scholarly journals Nitric oxide synthase-2 (CCTTT)n polymorphism is associated with local gene expression and clinical manifestations in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 205873922110529
Author(s):  
Kota Takemoto ◽  
Sachio Takeno ◽  
Takashi Ishino ◽  
Tsutomu Ueda ◽  
Takao Hamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Recurrence Risk ◽  
Ethmoid Sinus ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Repeat Polymorphism ◽  
Significant Difference

Introduction Nitric oxide (NO) is synthesized through NO synthase (NOS). The proximal NOS2 gene promoter contains the pentanucleotide CCTTT repeat polymorphism. We examined whether CCTTT repeats are associated with NOS2 expression in the sinonasal tissues and clinical manifestations in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. Methods Mucosal specimens were obtained from the ethmoid sinus and inferior turbinate of 30 eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis (ECRS) and 28 non-ECRS patients. CCTTT repeats were classified into short alleles (S), with less than or equal to 14, and long alleles (L), with more than 14. The subjects were classified into the L/S + L/L and S/S groups. Results In ECRS, the NOS2 mRNA levels of the ethmoid sinus mucosa were significantly higher in the L/S + L/L group than in the S/S group (median, 1.66 and 0.77, respectively). On the ther hand, ECRS patients showed no significant difference in the NOS2 mRNA level of the inferior turbinate between the L/S + L/L group and the S/S group (median, 0.63 and 0.88, respectively). In ECRS, preoperative SNOT-22 were significantly higher in the L/S + L/L group than in the S/S group, whereas the former group showed a lower postoperative recurrence risk. Conclusion CCTTT repeat polymorphism in the NOS2 promotor gene may be a useful indicator to evaluate ECRS severity and prognosis.

scholarly journals Arginase Isoform Expression in Chronic Rhinosinusitis

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Vlad ◽  
Silviu Albu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Endoscopic View ◽  
Important Regulator ◽  
Arginase I

Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an important regulator of upper airway inflammation, mainly as part of the local naso-sinusal defense mechanisms. Increased arginase activity can reduce NO levels by decreasing the availability of its precursor, L-arginine. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has been associated with low levels of nasal nitric oxide (nNO). Thus, the present study investigates the activity of arginase I (ARG1) and II (ARG2) in CRS and its possible involvement in the pathogenesis of this disease. Under endoscopic view, tissue samples of pathologic (n = 36) and normal (n = 29) rhinosinusal mucosa were collected. Arginase I and II mRNA levels were measured using real-time PCR. Our results showed low arginase I activity in all samples. The levels of ARG2 were significantly higher in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis compared to the control group (fold regulation (FR) 2.22 ± 0.42 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.016). Increased ARG2 expression was found in patients with CRS without nasal polyposis (FR 3.14 ± 1.16 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.0175), in non-allergic CRS (FR 2.55 ± 0.52 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.005), and non-asthmatic CRS (FR 2.42 ± 0.57 vs. 1.31 ± 0.21, p = 0.028). These findings suggest that the upregulation of ARG2 may play a role in the pathology of a distinctive phenotype of CRS.

Increased NOX1 and DOUX2 Expression in the Colonic Mucosa of Patients with Chronic Functional Constipation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiuqin Wei ◽  
Chunbo Kang ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Mengqiao Zhang ◽  
Mei Xue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nadph Oxidase ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Functional Constipation ◽  
Inflammatory Cells ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control ◽  
Colonic Biopsies

Abstract Aim To determine whether oxidative stress and inflammation are associated with constipation by examining the expression of the main producers of reactive oxygen species, NADPH oxidases, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in the colon of patients with chronic functional constipation. Methods The colonic biopsies were collected from 32 patients with chronic functional constipation and 30 healthy subjects who underwent colonoscopy. Colonic mucosal histology was observed. IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 mRNA, and four members of NADPH oxidase (NOX1, NOX2, DOUX2 and NOX4) protein and mRNA were assessed by immunohistochemistry, western blotting and RT-PCR. Results The tissues from both patients and healthy subjects showed normal histological structure without increase of inflammatory cells. NOX1 protein and mRNA levels were significantly increased compared to controls (P<0.05). DOUX2 protein, but not mRNA, was increased by twofold compared to controls (P<0.05). The levels of NOX2 and NOX4 protein and mRNA demonstrated no significant difference between patients and control subjects. The levels of IL-1β and IL-6 mRNA were significantly higher in constipation patients (P<0.05), while IL-8 mRNA level was no different between the two groups. Conclusion NADPH oxidase and pro-inflammatory cytokine might be involved in the pathogeneses of chronic functional constipation.

scholarly journals Immune Imbalance in Nasal Polyps of Caucasian Chronic Rhinosinusitis Patients Is Associated with a Downregulation of E-Selectin

