Oral Cancer: Raising Awareness of the Importance of Suspicion in Early Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-12
Author(s):  
Farooq Ahmed ◽  
Honieh Bolooki ◽  
Senathrajah Ariyaratnam ◽  
Michael N. Pemberton
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Verrucous Carcinoma ◽  
Mucosal Lesion ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
Suspicious Lesions

Oral cancer is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this article we present two cases of potentially innocuous looking lesions, initially thought to be traumatic in origin, but later diagnosed as cancer. The first patient presented with a persistent laceration thought to be caused by an accidental shaving injury, which was subsequently diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma. The second patient presented with a hyperplastic mucosal lesion, suspected as forming due to denture-clasp irritation, which was subsequently diagnosed as proliferative verrucous carcinoma. The importance of early detection and palpation of suspicious lesions is emphasised in this article.

Role of Salivary Biomarkers for Early Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-160 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Biological Fluid ◽  
Salivary Biomarkers

ABSTRACT Introduction Oral cancer is a potentially fatal disease, which constitutes an important portion of tumors of the head and neck region. Among head and neck cancers, oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs) constitute 90% of total cancers. Regardless of the fact that the oral cavity is easily accessible to the accumulation of carcinogens, most oral cancers are typically detected at an advanced stage leading to lower survival rate among subjects. Abnormal cellular products elucidated from malignant cells can be detected and measured in various body fluids including saliva, which constitute tumor markers. Saliva, an aqueous biological fluid, is in direct contact with the oral cancer lesion. Hence, the saliva in any stage of oral cancer constitutes abnormal deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), acid (RNA), and protein molecules. Saliva, being a noninvasive diagnostic aid, can be an alternative to serum for early detection, status of chemotherapy regime, and also patient prognosis. This article aims at providing a brief overview of various salivary biomarkers and their implications in oral cancer. How to cite this article Gupta P. Role of Salivary Biomarkers for Early Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Adv Integ Med Sci 2017;2(3):155-160.

Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tissues: A Comprehensive Review for Oral Healthcare Providers

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samer A. Bsoul ◽  
Geza T. Terezhalmy ◽  
Michaell A. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
High Risk Behavior ◽  
Comprehensive Review

Abstract North Americans in 2004 were projected to die from oral and pharyngeal cancer at a rate of 1.2 per hour. Oral healthcare providers can be instrumental in reducing the incidence of oral and pharyngeal premalignant and malignant lesions by identifying patients with high-risk behavior, educating their patients about the consequences of their high-risk behavior, and by early detection of premalignant and malignant conditions. The fact only 34% of the cancers of the oral cavity and larynx are localized at the time of diagnosis and evidence that at least one third of the patients diagnosed with an oral or pharyngeal malignancy have undergone oral cancer screening within the past three years suggests the current protocol for the early detection of pre-malignant or malignant changes appears to be deficient. To facilitate early diagnosis, oral healthcare providers must take into consideration the capriciousness of oral cancer and must be familiar with the availability and application of diagnostic modalities beyond conventional visual inspection and palpation of oral soft tissues. This article provides a comprehensive review of the disease for healthcare professionals. Citation Bsoul SA, Huber MA, Terezhalmy GT. Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Oral Tissues: A Comprehensive Review for Oral Healthcare Providers J Contemp Dent Pract 2005 November;(6)4:001-016.

scholarly journals Clinicopathological evaluation of the lesions of oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 2890
Author(s):  
Himanshu Kumar Mittal ◽  
Dev Raj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Exfoliative Cytology ◽  
Malignant Lesions ◽  
Suspicious Lesions

Background: Early detection of malignancy substantially improves the survival in most head and neck cancers. A simpler and reliable screening method is something that is sought after by every clinician. Hence a clinicopathological study was carried out in the local population to study the pattern of various factors associated with the clinically suspicious lesions of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and the hypopharynx. The role of exfoliative cytology was also evaluated.Methods: Our study, comprised of a total of 50 cases clinically suspicious of being either premalignant or malignant lesions of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and the hypopharynx. All the patients were examined thoroughly and diagnosed clinically. Thereafter they were subjected to both exfoliative cytology and histopathology.Results: A malignant laryngeal lesion was the commonest. clinical diagnosis seen in 68% of the cases. On exfoliative cytology, the commonest finding was squamous cell carcinoma, seen in 34 (68%) cases. On histopathological examination, squamous cell carcinoma was found to be the commonest with 39 (78%) cases. The sensitivity and specificity of exfoliative cytology were observed as 84.6% and 90.90% respectively. The methods of diagnosis applied and their results were found to be significantly associated with a p value of 0.0119 which was <0.05.Conclusions: The commonest cause for the suspicious lesions of the oral cavity, oropharynx, larynx and hypopharynx was squamous cell carcinoma seen in 78% of the cases. Rapid assessment tools like exfoliative cytology can aid in early detection of malignant lesions.

scholarly journals Diagnostic accuracy of toluidine blue in early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-94
Author(s):  
Muhammad Salman Chishty ◽  
Malik Ali Hassan Sajid ◽  
Shoaib - Younus ◽  
Usman Ul Haq
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Toluidine Blue ◽  
Blue Staining ◽  
Study Results

