higher the state self-esteem and the improvement of relationships was and the more positive emotion words were employed. Thus, the humor entailed in the self-defeating humor style seemed rather beneficial both for oneself and others. These findings call for a reevaluation of past findings with this humor style and provide opportunities for future research and applications of humor interventions to improve well-being.

Online Social Networking and Romantic Relationships

2020 ◽  
pp. 57-82
Author(s):  
Irem Metin-Orta
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Social Networking ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Romantic Relationship ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Online Social Networking ◽  
Adult Attachment Styles ◽  
The Impact

With the increased popularity of social media, social networking sites (SNSs) have received the attention of many scholars. In particular, researchers have focused on the impact of SNSs on interpersonal relationships. Accordingly, this chapter provides an overview of the extant literature concerning associations between the use of SNSs and romantic relationships. It provides empirical evidence on how social networking behaviors are influenced by adult attachment styles, and how social networking influences relationship constructs such as satisfaction, commitment, jealousy, and relationship dissolution. Furthermore, it presents previous research that emphasizes gender as a moderator in these relations. This chapter overall contributes to researchers and professionals in providing information on online social networking and emphasizing key romantic relationship constructs related to the use of SNSs. It also provides suggestions for future research.

Passion for Work and Interpersonal Relationships

2019 ◽  
pp. 357-386
Author(s):  
Ide Katrine Birkeland
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Counterproductive Work Behaviors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Citizenship Behaviors ◽  
The Status ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Passion For Work

This chapter focuses on how passion for work influences the interpersonal relationships the employee forms both at work and outside work. It reviews the research and theoretical underpinnings for why passion for work matters for interpersonal relationships. This part particularly describes research on overall relationships, citizenship behaviors, as well as counterproductive work behaviors. It also separates between cognitive, affective, and behavioral manifestations of passion for work. Furthermore, this chapter considers how passion can spill into the relationships employees form outside of work, particularly the romantic relationships. Finally, the status of the research on passion for work and interpersonal relationships is discussed along with some suggestions for future research avenues and practical implications.

Unique Relationships Between Self-Related Constructs, Social Anxiety, and Depression in a Non-Clinical Sample

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bree Gregory ◽  
Lorna Peters
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Clinical Sample ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vulnerability Factors

Self-related constructs feature prominently in cognitive models of both social anxiety and depression. However, few studies have simultaneously investigated the unique relationship between self-related constructs and social anxiety and depression, while also controlling for the association between the two variables. In the present study, 522 undergraduate students completed measures of maladaptive self-beliefs, self-esteem, self-criticism, self-focused attention, self-concept clarity, social comparison, and social anxiety and depression. Bivariate correlations demonstrated that self-related constructs not only significantly correlated with social anxiety but also with depression and other self-variables. When entered simultaneously, multiple regression analyses indicated that maladaptive self-beliefs were uniquely and positively associated with social anxiety and depression, while self-esteem and self-concept clarity were uniquely and negatively associated with social anxiety and depression. A unique positive association between private self-consciousness and depression was also found. Maladaptive self-beliefs and self-esteem were the constructs most strongly associated with social anxiety and depression respectively. These findings underscore the importance of a negative self-concept even in subclinical presentations and suggest that several key self-related constructs may represent transdiagnostic vulnerability factors linking social anxiety and depression. Future research should continue to uncover unique relationships between self-related variables and social anxiety and depression in both clinical and non-clinical samples.

scholarly journals Self-Esteem and the Quality of Romantic Relationships

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Yasemin Erol ◽  
Ulrich Orth
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract. The relation between self-esteem and romantic relationships has been the focus of many research studies. In this article, we review theoretical perspectives and available evidence on (a) the effect of people’s self-esteem on the quality of their romantic relationships, (b) the effect of self-esteem similarity between partners on relationship quality, and (c) the psychological mechanisms that might account for the link between self-esteem and relationship quality. Overall, the evidence suggests that high self-esteem is beneficial in romantic relationships. Furthermore, research using data from both partners of couples suggests that high self-esteem has a positive effect also on the partner’s happiness with the relationship. However, research indicates that the degree of self-esteem similarity between partners does not influence the couple’s relationship satisfaction. Although evidence suggests that perceived regard and secure attachment between the partners explains why self-esteem is beneficial in romantic relationships, future research is needed to examine in more detail the mechanisms through which self-esteem contributes to a happy relationship.

