scholarly journals Blend of cassava starch and high-density polyethylene with green tea for food packaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 3-14
Author(s):  
Cassiano MN Romagnolli ◽  
Gabriela P Leite ◽  
Tiago AR Rodrigues ◽  
Carolina L Morelli
Keyword(s):  
Green Tea ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Active Packaging ◽  
High Density ◽  
Service Lifetime

Plastic packagings are widely used for several food products. Considering the relatively short service lifetime of this application, it is important to perceive in the search of eco-friendly alternatives to this market, such as polymers from renewable sources, as thermoplastic starch and “green” polyethylene. The incorporation of an antibacterial agent to the packaging can extend food shelf life. Camellia sinensis is a plant with known antibacterial properties used in the preparation of “green tea.” In the present work, green tea was incorporated to a blend of cassava thermoplastic starch and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) by melt extrusion, aiming application as active packaging. Films were obtained by thermopressing and characterized through infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy and tensile tests. Their antibacterial properties were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The results indicated that the material developed has potential for food packaging applications. Moreover, the methodology applied for green tea incorporation in the Starch/HDPE films can be extended for many extracts from natural components, contributing to the advancement of research in the development of active packaging for food products. To the best of our knowledge, no previous work studied the properties of starch/HDPE blend with green tea.

scholarly journals Lifetime assessment of high-density polyethylene–silica nanocomposites

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 184798041984998 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Dorigato ◽  
LE Govaert ◽  
A Pegoretti
Keyword(s):  
Fumed Silica ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Testing Temperature ◽  
High Density ◽  
Time To Failure ◽  
Creep Tests ◽  
Polyethylene Matrix ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Fumed Silica Nanoparticles

In this work, the effect of fumed silica on the long-term resistance of high-density polyethylene was investigated. Different amounts of functionalized fumed silica nanoparticles were dispersed in a high-density polyethylene matrix by melt compounding, and compression molded specimens were tested under tensile mode in the quasi-static ramp and creep conditions. In particular, tensile tests at different speeds and temperatures and the subsequent application of the modified Ree–Eyring model allowed the determination of an analytical expression correlating the strain rate with the yield stress and the testing temperature. It was demonstrated that the introduction of fumed silica led to a significant drop in the deformation rate, especially at elevated filler amounts. Creep tests showed that the nanofiller addition led to a progressive reduction of the critical deformation values. The application of this engineering approach evidenced how nanosilica introduction led to a systematic increase of the time-to-failure values, and good accordance between theoretical prediction and experimental measurements was found.

scholarly journals Biopolymers-Based Materials Containing Silver Nanoparticles as Active Packaging for Food Applications–A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 698 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karolina Kraśniewska ◽  
Sabina Galus ◽  
Małgorzata Gniewosz
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Antimicrobial Properties ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Active Packaging ◽  
Packaging Materials ◽  
Active Food Packaging ◽  
Food Applications ◽  
External Conditions ◽  
Packaged Food

Packaging is an integral part of food products, allowing the preservation of their quality. It plays an important role, protecting the packed product from external conditions, maintaining food quality, and improving properties of the packaged food during storage. Nevertheless, commonly used packaging based on synthetic non-biodegradable polymers causes serious environmental pollution. Consequently, numerous recent studies have focused on the development of biodegradable packaging materials based on biopolymers. In addition, biopolymers may be classified as active packaging materials, since they have the ability to carry different active substances. This review presents the latest updates on the use of silver nanoparticles in packaging materials based on biopolymers. Silver nanoparticles have become an interesting component of biodegradable biopolymers, mainly due to their antimicrobial properties that allow the development of active food packaging materials to prolong the shelf life of food products. Furthermore, incorporation of silver nanoparticles into biopolymers may lead to the development of materials with improved physical-mechanical properties.

