scholarly journals Fansidar drug induces cytotoxicity in some vital tissues in a rat model: combination defensive effect of selenium and zinc capsules

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 204209862110271
Author(s):  
J. K Akintunde ◽  
J. A Ajiboye ◽  
E. O Siemuri ◽  
O. O. Olabisi
Keyword(s):  
Cell Damage ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
Model Combination ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Visible Lesion ◽  
United States Food

Aim: Fansidar (FAN) is widely used as an antimalarial drug, but it may cause hepatoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. Hence, the study examines the cytoprotection of selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn) tablets against FAN induced toxicity. Method: Group I was given distilled water. Groups II, III, IV, and V received 50 mg/kg FAN by gavage. Group III was co-treated with a 50 mg/kg Se tablet. Group IV was co-treated with a 50 mg/kg Zn tablet. Group V was co-treated with a 50 mg/kg Se tablet + 50 mg/kg Zn tablet. The exposure lasted for 7 days (sub-acute exposure). Result: FAN causes cytotoxicity through significant ( p < 0.05) alteration of antioxidant molecules and hepatic enzymes. It also significantly ( p < 0.05) induces renal, hepatocyte, and purkinje cell damage, but no visible lesion on testicular cells. The FAN induced cytotoxicity was significantly ( p < 0.05) reversed on treatment with both single and combined antioxidant tablets. Conclusion: Our study supports the view that antioxidant micronutrient (Se and Zn) tablets may be a useful modulator in alleviating FAN induced oxidative stress and cytotoxicity in male rats. Plain language summary Combined selenium and zinc capsules: better therapy against cytotoxicity Fansidar was approved by United States’ Food and Drug Administration as an anti-malarial drug to treat acute and complicated malaria fever among patients in West Africa; however, its usage elicits toxicity to several organs of the body. It was elucidated that the combination of selenium and zinc capsules promotes organ wellness on co-treatment with Fansidar.

A Study on the Effect of Samoa Extract (Cleome droserifolia) on Sperm Quality in Male Albino Rats Exposed to Pyrethroid

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Nura I. Al-Zail ◽  
Salah F. Kamies
Keyword(s):  
Sperm Quality ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Protective Agent ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Changes

Pyrethroid cyhalothrin (PC) is an insecticide that is used worldwide for pest control in agriculture and household use. Samoa extract (SE) is a potent antioxidant protecting cells from oxidative stress. The present study investigates the protective and therapeutic effect of SE on PC-induced changes in sperm quality in male rats. Fifty adult male albino rats were divided into five groups: group I: served as control; group II: received PC i.p. only (6.2 mg/kg b.wt.); group III: received SE only (100 mg/kg b.wt., p.o.) for eight weeks; group IV: received SE as a protective agent daily for eight weeks, then followed by the administration of PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks; group V: exposed to PC (i.p.) three times a week for two weeks, then treated with the SE daily for 8 weeks. Results showed that PC caused markedly impaired sperm quality (a count, viability, motility, and abnormality). Compared to PC-treated animals, SE in the protective group markedly restored the alteration of sperm indices. However, SE in the curative group was found to be less effective in restoring PC-induced alterations. In conclusion, the data of this study revealed that the SE as a protective agent is more effective than as a therapeutic agent. Keywords: Samoa; Pyrethroid; Sperm quality; Rat

scholarly journals Selenium supplementation ameliorated paraquat-induced haemotoxicity in male rats

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-21
Keyword(s):  
Group Iv ◽  
Selenium Supplementation ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Haematological Parameters ◽  
Group V ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Haematological Changes

Introduction: The study was aimed at determining the haematological changes induced by 7 days paraquat exposure in rats and the ameliorative effect of selenium. Methods: Fifty-two adult male rats weighing between 150g and 200g were used for the study. The animals re randomly divided into five (5) groups of eight (8) rats each viz: Group I (DW) was administered distilled water only (2 ml/kg), group II (P1) was paraquat 15 mg/kg, group III (P1 + S) was paraquat (15 mg/kg) and selenium (0.3 mg/kg) an hour later, group IV (P2) was paraquat 30 mg/kg, while group V (P2 + S) was paraquat (30 mg/kg) and selenium (0.3 mg/kg) an hour later. Treatments were administered per os by gavage once daily for a week. Blood samples were analysed on the last day of administration. Results: The results of the study revealed that there were no significant differences (p >0.05) in haematological parameters in paraquat-induced toxicity in rats. Significance: The result of this research has shown that 7 days paraquat administration at 15 and 30 mg/kg has no detrimental effect on haematological parameters in rats, thus selenium supplementation cannot be justified to ameliorate its effect.

