scholarly journals Clinical outcome and risk factors of patients with suspected pneumonia in Southwest district of Ethiopia, 2020: A retrospective study

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 205873922110482
Author(s):  
Mengistu A Sebsibe ◽  
Molla A Kebede ◽  
Yosef H Kazintet ◽  
Bizuayehu T Gosaye ◽  
Addisalem M Teferi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Poor Clinical Outcome ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Management ◽  
Suspected Pneumonia

Acute respiratory infections (ARIs), especially pneumonia, remain the leading cause of childhood mortality and the most common reason for adult hospitalization in low- and middle-income countries, despite advances in preventative and management strategies. This study was conducted to assess factors associated with poor clinical outcome of suspected pneumonia cases among hospitalized patients at the three public health hospitals in Southwest district of Ethiopia. A cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July, 2020. Those patients admitted with suspected pneumonia were followed up during their hospital stay, and data on outcomes were captured by study nurses. Socio-demographics, clinical features, and follow-up data were gathered, and analyzed using SPSS versions 20.0. The differences in patients’ outcome in relation to their clinical features and epidemiologically linked exposures were described and compared using chi-square tests at 95% confident intervals. In this study, 742 patients with suspected pneumonia were analyzed. Of these, 473 (62.8%) of them were male, and 264 (35.6%) were of age 1–4 years. About 533 (71.8%) patients with suspected pneumonia were presented with irregular respiratory signs/symptoms (more than one symptoms) and 132 (17.9%) had underline illnesses. About 633 (85.4%) of patients were improved after treatment, and 109 (14.7%) of them ended with poor clinical outcome after completion of their treatment. Age of the patients and presence of comorbid conditions such as HIV/AIDS infections and bronchial asthma were identified as the risk factors for poor outcome of patients with suspected pneumonia. The clinical outcome of patients with suspected pneumonia at the three hospitals in Southwest district of Ethiopia was not satisfactory. Our findings highlight that in order to reduce poor clinical outcome related to suspected pneumonia, the efforts should be focused on some factors like management and prevention of chronic comorbidities. Increasing clinicians’ awareness on early management of suspected pneumonia cases is also essential in reducing the burden of the disease .

scholarly journals Microbial signatures in the lower airways of mechanically ventilated COVID19 patients associated with poor clinical outcome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Sulaiman ◽  
Matthew Chung ◽  
Luis Angel ◽  
Jun-Chieh J. Tsay ◽  
Benjamin G. Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Poor Clinical Outcome ◽  
Lower Airways

AbstractMortality among patients with COVID-19 and respiratory failure is high and there are no known lower airway biomarkers that predict clinical outcome. We investigated whether bacterial respiratory infections and viral load were associated with poor clinical outcome and host immune tone. We obtained bacterial and fungal culture data from 589 critically ill subjects with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation. On a subset of the subjects that underwent bronchoscopy, we also quantified SARS-CoV-2 viral load, analyzed the microbiome of the lower airways by metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses and profiled the host immune response. We found that isolation of a hospital-acquired respiratory pathogen was not associated with fatal outcome. However, poor clinical outcome was associated with enrichment of the lower airway microbiota with an oral commensal (Mycoplasma salivarium), while high SARS-CoV-2 viral burden, poor anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, together with a unique host transcriptome profile of the lower airways were most predictive of mortality. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that 1) the extent of viral infectivity drives mortality in severe COVID-19, and therefore 2) clinical management strategies targeting viral replication and host responses to SARS-CoV-2 should be prioritized.

scholarly journals Microbial signatures in the lower airways of mechanically ventilated COVID19 patients associated with poor clinical outcome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imran Sulaiman ◽  
Matthew Chung ◽  
Luis Angel ◽  
Sergei Koralov ◽  
Benjamin Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Fatal Outcome ◽  
Respiratory Pathogen ◽  
Lower Airway ◽  
Fungal Culture ◽  
Poor Clinical Outcome ◽  
Lower Airways