Background: Indian sub-continent (India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh) is one of the high-risk populations for oral cancer cases. Intraoral screening is critical to diagnosis and treating oral cancer at an early stage for a better prognosis. Among the diagnostic adjuncts, toluidine blue staining is considered a simplistic, cost-effective, and highly sensitive method. The objective of the current study was to find out the diagnostic accuracy of toluidine blue in the early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Patients and methods: This prospective observational study was undertaken at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Institute of Dentistry, CMH Lahore Medical College from15-09-2019 to 15-03-2020 after getting approval from IRB.  Based on inclusion criteria, a sample size of 100 was calculated and enrolled in the study. Non-probability convenient sampling technique was utilized. Oral staining of 100 patients was done with 1% toluidine blue on an OPD basis, and incisional biopsies were then performed. Staining pattern and histopathology reports of patients were evaluated to assess the diagnostic accuracy Results: The study results revealed the sensitivity of Toluidine Blue as 89.87%, and specificity of toluidine blue was found as 76.19%. Positive and negative predictive values of Toluidine Blue remained 93.42% and 66.67%, respectively. Conclusion: Toluidine blue has good diagnostic accuracy for early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC).

scholarly journals Early detection of squamous cell carcinoma in carcinogen induced oral cancer rodent model by ratiometric activatable cell penetrating peptides

Oral Oncology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dina V. Hingorani ◽  
Aaron J. Lemieux ◽  
Joseph R. Acevedo ◽  
Heather L. Glasgow ◽  
Suraj Kedarisetty ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Early Detection ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Cell Penetrating Peptides ◽  
Rodent Model ◽  
Cell Penetrating

Zinc α-2 Glycoprotein (ZAG) a Novel Biomarker for the Detection of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehwish Feroz Ali
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Malignant Lesion ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Constant Stimulus ◽  
Dysplastic Lesion ◽  
Cancerous Lesion

Oral cancer, the most challenging and life threatening disease in the field of dentistry, may start as a reactive lesion due to constant stimulus from tobacco consumption, transform into a pre-malignant lesion (dysplastic lesion) and ultimately develop into a cancerous lesion (Invasive carcinoma). There is a fundamental revolution taking place in the analyzing methods; extraction of biological protein from the saliva rather than from tissues or blood. Several of the biomarkers have been studied with pro-carcinogenic effects like Interleukins (ILs), tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and leptin, but only a few have been stated in the literature, which show anti-cancer characteristics like adiponectin and zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein. This review explored the diagnostic and prognostic values of a biomarkers zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein (ZAG) in adults suspected of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). The PubMed, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched for scientific studies reported on the potential mechanism of zinc alpha-2 glycoprotein. All the research articles were selected in which ZAG is applied solely or in conjunction with other biomarkers in oral cancer and other cancers. These literatures were carefully assessed to find out and compile the diagnostic and prognostic values and to inquire therapeutic action of ZAG in the process of carcinogenesis.

scholarly journals Downregulation of ceramide synthase 1 promotes oral cancer through endoplasmic reticulum stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Chen ◽  
Chenzhou Wu ◽  
Yafei Chen ◽  
Yuhao Guo ◽  
Ling Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Migration And Invasion ◽  
Ceramide Synthase

AbstractC18 ceramide plays an important role in the occurrence and development of oral squamous cell carcinoma. However, the function of ceramide synthase 1, a key enzyme in C18 ceramide synthesis, in oral squamous cell carcinoma is still unclear. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between ceramide synthase 1 and oral cancer. In this study, we found that the expression of ceramide synthase 1 was downregulated in oral cancer tissues and cell lines. In a mouse oral squamous cell carcinoma model induced by 4-nitroquinolin-1-oxide, ceramide synthase 1 knockout was associated with the severity of oral malignant transformation. Immunohistochemical studies showed significant upregulation of PCNA, MMP2, MMP9, and BCL2 expression and downregulation of BAX expression in the pathological hyperplastic area. In addition, ceramide synthase 1 knockdown promoted cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in vitro. Overexpression of CERS1 obtained the opposite effect. Ceramide synthase 1 knockdown caused endoplasmic reticulum stress and induced the VEGFA upregulation. Activating transcription factor 4 is responsible for ceramide synthase 1 knockdown caused VEGFA transcriptional upregulation. In addition, mild endoplasmic reticulum stress caused by ceramide synthase 1 knockdown could induce cisplatin resistance. Taken together, our study suggests that ceramide synthase 1 is downregulated in oral cancer and promotes the aggressiveness of oral squamous cell carcinoma and chemotherapeutic drug resistance.

Histopathological spectrum of oral cavity lesions – A tertiary care experience

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 364-368
Author(s):  
Ishani Gupta ◽  
Rekha Rani ◽  
Jyotsna Suri
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Squamous Cell ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Proper Management ◽  
The World ◽  
One Year

Oral cancer is one of a major health problem in some parts of the world especially in the developing countries. Oral cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world whereas in India it is one of the most prevalent cancer. Oral cavity lesions are usually asymptomatic. Accurate diagnosis of the lesion is the first step for the proper management of patients and histopathology is considered as the gold standard. The objective is to study the different patterns of oral cavity lesions seen in a tertiary care hospital of Jammu: One year retrospective study. Post graduate department of pathology.: It was a retrospective study carried out in a tertiary care centre for a period of one year from March 2020 to Feb 2021. 148 cases of oral cavity lesions were included in this study. The parameters that were included in the study were sociodemographic data, site of the lesion, clinical features and histological diagnosis. Data collected was analysed.148 cases of oral lesions were identified during the period of study. The age of patients varied from 5 to 78years and Male to Female ratio was 2.2:1. Buccal mucosa (30%) was the most common site involved which was followed by tonsil (19%). Out of 148 cases 70 cases were malignant, 10 cases pre malignant and 21 cases were benign. Squamous cell carcinoma (33.7%) was the most common lesion present in our study. Oral cavity lesions have a vast spectrum of diseases which range from tumour like lesions to benign and malignant tumours. Our study concluded that squamous cell carcinoma was the most common malignant lesion of oral cavity. Histological typing of the lesion is important for confirmation of malignancy and it is essential for the proper management of the patient.

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