scholarly journals Acylated and Desacylated Ghrelin, Preptin, Leptin, and Nesfatin-1 Peptide Changes Related to the Body Mass Index

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yusuf Ozkan ◽  
Esra Suay Timurkan ◽  
Suleyman Aydin ◽  
İbrahim Sahin ◽  
Mustafa Timurkan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
The Body ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Significant Drop ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Desacylated Ghrelin

This study examines the levels of acylated and desacylated ghrelin, preptin, leptin, and nesfatin-1 peptide changes related to the body mass index (BMI). The subjects were allocated to 5 groups depending on their BMIs as follows: Group I (BMI <18.5 kg/m2); Group II (BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m2); Group III (BMI 25–29.9 kg/m2); Group IV (BMI 30–39.9 kg/m2); Group V (BMI >40 kg/m2). Serum acylated and desacylated ghrelin, preptin, and leptin levels were measured by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and nesfatin-1 was measured by the enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Desacylated ghrelin levels showed a gradual and statistically significant drop from Group I to Group V, while preptin and leptin levels exhibited a gradual and significant increase from Group I to Group IV. Serum nesfatin-1 levels gradually, but not significantly, increased from Group I to Group III and showed a significant decrease in Groups IV and V. In conclusion, leptin, preptin, and acylated ghrelin (AG) levels increased with higher BMI, whereas desacylated ghrelin (DAG) decreased and nesfatin-1 showed no clear relationship to BMI.

scholarly journals Potensi Tepung Pisang Uter (Musa Acuminata) Sebagai Pangan Fungsional Untuk Menurunkan Kolesterol

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hastin Dyah Kusumawardani ◽  
Yustinus Marsono ◽  
Agnes Murdiati ◽  
Mohamad Samsudin
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Resistant Starch ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Hypocholesterolemic Effect ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Banana Flour

Abstract Cholesterol is needed in certain concentration as to avoid health effects. Efforts to handle hypercholesterolemia can be done by utilizing the content of resistant starch in Uter bananas flour. The aim of this study was to prove the hypocholesterolemic effect of Uter Banana flour in hypercholesterolemic Spraque-Dawlwy rats. Therefore, experimental research using animals to determine the hypocholesterolemic effect of Uter banana flour was carried out for 28 days, in Spraque Dawlwy male rats aged 2 months, weighing ± 200 grams. Rats were divided into 5 treatment groups. Group I was normal rats group, group II was hypercholesterol rats without treatment, group III was hypercholesterol rats with pulp fruit flour diet, group IV was hypercholesterol rats with whole fruit flour diet, group V was hypercholesterol rats with peel fruit flour diet. Each diet contained 100 mg / kgBB. Statistical analysis showed that a diet of pulp fruit flour and whole fruit flour can reduce levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL significantly (p<0.05). Digesta characteristics differed among the treatment group and the hypercholesterolemia group without treatment (p <0.05). The whole fruit flour has ability to lower cholesterol better than pulp fruit flour, whereas, peel fruit flour has no hypocholesterolemic effects. Keywords: hypercholesterolemia, resistant starch, Uter Banana Flou Abstrak Kolesterol dibutuhkan oleh tubuh dalam jumlah tertentu agar tidak membahayakan kesehatan. Upaya penanganan hiperkolesterolemia dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan kandungan pati resisten dalam pisang Uter. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuktikan efek hipokolesterolemik tepung Pisang Uter pada tikus Sprague Dawley hiperkolesterol. Untuk itu penelitian eksperimen dengan hewan coba untuk mengetahui efek hipokolesterolemik tepung pisang Uter dilakukan selama 28 hari, pada tikus Spraque Dawlwy jantan umur 2 bulan, dengan berat ± 200 gram. Tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok I adalah kelompok tikus normal, kelompok II adalah tikus hiperkolesterol tanpa perlakuan, kelompok III tikus hiperkolesterol dengan diet tepung daging buah, kelompok IV adalah tikus hiperkolesterol dengan diet tepung buah utuh, kelompok V adalah tikus hiperkolesterol dengan diet tepung kulit buah, masing-masing diberikan diet 100 mg/kgBB. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa diet tepung daging buah dan tepung buah utuh dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total, trigliserida, dan LDL secara nyata (p<0,05). Karakteristik digesta berbeda antara perlakuan dan kelompok tikus hiperkolesterol tanpa perlakuan (p<0,05).Tepung buah utuh mempunyai kemampuan menurunkan kolesterol lebih baik dibandingkan tepung daging buah. Tepung kulit buah tidak mempunyai efek hipokolesterolemik. Kata kunci: Hiperkolesterol, pati resisten, tepung Pisang Uter