Tensile Stress-Strain Properties and Elastic Modulus of PE 4710 Cell Classification 445574C High Density Polyethylene Pipe Material

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. Adams ◽  
Jie Wen ◽  
Shawn Nickholds ◽  
Douglas Munson
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Tensile Testing ◽  
Axial Direction ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
High Density ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Yield Strain ◽  
Cell Classification ◽  
Hdpe Pipe

For corroded piping in low temperature systems replacement of buried carbon steel pipe with high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe is a cost-effective solution. The ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code, Section III, Division 1, Code Case N755-1 currently permits the use of HDPE in buried Safety Class 3 piping systems. This paper presents the results of tensile testing of PE 4710 cell classification 445574C pipe compliant with the requirements of Code Case N755-1. This information was developed to support and provide a strong technical basis for tensile properties of HDPE pipe. The data may also be useful for applications of HDPE pipe in commercial electric power generation facilities and chemical, process, and waste water plants via its possible use in the B31 series piping codes. The paper provides values for yield stress, yield strain, ultimate strain, and elastic modulus. The standard tensile tests were conducted consistent with the requirements of ASTM D638-10. Specimens were cut in the axial direction from cell composition PE 4710 cell classification 445574C HDPE piping spools. In addition, the results are compared to previous tensile testing conducted on the PE 3608 cell classification 345464C and PE 4710 cell classification 445474C HDPE materials.

scholarly journals Effect of a Small Amount of Thermoplastic Starch Blend on the Mechanical Recycling of Conventional Plastics

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Åkesson ◽  
Gauthaman Kuzhanthaivelu ◽  
Martin Bohlén
Keyword(s):  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Charpy Impact ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Waste Streams ◽  
Strong Reduction ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Elongation At Break

Abstract The usage of bioplastics could increase in the future which may cause contamination of the waste streams of conventional plastics. The objective of this study was to investigate if a small amount of biopolymer contaminating conventional polymers would significantly affect mechanical and thermal properties. A starch-based plastic was first compounded by blending plasticised starch with PLA (polylactic acid). This polymer blend was subsequently compounded with HDPE (high density polyethylene), PP (polypropylene) or PET (polyethylene terephthalate) at 0%, 1% and 5% of the biopolymer. The compounds were characterised by tensile tests, Charpy impact tests, DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and FESEM (field emission scanning electron microscopy). Tests showed that PE and PP were not significantly affected in terms of tensile strength and modulus but the elongation at break showed a strong reduction. PET was, on the other hand, incompatible with the starch-based plastic. Already at 1% contamination, PET had lost most of its impact strength.

scholarly journals On the Use of Phenolic Compounds Present in Citrus Fruits and Grapes as Natural Antioxidants for Thermo-Compressed Bio-Based High-Density Polyethylene Films

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Sandra Rojas-Lema ◽  
Sergio Torres-Giner ◽  
Luis Quiles-Carrillo ◽  
Jaume Gomez-Caturla ◽  
Daniel Garcia-Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phenolic Compounds ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
High Density ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Citrus Fruits ◽  
Oxidation Induction Time ◽  
Active Food Packaging