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Könnecke ◽  
Robert Böscke ◽  
Anja Waldmann ◽  
Karl-Ludwig Bruchhage ◽  
Robert Linke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Essential Role ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Inferior Turbinate ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Immune Imbalance ◽  
Protein Expression Profiles

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) in Caucasians is a chronic Th2 inflammatory disease of the nasal and paranasal mucosa and the recruitment of leukocytes to the site of inflammation is poorly understood. We studied mRNA and protein expression profiles of adhesion molecules in nasal polyp and associated inferior turbinate tissues using molecular, biochemical, and immunohistological methods. Analysis showed a strongly decreased E-selectin expression in nasal polyps with a significant difference between eosinophil and neutrophil counts in nasal polyps and balanced counts in inferior turbinates. E-selectin expression is known to be downregulated in a Th2 milieu and has an essential role in immunosurveillance by locally activating neutrophil arrest and migratory function. A downregulation of E-selectin may come along with an immune imbalance in Caucasian nasal polyps due to a significant inhibition of neutrophil recruitment. Therefore, we suggest that an upregulation of E-selectin and the associated influx of neutrophils may play a significant role in the resolution of inflammation as well as for the pathophysiology of nasal polyps of Caucasian chronic rhinosinusitis patients.

scholarly journals Temporal and Spatial Expression Characteristics of MiR-155 and Rheb/mTOR Signaling Pathway in Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury of Rats

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-E Yan ◽  
Xu-Rong Zhu ◽  
Fang He ◽  
Jing Xiong ◽  
Ye Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Mtor Pathway ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ischemic Core ◽  
Expression Characteristics

Abstract Backgrouds: Stroke is the second most prevalent cause of death and the first cause of longterm disability worldwide. Inhibition of miR-155 was found playing a protective role in ischemic stroke, one possible mechanism was regulating Ras-homolog enriched in brain (Rheb)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. For possible specific intervention strategy, further exploring the expression characteristics of miR-155 and mRNAs of the Rheb/mTOR pathway in ischemic stroke is neccesary. Results: Our results demonstrated that the infarction volume decreased with the prolongation of the reperfusion in the MCAO/R model rats (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the miR155 expression obviously increased in both the ischemic core and the ischemic penumbra (IP) area of the model rats, but this trend weakened as the reperfusion time increased. Besides, the expression of mRNAs of Rheb, mTOR, S6kb1, and 4Ebp1 seemed to increase in both the ischemic core and the IP area of the model rats.Interestingly, the mRNA level of S6kb1 obviously increased of all model groups in both the ischemic core and the IP area (P < 0.05),while the mRNA levels of Rheb, mTOR, and 4Ebp1 increased in the first 24 h and rapidly decreased after 48 h and as a result, a statistically significant difference was found only in the 48-h group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: Along with the shrinked infarct volume, the levels of miR-155 decreased and the S6kb1 mRNA level increased as the leghtening of re-perfusion, as to the mRNA levels of Rheb, mTOR, and 4Ebp1,statistical significance was found only in the 48-h group. Unexpectedly, there was no difference between the ischemic core and the IP area for all the above molecules.Indicating that intervention measures targeting to miR155 should be taken systemicly as early as possible after stroke onset,especially within the early 48 hours.

scholarly journals Diagnostic and treatment algorithm for different phenotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
E L Savlevich ◽  
M E Dyneva ◽  
L E Gaganov ◽  
V I Egorov ◽  
A N Gerasimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Allergic Asthma ◽  
Chronic Rhinosinusitis ◽  
Nasal Polyps ◽  
Treatment Algorithm ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Biomarkers ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Asthma Group

Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) may vary in clinical manifestations and can often be associated with a number of comorbid diseases. For a practitioner it is important to forecast the development of the disease, evaluate the risk of relapse and select the most efficient method of treatment in each clinical case. At present, there are no standardized and validated diagnostic biomarkers that could be used as predictors of CRSwNP clinical course. Purpose of the study: to develop diagnostic and treatment algorithm for varies CRSwNP phenotypes based on clinical and laboratory parameters. Materials and methods, CRSwNP patients were split into 3 groups: group 1 - CRSwNP without allergy and asthma; group 2 - CRSwNP with allergic rhinitis and/or allergic asthma; group 3 - CRSwNP with non-allergic asthma. All patients were subjected to nasal cavity endoscopy and nasal polyps biopsy, allergological examination, histological analysis of polyp stroma to detect the leukocytes infiltration and eosinophil-neutrophil index (ENI). Results, CRSwNP phenotypes show significant difference in clinical manifestations of rhinosinusitis (p