Abstract Mortality among patients with COVID-19 and respiratory failure is high and there are no known lower airway biomarkers that predict clinical outcome. We investigated whether bacterial respiratory infections and viral load were associated with poor clinical outcome and host immune tone. We obtained bacterial and fungal culture data from 589 critically ill subjects with COVID-19 requiring mechanical ventilation. On a subset of the subjects that underwent bronchoscopy, we also quantified SARS-CoV-2 viral load, analyzed the microbiome of the lower airways by metagenome and metatranscriptome analyses and profiled the host immune response. We found that isolation of a hospital-acquired respiratory pathogen was not associated with fatal outcome. However, poor clinical outcome was associated with enrichment of the lower airway microbiota with an oral commensal (Mycoplasma salivarium), while high SARS-CoV-2 viral burden, poor anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody response, together with a unique host transcriptome profile of the lower airways were most predictive of mortality. Collectively, these data support the hypothesis that 1) the extent of viral infectivity drives mortality in severe COVID-19, and therefore 2) clinical management strategies targeting viral replication and host responses to SARS-CoV-2 should be prioritized.

scholarly journals Knowledge of breast cancer among medical students in Syrian Private University, Syria: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hlma Ismail ◽  
Mosa Shibani ◽  
Hanaa Wael Zahrawi ◽  
Ali Fouad Slitin ◽  
Mhd Amin Alzabibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Clinical Features ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Private University ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
General Information ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional

Abstract Background Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and the second leading cause of cancer death globally. Since early diagnosis is crucial to reducing mortality, high levels of knowledge regarding general information, risk factors, and symptoms are required among healthcare professionals to deliver breast cancer care. This study aimed to determine Syrian medical students’ knowledge about breast cancer in the fields of general knowledge, common clinical features, and risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Syrian Private University in October 2019 (Breast Cancer Awareness Month), Damascus, during the Syrian war crisis. Data were collected through self-administered surveys and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25.0 (SPSS Inc., United States). The chi-square test was applied to assess the relationship between the level of knowledge and gender. One way analysis of variance was performed to assess the overall differences in mean knowledge score by study year, GPA, mother’s education, and source of information. Unpaired Student’s T-test was used to analyze the differences in mean knowledge scores (continuous variable) based on smoking status and alcohol consumption. Results Of 320 students, 301 completed the questionnaire (response rate = 94.0%), of which 179(59.5%) were males. The study revealed above-average knowledge scores (total mean = 68.4%) regarding breast cancer, general information (71.9%), common clinical features (71.6%), and risk factors (71.6%). Clinical students (4th, 5th, and 6th years) scored higher compared with pre-clinical students (1st, 2nd, and 3rd years). Conclusion This study showed above-average knowledge scores regarding breast cancer. More efforts to correct misinformation, through reassessing the university curriculum and promoting awareness about breast cancer are required.

scholarly journals Schizophrenic patients’ cognitive functions in relation to their metabolic profile: a cross-sectional, comparative study on an Egyptian sample

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalia Hegazy Ali ◽  
Doha Mostafa Elserafi ◽  
Marwa Abdel Rahman Soltan ◽  
Mohamed Fikry Eissa ◽  
Hanan Ahmed Zein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Abilities ◽  
Metabolic Profile ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Outpatient Services ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Early Management

Abstract Background Patients with schizophrenia suffer from diffuse cognitive impairment and high prevalence of cardiovascular metabolic risks, associated with poor clinical outcomes. We aimed in this study to test the presence of cognitive impairment in a sample of patients with schizophrenia, and evaluate its possible relations to patients’ metabolic profile. We recruited forty patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and their matched controls from the inpatient departments and outpatient services from January to December 2016. Schizophrenia diagnosis was confirmed by the ICD10 criteria checklist. Symptoms profile and severity were assessed by the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. Cognitive profile was assessed through (1) Trail Making Test, Parts A and B and (2) Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Visual Reproduction Test. Metabolic profile was assessed by measuring the body mass index, fasting blood glucose, and lipid profile. SPSS (V. 22.0, IBM Corp., USA, 2013) was used for data analysis. Results The patients group had a significantly higher means in the speed of processing, executive function, attention, and working memory scores on TMT-A (p = 0.0), TMT-B (p = 0.00), and WMS-R (p = 0.029) and significantly higher FBG levels (p = 0.00). Correlation studies showed that the increase in patients’ age, illness duration, treatments, number of hospitalizations, number of episodes and of ECT sessions received, symptoms severity, and deficits in cognitive function scores was associated with higher BMI and FBG. Conclusions Patients with schizophrenia have a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment and vascular risk factors than the general population. Close monitoring and early management of these risk factors can promote better cognitive abilities and overall functions.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Acute Respiratory Infections (ARI) Among Under-five Children in Bangladesh