Motivations and Gratification in an Online Game: Relationships Among Players' Self-Esteem, Self-Concept, and Interpersonal Relationships

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chiao-Ling Huang ◽  
Shu Ching Yang ◽  
An-Sing Chen
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Peer Relationships ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Uses And Gratifications ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Online Game ◽  
Psychological Traits ◽  
Specific Medium

We applied uses and gratifications (U & G) theory to investigate how and why people satisfy their needs through playing games online. In this study, conducted with a group of young people aged from 11 to 18 years, we examined the relationships among the psychological traits of self-esteem and self-concept, their interpersonal relationships, and playing a Facebook game called Happy Farm. The results support the assumption in U & G theory that if a specific medium fulfills the expected gratifications initially sought, then individuals will have greater motivation to continue to use the medium. Male players had a significantly greater need for friendship than did females. We also found a positive association among use intensity, self-esteem, self-concept, and interpersonal relationships. Finally, the results showed that recreational motivation, recreational gratification, peer relationships, and caring are all strong predictors of adolescents' usage intensity.

Attachment Organization in Suicide Prevention Research

Crisis ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Venta ◽  
Carla Sharp
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Suicide Ideation ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Harm

Background: Identifying risk factors for suicide-related thoughts and behaviors (SRTB) is essential among adolescents in whom SRTB remain a leading cause of death. Although many risk factors have already been identified, influential theories now suggest that the domain of interpersonal relationships may play a critical role in the emergence of SRTB. Because attachment has long been seen as the foundation of interpersonal functioning, we suggest that attachment insecurity warrants attention as a risk factor for SRTB. Aims: This study sought to explore relations between attachment organization and suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-harm in an inpatient adolescent sample, controlling for demographic and psychopathological covariates. Method: We recruited 194 adolescents from an inpatient unit and assigned them to one of four attachment groups (secure, preoccupied, dismissing, or disorganized attachment). Interview and self-report measures were used to create four variables reflecting the presence or absence of suicidal ideation in the last year, single lifetime suicide attempt, multiple lifetime suicide attempts, and lifetime self-harm. Results: Chi-square and regression analyses did not reveal significant relations between attachment organization and SRTB, although findings did confirm previously established relations between psychopathology and SRTB, such that internalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm, suicide ideation, and suicide attempt and externalizing disorder was associated with increased self-harm. Conclusion: The severity of this sample and methodological differences from previous studies may explain the nonsignificant findings. Nonsignificant findings may indicate that the relation between attachment organization and SRTB is moderated by other factors that should be explored in future research.

Cross-Lagged Relationships Between Self-Esteem, Self-Construal, and Happiness in a Three-Wave Longitudinal Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-185
Author(s):  
Daniela Moza ◽  
Laurențiu Maricuțoiu ◽  
Alin Gavreliuc
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Self Construal ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Independent Person

Abstract. Previous research established that an independent construal of the self is associated with higher self-esteem, which, in turn, is associated with increased happiness. Regarding the directionality of these relationships, theoretical arguments have suggested that self-construal precedes self-esteem and that self-esteem precedes happiness. However, most research in this area is cross-sectional, thus limiting any conclusions about directionality. The present study tested these relationships in 101 Romanian undergraduates using a 3-wave cross-lagged design with a 6-month time lag between every two waves. Structural equation modeling analyses revealed that self-esteem is an antecedent of both happiness and dimensions of independent self-construal (i.e., consistency vs. variability and self-expression vs. harmony). In other words, one’s positive evaluation of self-worth precedes one’s self-perception as being a happy and independent person. The findings are discussed with respect to the theoretical and practical implications, along with limitations and suggestions for future research.

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