Aligned Expression of IFI16 and STING Genes in RRMS Patients’ Blood

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 878-886
Author(s):  
Sobhan Helbi ◽  
Behnam Ravanbakhsh ◽  
Mohammad Karimi ◽  
Wesam Kooti ◽  
Nahid Jivad
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Level ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Type I ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Dna Sensing ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease of the central nervous system. The most common disease phenotype is Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS). Beta interferons are the first line of RRMS patients’ treatment. Interferon-inducible protein 16 (IFI16) as a DNA sensing molecule and its downstream complex stimulator of interferon genes (STING) play a critical role in the activation of type I interferons. Hence we aimed to evaluate the expression rate of IFI16 and STING in RRMS patients’ blood under a different type of IFNβ treatment. Methods: In the present study, 99 individuals participated. The participants were divided into 4 groups: 28 control subjects, 25 new cases of RRMS patients, 25 RRMS patients treated with IFNβ-1a (B1a), 21 RRMS patients treated with IFNβ-1b (B1b). The EDTA-treated blood samples were taken and transferred at standard conditions to the Cellular and Molecular Research Center of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, RNA was extracted and converted into cDNA. To evaluate the expression of IFI16 and STING, the Real-Time PCR method using SYBR Green/ROX qPCR master mix was performed done. The level of genes expression was measured using 2–ΔΔCt method. The obtained data were analyzed using SPSS v22 software. Results: Comparison of the IFI and STING mRNA expression in blood samples in association with gender and age showed no significant differences (p>0.05). Also, the evaluation of IFI16 mRNA level revealed that the IFI16 genes’ expressions were remarkably higher in the new case group compared to the control group, however, STING expression did not show any significant difference. The mRNA levels of IFI16 and STING in IFNβ-treated groups were significantly lower than the new case group (p<0.001). Also, the genes’ expressions in both the IFNβ-treated groups were significantly lower compared to the control group (p<0.001). In the assessment of the correlation of IFI16 and STING expressions with age and sex in different research groups, no statistically significant differences were seen (p>0.05). Conclusion: Perhaps the IFNβ therapy decreases the IFI16 and STING expression in a STINGdependent pathway as a negative feedback mechanism for regulation of the immune system and suppression of pro-inflammatory cytokines production. The important role of DNA sensing molecules and STING-dependent pathway in MS gives a new insight into future treatment based on STING-direct therapies.

scholarly journals Expression of inhibin alpha in adrenocortical tumours reflects the hormonal status of the neoplasm

2000 ◽  
Vol 165 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Arola ◽  
J Liu ◽  
P Heikkila ◽  
V Ilvesmaki ◽  
K Salmenkivi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Level ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Alpha Subunit ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Adrenal Androgen ◽  
Median Percentage ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adrenocortical Tumours ◽  
Subunit Expression ◽  
Adrenocortical Carcinomas

Inhibins are gonadal glycoprotein hormones whose main endocrine function is to inhibit pituitary FSH secretion. In addition to testes and ovaries, other steroid-producing organs are sites of inhibin alpha subunit expression. To study the role of inhibins in human adrenal gland, we screened a panel of 150 adrenals (10 normal adrenals, 25 adrenocortical hyperplasias, 65 adrenocortical adenomas, 30 adrenocortical carcinomas and 20 phaeochromocytomas) for inhibin alpha expression. mRNA levels of inhibin alpha subunit were studied in 57 samples and all tissues were stained immunohistochemically with an inhibin alpha subunit-specific antibody. Inhibin alpha mRNA was detected in all adrenocortical tissues. Virilizing adenomas possessed a 10-fold higher median inhibin alpha mRNA expression than did normal adrenals. Bilaterally and nodularly hyperplastic adrenals and other than virilizing adrenocortical tumours had their median inhibin alpha mRNA levels close to those of normal adrenals. Immunohistochemically, inhibin alpha subunit was detectable in all normal and hyperplastic adrenals, as well as in 73% of the adrenocortical tumours. However, the percentage of inhibin alpha-positive cells varied greatly in different tumour types. The median percentage of positive cells was 10 in non-functional and Conn's adenomas, 30 in Cushing's adenomas and 75 in virilizing adenomas. In malignant adrenocortical tumours the median percentage of inhibin alpha-immunopositive cells was 20 in non-functional carcinomas, 30 in Conn's carcinomas, 65 in Cushing's carcinomas and 75 in virilizing carcinomas. All phaeochromocytomas were negative for inhibin alpha subunit both at the mRNA level and immunohistochemically. Our data show that inhibin alpha subunit is highly expressed in both normal and neoplastic androgen-producing adrenocortical cells, with less expression in cortisol-producing and hardly any in aldosterone-producing cells. This suggests a specific role for inhibins in the regulation of adrenal androgen production. We did not find any significant difference in inhibin alpha expression between benign and malignant adrenocortical tumours. Thus inhibin alpha gene does not seem to have a tumour suppressor role in human adrenal cortex.