This study originally explores the use of naringin (NAR), gallic acid (GA), caffeic acid (CA), and quercetin (QUER) as natural antioxidants for bio-based high-density polyethylene (bio-HDPE). These phenolic compounds are present in various citrus fruits and grapes and can remain in their leaves, peels, pulp, and seeds as by-products or wastes after juice processing. Each natural additive was first melt-mixed at 0.8 parts per hundred resin (phr) of bio-HDPE by extrusion and the resultant pellets were shaped into films by thermo-compression. Although all the phenolic compounds colored the bio-HDPE films, their contact transparency was still preserved. The chemical analyses confirmed the successful inclusion of the phenolic compounds in bio-HDPE, though their interaction with the green polyolefin matrix was low. The mechanical performance of the bio-HDPE films was nearly unaffected by the natural compounds, presenting in all cases a ductile behavior. Interestingly, the phenolic compounds successfully increased the thermo-oxidative stability of bio-HDPE, yielding GA and QUER the highest performance. In particular, using these phenolic compounds, the onset oxidation temperature (OOT) value was improved by 43 and 41.5 °C, respectively. Similarly, the oxidation induction time (OIT) value, determined in isothermal conditions at 210 °C, increased from 4.5 min to approximately 109 and 138 min. Furthermore, the onset degradation temperature in air of bio-HDPE, measured for the 5% of mass loss (T5%), was improved by up to 21 °C after the addition of NAR. Moreover, the GA- and CA-containing bio-HDPE films showed a high antioxidant activity in alcoholic solution due to their favored release capacity, which opens up novel opportunities in active food packaging. The improved antioxidant performance of these phenolic compounds was ascribed to the multiple presence of hydroxyl groups and aromatic heterocyclic rings that provide these molecules with the features to permit the delocalization and the scavenging of free radicals. Therefore, the here-tested phenolic compounds, in particular QUER, can represent a sustainable and cost-effective alternative of synthetic antioxidants in polymer and biopolymer formulations, for which safety and environmental issues have been raised over time.

scholarly journals On the Use of Gallic Acid as a Potential Natural Antioxidant and Ultraviolet Light Stabilizer in Cast-Extruded Bio-Based High-Density Polyethylene Films

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Quiles-Carrillo ◽  
Sergi Montava-Jordà ◽  
Teodomiro Boronat ◽  
Chris Sammon ◽  
Rafael Balart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gallic Acid ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
High Density ◽  
Natural Antioxidant ◽  
Oxidation Induction Time ◽  
Sustainable Food ◽  
Light Stability ◽  
Twin Screw

This study originally explores the use of gallic acid (GA) as a natural additive in bio-based high-density polyethylene (bio-HDPE) formulations. Thus, bio-HDPE was first melt-compounded with two different loadings of GA, namely 0.3 and 0.8 parts per hundred resin (phr) of biopolymer, by twin-screw extrusion and thereafter shaped into films using a cast-roll machine. The resultant bio-HDPE films containing GA were characterized in terms of their mechanical, morphological, and thermal performance as well as ultraviolet (UV) light stability to evaluate their potential application in food packaging. The incorporation of 0.3 and 0.8 phr of GA reduced the mechanical ductility and crystallinity of bio-HDPE, but it positively contributed to delaying the onset oxidation temperature (OOT) by 36.5 °C and nearly 44 °C, respectively. Moreover, the oxidation induction time (OIT) of bio-HDPE, measured at 210 °C, was delayed for up to approximately 56 and 240 min, respectively. Furthermore, the UV light stability of the bio-HDPE films was remarkably improved, remaining stable for an exposure time of 10 h even at the lowest GA content. The addition of the natural antioxidant slightly induced a yellow color in the bio-HDPE films and it also reduced their transparency, although a high contact transparency level was maintained. This property can be desirable in some packaging materials for light protection, especially UV radiation, which causes lipid oxidation in food products. Therefore, GA can successfully improve the thermal resistance and UV light stability of green polyolefins and will potentially promote the use of natural additives for sustainable food packaging applications.

Resistance of Polyethylene Geonets against Thermo-Oxidation

2012 ◽  
Vol 730-732 ◽  
pp. 480-485
Author(s):  
José Ricardo Carneiro ◽  
Paulo Joaquim Almeida ◽  
M. Lurdes Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Research Team ◽  
Maximum Load ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
High Density ◽  
New Method

This paper studies the resistance of two high-density polyethylene geonets (manufactured with or without the additive Tinuvin 783) against thermo-oxidation. The materials were exposed to thermo-oxidation by two methods: oven-ageing tests at 100 °C and a new method developed by our research team. The damages suffered by the geonets were evaluated by tensile tests (determination of tensile strength, elongation at maximum load and toughness). Finally, the results obtained in the oven-ageing tests were compared with the results obtained by the new method.

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