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazi Md. Abul Kalam Azad
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Adolescent Mothers ◽  
Home Visiting ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Childhood Mortality ◽  
Acute Respiratory Infections ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity

Acute respiratory infection (ARI) is a major cause of childhood mortality and morbidity in Bangladesh. The aim of this study is to identify the significant risk factors for ARI in children less than five years of age. The data in this study comes from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BDHS) 2004. In this study, a child was considered as having experienced ARI if she or he had cough in the last two weeks preceding the survey with any one of the three symptoms of short but rapid breathing, difficulty of breathing or labored inspiration. Logistic regression was used on various independent variables to find the risk factors. Results showed that child's age, sex, body weight and Vitamin A deficiency were correlated with prevalence of ARI. Additionally mother's characteristics like age, malnutrition, education level, and family's socio-economic status were found to be associated. Recommendations include more specific knowledge of ARI to adolescent mothers from the lowest wealth quintile. A community service which could include home visiting for health education, supplementation of vitamin A, and advice would be an advantage if provided for poor or teenaged pregnant women. This in turn would reduce low birth weight incidence, and subsequently reduce incidence of ARI among these children.Keywords: Acute respiratory infections (ARI); Risk factors; Infant; Child under 5 years; Bangladesh.© 2009 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237(Print); 2037-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.DOI: 10.3329/jsr.v1i1.1055

scholarly journals Social contacts and other risk factors for respiratory infections among internally displaced people in Somaliland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin van Zandvoort ◽  
Mohamed Omer Bobe ◽  
Abdirahman Ibrahim Hassan ◽  
Mohamed Ismail Abdi ◽  
Mohamed Saed Ahmed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Physical Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Internally Displaced ◽  
Internally Displaced People ◽  
Social Mixing ◽  
Displaced People

Background Populations affected by humanitarian crises experience high burdens of acute respiratory infections (ARI), potentially driven by risk factors for severe disease such as poor nutrition and underlying conditions, and risk factors that may increase transmission such as overcrowding and the possibility of high social mixing. However, little is known about social mixing patterns in these populations. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional social contact survey among internally displaced people (IDP) living in Digaale, a permanent IDP camp in Somaliland. We included questions on household demographics, shelter quality, crowding, travel frequency, health status, and recent diagnosis of pneumonia, and assessed anthropometric status in children. We calculated age-standardised social contact matrices to assess population mixing, and conducted regression analysis on risk factors for recent self-reported pneumonia. Results We found crowded households with high proportions of recent self-reported pneumonia (46% in children). 20% of children younger than five are stunted, and crude death rates are high in all age groups. ARI risk factors are common, but we did not find any significant associations with self-reported pneumonia. Participants reported around 10 direct contacts per day. Social contact patterns are assortative by age, and physical contact rates are very high (78%). Conclusions ARI risk factors are very common in this population, while the large degree of contacts that involve physical touch could further increase transmission. Such IDP settings potentially present a perfect storm of risk factors for ARIs and their transmission, and innovative approaches to address such risks are urgently needed.

scholarly journals Awareness About Oral Cancer Among Dental Students

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 892-895
Author(s):  
Nishanthi R ◽  
Ashok Velayudhan ◽  
Dhanraj Ganapathy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Oral Cancer ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Dental Students ◽  
Cancer Knowledge ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Self Administered Questionnaire