Alcap Delivery Devices and the Sustained Release of Difluoronethylornithine (DFNO) in Vitro and in Vivo Using Male Rats

1987 ◽  
Vol 110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haned A. Benghuzzi ◽  
Praphulla K. Bajpai
Keyword(s):  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Ceramic Implants

AbstractSprague-Dawley albino male rats (25) were divided into five groups consisting of five rats each. Polymer (polylactic acid) impregnated ALCAP capsules filled with 40 mg DFMO were implanted subcutaneously (SC) or intraperitoneally (IP) in Group I and II rats respectively. Rats in Group III were implanted with empty polymer impregnated ALCAP capsules (ALCAP control). Group IV rats were administered orally 3% DFMO in drinking water. Rats in Group V served as controls. Blood samples were collected every week for nine weeks via the tail artery. The concentration of DFNO in the plasma was determined. Data obtained showed that the levels of DFMO in the serum of rats in groups I, I, and IV were 64.71 ±4.08. 219.18 ± 14.48, 16.71 ± 5.21 ug ml−1, respectively at the end of nine weeks. Body weights of the controls and DFMO treated rats were not significantly different (p<0.05). The diarrhea often noted in rats treated orally with DFHO was not observed in rats implanted with ALCAP or ALCAP capsules filled with DFMO. The results of this study suggest that: (1) polymer impregnated ALCAP ceramic implants can be used to deliver DFMO in vivo in a sustained manner for long durations of time, and (2) a ceramic system can be designed to deliver DFNO and drugs such as DFMO in a sustained manner over long durations of time in humans.

scholarly journals The Ideal Time for Iron Administration in Anemia Secondary to Blood Loss—An Experimental Animal Model

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 898
Author(s):  
Mirela Tiglis ◽  
Ileana Peride ◽  
Lucian Cristian Petcu ◽  
Tiberiu Paul Neagu ◽  
Andrei Niculae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Iron Deficiency ◽  
Blood Loss ◽  
Therapeutic Intervention ◽  
Intravenous Iron ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Iron Administration ◽  
Group I