scholarly journals mRNA Expression of CYP2E1, CYP2A19, CYP1A2, HSD3B, SULT1A1 and SULT2A1 genes in surgically castrated, immunologically castrated, entire male and female pigs and correlation with androstenone, skatole, indole and Improvac-specific antibody levels

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 89-97
Author(s):  
A. Kubešová ◽  
K. Šťastný ◽  
M. Faldyna ◽  
Z. Sládek ◽  
I. Steinhauserová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Large White ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Entire Male

This study aimed to obtain a comprehensive look at the influence of castration on mRNA expression of the genes CYP2E1, CYP1A2, CYP2A19, HSD3B, SULT2A1 and SULT1A1 and their correlation with boar taint compounds (androstenone, skatole and indole) and Improvac-specific antibodies in a Czech commercial hybrid (Large White × Landrace (sow) × Duroc (boar)). Pigs were divided into groups of entire male pigs (NC), pigs castrated surgically (SC), pigs immunologically castrated and slaughtered 8 weeks (IM8) or 15 weeks (IM15) after the second dose of Improvac, and gilts (GI). Hepatic mRNA expression, measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, differed significantly between the control group (entire male pigs) and all groups of interest for CYP2E1, CYP1A2 and CYP2A19. The mRNA level of the HSD3B gene differed significantly between the control group and the IM8, IM15 and GI groups. SULT1A1 gene expression was significantly different between the control group and the SC, IM8 and GI. In the case of SULT2A1, a significant difference was observed only between the control group and IM8 pigs. For all genes and treatment groups described above, expression was increased relative to the control. Significant differences for Improvac-specific antibodies between IM8 and IM15 groups were observed, indicating decrease of antibodies over time. Moreover, negative correlations between androstenone and mRNA levels of CYP2A19, CYP2E1 and SULT1A1 suggest that gene expression is suppressed.

Role of tissue renin angiotensin system in two-kidney, one-clip hypertensive rats

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (3) ◽  
pp. F510-F514
Author(s):  
R. Morishita ◽  
J. Higaki ◽  
H. Okunishi ◽  
F. Nakamura ◽  
M. Nagano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Level ◽  
Renin Angiotensin System ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Angiotensin System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Renin Mrna ◽  
The Brain

To investigate the molecular pathology of two-kidney, one-clip (2K-1C) rats, we examined the gene expressions of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and angiotensin II (ANG II) concentration in various tissues in the early (4 wk) and chronic (16 wk) phases of hypertension. Four weeks after clipping, the brain renin mRNA level was lower in 2K-1C rats than in control rats (P < 0.05). On the other hand, the levels of brain and renal angiotensinogen mRNA were not significantly different in the two groups. The brain and adrenal ANG II concentrations were significantly higher in 2K-1C rats than in control rats. Sixteen weeks after clipping, there was no significant difference in the brain renin mRNA levels in the two groups, and renal and brain angiotensinogen mRNA levels were normal. Moreover, the ANG II concentrations in the adrenals and brain (except the cortex) of 2K-1C rats were not significantly higher than those in control rats. These results show a differential pattern of tissue RAS gene expression in rats during the development of 2K-1C hypertension, which is regulated in a tissue-specific manner. Furthermore, the data suggest that brain ANG II may be affected by circulating ANG II, but not by the brain renin angiotensin system, and may regulate brain renin, probably by negative feedback through its own receptor.

Effect of carbon source, growth and temperature on the expression of thesecgenes ofStreptomyces lividans1326

1999 ◽  
Vol 45 (12) ◽  
pp. 1043-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolf Morosoli ◽  
Stéphane Ostiguy ◽  
Claude Dupont
Keyword(s):  
Stationary Phase ◽  
Glucose Repression ◽  
Mrna Level ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Streptomyces Lividans ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Late Stationary Phase ◽  
Glucose Effect ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Gene Mrna

The mRNA level in sec genes of Streptomyces lividans was studied as a function of growth temperature, glucose effect, and growth using two different carbon sources. Glucose and xylan, a complex hemicellulose, were used as carbon sources for the growth of S. lividans. For both substrates, the mRNA levels of secA, secD, secE, secF, and secY genes were almost constant during the early and log phases, but showed a marked decrease at the beginning of the stationary phase followed by a full recovery of mRNA level in the late stationary phase. This indicates that the sec genes are actively transcribed during the differentiation process. The mRNA level in xylan was generally from 1.5- to 2-fold that in glucose. At growth temperatures of 28°C, 34°C, or 40°C, there was no significant difference in the sec gene mRNA levels.Key words: Streptomyces lividans, sec genes, glucose repression, growth-phase dependent expression.

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