Oral cancer affects people in the 6th and seventh many years of existence with a background marked by smoking tobacco and, or liquor utilization. Early acknowledgement and referral are basic as less treatment is required to decrease mortality and morbidity. Past examinations have demonstrated that oral cancer can be quiet in symptoms with attention to primal signs being increasingly advantageous in diagnosis. To assessing oral cancer knowledge and awareness among undergraduate dental studentsA cross-sectional survey was done with a self-administered questionnaire with 10 questions circulated among 100 dental students. The questionnaire assessed the awareness about oral cancer, their risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management strategies. The responses were recorded and analysed. 96 % of dental students were aware of oral cancer.95% said smoking and tobacco-related products are the major risk factors of oral cancer.85% were aware of clinical manifestation of oral cancer.71% were aware of the diagnosis of oral cancer and 65% were aware of management strategies for oral cancer.Greater part of the responders in this investigation had satisfactory information about clinical indications of oral cancer. Efforts ought to be made to develop inspirational disposition towards avoidance of oral cancer. There is a necessity to present instructions on counteraction, early referral and demonstrative techniques for oral cancer.

scholarly journals Risk Factors of Acute Respiratory Infections in Children under Five Years Attending the Fishtail Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-79
Author(s):  
R. Koirala
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Indoor Air Pollution ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
Peak Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Children Under Five ◽  
Under Five

 Introduction: Acute Respiratory Infection (ARI) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in under five-year children. Risk factors include age, sex, socio‐economic status, indoor air pollution, passive smoking, lack of basic health services, and lack of awareness. In this study, we aimed to determine the associated risk factors of ARI in children under five-years of age. Methods: We carried out a hospital-based descriptive cross-sectional study in the peak period of of November 2017 to February 2018. The study was conducted in Fishtail Hospital and Research Center (FHRC), Pokhara, Nepal. Non probability, purposive sampling technique was used and a structural interview was taken for data collection. The tool comprised of two main parts. Part I- questions related to socio-demographic variables of mother and baby. Part II- questions related to risk factors of ARI. The collected data was analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software, version 16. The Chi Square statistic is used for testing relationships between categorical variables. Results: In total of 302 children visited to FHRC with the symptoms of ARI, only 188 (63%) were diagnosed as ARI. The most common symptoms were fever (42.2%), cough (35.7%), running nose (34.1%), difficulty in breathing (28.5%) and chest in drawing (11.6%). The age of children with ARI ranged from one to sixty month with the mean age of 21.46 ±13.52. Among 188 children, 51% were males whereas 49%were females. There were no statistically differences of children weight at birth among ARI. Our results revealed environmental and social factors associated with ARI. Conclusions: The risk factors significantly associated with ARI were malnutrition, exposure to wood smoke and mosquito coil and contact with person having ARI. Reducing these conditions may reduce the morbidity and mortality associated with ARI in children.

scholarly journals Prevalence of gastroenteritis among 4-year-old children in South Australia

2003 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. HEYWORTH ◽  
P. BAGHURST ◽  
K. A. McCAUL
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Symptoms ◽  
School Health ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Medical Attention ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of gastroenteritis among children aged 4 years in South Australia. A cross-sectional survey of 9543 South Australian children aged 4 years was undertaken. Parents completed a questionnaire on behalf of their child who had attended a pre-school health check in 1998. The questionnaire covered gastrointestinal and respiratory symptoms experienced by the child in the previous 2 weeks and other risk factors for gastroenteritis. The 2-week prevalence of gastroenteritis among 4-year-old children was 14·2%. The major risk factors for gastroenteritis were presence of persons who had gastroenteritis inside the home, contact with persons who had gastroenteritis outside the home, antibiotic use and sore throat. Medical attention was sought for 20% of children who had gastroenteritis. Gastroenteritis is a significant cause of morbidity among young children and presents a considerable burden on the community. A substantial proportion of these occurrences of highly credible gastrointestinal symptoms may be manifestations of respiratory infections.

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