Background: Anemia and iron deficiency are two of the main public health problems worldwide, associated with negative outcomes in surgical patients. This experimental study aimed to create a model of acute iron deficiency with anemia through blood loss and extensive surgery. Afterwards, intravenous iron was administered to correct the iron deficiency and to improve the hematological parameters in distinct moments regarding the surgical time. To assess the optimum time for therapeutic intervention, experimental subjects were compared, performing clinical, paraclinical, and histological examinations, as well. Methods: Male rats (n = 35), aged 11–13 months, were randomly designated into six groups. Anemia and iron deficiency were obtained through a 15% blood volume loss, followed by major surgical intervention (femur fracture and osteosynthesis using Kirschner wire). Therapeutic intervention was obtained with an intravenous ferric carboxymaltose infusion, as follows: group II: intraoperative (n = 7), group III: 48 h after surgery (n = 7), group IV: 48 h before surgery (n = 5), and group V: seven days before surgery (n = 6). Group I (n = 5) was left anemic, while group 0 (n = 5) was nonanemic without therapeutic intervention. Results and Discussion: In group I, serum iron lower than in group 0 (27.04 ± 6.92 μg/dL versus 60.5 ± 2.34 μg/dL), as well as hemoglobin (10.4 ± 0.54 g/dL versus 14.32 ± 2.01 g/dL) and ferritin values (22.52 ± 0.53 ng/mL versus 29.86 ± 3.97 ng/mL), validated the experimental model. Regarding wound healing after surgical trauma, we observed that neovascularization was more significant in group III, followed by group V, with fewer neutrophils, a well-represented and rich in lymphomonocytes inflammatory infiltrate associated with the biggest collagen fiber dimensions. The periosteal reaction and callus area presented thicker trabeculae in groups II and III compared to the anemic group. Conclusions: This original experimental study assessed the effect of perioperative intravenous iron administration at a specific time by comparing the weight, hematological, and iron status-defining parameters, as well as histological characteristics of the included subjects. The present findings highlight that correcting the iron deficiency in emergency settings through intravenous iron administration intraoperatively or 48 h postoperatively could determine the improved bioumoral parameters, as well as a better evolution of the postoperative wound and bone healing compared to the anemic group or subjects that received therapeutic intervention 48 h before surgery.

scholarly journals Role of the vitamin C in diethylnitrosamine-induced esophageal cancer in Wistar rats

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 183-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almino Cardoso Ramos ◽  
Marina Rachel Araujo ◽  
Luiz Roberto Lopes ◽  
Nelson Adami Andreollo
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin C ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Group Vi ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Esophageal Carcinogenesis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the inhibitory effect of vitamin C on the experimental esophageal carcinogenesis induced by diethylnitrosamine (NDEA). METHODS: Sixty Wistar male rats aged three months, with mean weight of 210 g were employed in the study and were divided into four different groups according to the drinking drugs: group I - controls: only water, seven days a week; group II - only vitamin C, seven days a week; group III - NDEA, three days a week and water during the other four days; group IV - NDEA, three days a week and vitamin C during the other four days; group V - NDEA together with vitamin C three days a week, and only water during the other four days and group VI - NDEA together with vitamin C three days a week and vitamin C during the other four days. The dosages of NDEA were: - 10 mg. / Kg / day and vitamin C - 200 mg / animal / day, dissolved in drinking water. The animals were observed during 180 days and after that each one was sacrificed and its esophagus and the stomach were removed together and macro and microscopically analyzed to identify any tumors. RESULTS: The largest number of tumors was observed in the group III: 48 macroscopic lesions (4.8 lesions per animal) and 23 microscopic lesions (2.3 lesions per animal). The groups that received vitamin C (groups IV, V and VI) showed smaller number of tumors: group V - 0.5 macroscopic lesions and 0.3 microscopic lesions per animal and group VI - 0.1 macroscopic lesions and 0.1 microscopic lesions per animal. The incidence of tumors in the groups V and VI showed statistical significance (p<0.05), when compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: The vitamin C administered together with diethylnitrosamine showed an inhibitory effect on the experimental esophageal carcinogenesis in Wistar rats.

The Quantitative Ultrastructure of the Heart Muscle of Japanese Quail by Hypergravitation, Hypodynamy and Combination

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
Anton Bózner ◽  
Mikuláš Gažo ◽  
Jozef Dostál
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Quail ◽  
Heart Muscle ◽  
Relative Size ◽  
Combination Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Space Flights ◽  
Group I ◽  
Quantitative Ultrastructure

It is anticipated that Japanese quail /Coturnix coturnix japonica/ will provide animal proteins in long term space flights. Consequently this species of birds is of research interest of international space program INTERCOSMOS. In the year 1987 we reported on an experiment /2/ in which the effect of chronic acceleration of 2 G hypergravitation, the hypodynamy and the simultaneous effect of chronic acceleration and the location in the centre of the turntable of the centrifuge on the protein fractions in skeletal muscles was studied. The ultrastructure of the heart muscle was now in this experiments examined as well.Japanese quail cockerels, aged 48 days were exposed to 2 G hypergravitation /group IV/ in a 6,4 m diameter centrifuge, to hypodynamy /group III/ and their combination /group V/, respectively for 6 days / Fig.1/. The hypodynamy in group III was achieved by suspending the birds in jackets without contact the floor. The group II was located in the centre ofthe turntable of the centrifuge. The control group I. was kept under normal conditions. The quantitative ultrastructure of myocard was evaluated by the methods of Weibel/3/ - this enables to determine the number, relative size and volume of mitochondria volume of single mitochondria, defficiency of mitochondrial cristae and volume of myofibrils.

scholarly journals Effect of commercially available and experimental potassium oxalate-based dentin desensitizing agents in dentin permeability: influence of time and filtration system

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sérgio Lima Santiago ◽  
José Carlos Pereira ◽  
Ana Christina Bonato Figueiredo Martineli
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Potassium Oxalate ◽  
Group V ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Dentin Permeability ◽  
Group I ◽  
Filtration System ◽  
Desensitizing Agents

This study evaluated the influence of time after application of oxalate solutions in reducing dentin hydraulic conductance. Fifty dentin discs were obtained from extracted human third molars and assigned to 5 groups (n=10), according to the desensitizing agent used: Group I: OxaGel; Group II: experimental agent DD-1: Group III: experimental agent DD-2. In Groups IV and V, a placebo gel and deionized water were used as control, respectively. The agents were applied for 3 min, washed out and the hydraulic conductance was measured immediately and at 5-, 15- and 30-min intervals, and after acid etching. Data were analyzed statistically by two-way ANOVA and Duncan's test at 5% significance level. Groups I, II and III did not differ significantly from each other in any of the time intervals (p>0.05). Likewise, Groups IV and V were statistically similar to each other (p>0.05). The active agents reduced significantly dentin permeability in comparison to control groups (p<0.05). Dentin permeability measured in vitro decreased significantly with time regardless of the agent applied (either active or control agents). The results of Group V, in which no dentin desensitizing agent was employed, indicates that the assessment of dentin permeability by this method must be interpreted with caution.

Effect of amino acid infusion on renal hemodynamics in humans: a dose-response study

1994 ◽  
Vol 267 (5) ◽  
pp. F703-F708 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Giordano ◽  
P. Castellino ◽  
E. L. McConnell ◽  
R. A. DeFronzo
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Renal Hemodynamics ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Group V ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion ◽  
Group I ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Group Ii

We evaluated the dose-response relationship between the plasma amino acid (AA) concentration and renal hemodynamics in eight normal subjects. After an overnight fast, a balanced 10% AA solution was infused for 180 min at five separate infusion rates: 0.5 (group I), 1.0 (group II), 2.0 (group III), 4.0 (group IV), and 6.0 (group V) ml.kg-1.min-1 on separate days. Basal plasma AA concentration was 1.87 +/- 0.1 mmol/l and increased to 2.26 +/- 0.1 (group I), 2.66 +/- 0.2 (group II), 3.79 +/- 0.5 (group III), 5.81 +/- 0.4 (group IV), and 7.41 +/- 0.4 mmol/l (group V). Basal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) averaged 95 +/- 4 and 476 +/- 29 ml.1.73 m-2.min-1, respectively, and rose to 98 +/- 5 and 506 +/- 40 (group I) [P = not significant (NS)], 102 +/- 3 and 533 +/- 30 (group II) (P < 0.05 vs. basal), 110 +/- 4 and 567 +/- 29 (group III), 115 +/- 7 and 610 +/- 55 (group IV), and 117 +/- 7 and 614 +/- 66 ml.1.73 m-2.min-1 (group V) (P = NS vs. group IV). Basal plasma glucagon concentration averaged 68 +/- 10 pg/ml and increased to 74 +/- 10 (group I), 83 +/- 11 (group II) (P < 0.05 vs. basal), 100 +/- 14 (group III), 121 +/- 14 (group IV), and 229 +/- 35 pg/ml (group V) (P < 0.01 vs. basal). Increases in plasma growth hormone (GH) and insulin levels were observed only during groups IV and V.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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