scholarly journals Silybum marianum: Beyond Hepatoprotection

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 292-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmood Bahmani ◽  
Hedayatollah Shirzad ◽  
Samira Rafieian ◽  
Mahmoud Rafieian-Kopaei
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Cell Permeability ◽  
Silybum Marianum ◽  
Renal Protection ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Membrane Stabilizer ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Stimulation Of

Silybum marianum is a medicinal plant that has long been used as hepatoprotective remedy. It has been used for the treatment of numerous liver disorders characterized by functional impairment or degenerative necrosis. Its hepatoprotective activity is unique and acts in different ways, including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, cell permeability regulator and membrane stabilizer, stimulation of liver regeneration and inhibition of deposition in collagen fibers, which may lead to cirrhosis. Most of documented data with Silybum marianum are about liver disorders; however, recently several beneficial properties on a wide variety of other disorders such as renal protection, hypolipidemic and anti-atherosclerosis activities, cardiovascular protection, prevention of insulin resistance, especially in cirrhotic patients, cancer, and Alzheimer prevention. It is also used as a food remedy. This review article aims to present different aspects of Silybum marianum, especially the data in recently published articles about its effects on different diseases, apart from presenting the aspects of its hepatoprotection.

scholarly journals Correlation of serum betatrophin levels with disease severity and the emergence of insulin resistance in cirrhotic patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Magdy Salama ◽  
Walaa Ahmed Kabiel ◽  
Silvia Shoukry Hana ◽  
Ghada Abdelrahman Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

scholarly journals Evaluation of Peripheral Blood Neutrophil Functions after an Oral Carbohydrate Overload in Obese and Insulin Resistant Horses

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constanza Salinas ◽  
Gabriel Espinosa ◽  
Natalia Morales ◽  
Claudio Henriquez ◽  
Gabriel Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Oxidative Burst ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Phagocytic Capacity ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Peripheral Blood Neutrophil ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Background: Obesity and insulin resistance (IR) are conditions of increasing prevalence in populations of equids worldwide. The immune impairment described in metabolic dysfunction status in humans has been extensively reported with minimal data regarding horses. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effect of obesity as an isolated factor and in association with insulin resistance on apoptosis, phagocytosis and oxidative burst activity of neutrophils isolated from peripheral blood of lean and obese adult horses with or without insulin resistance, basally and after induction of hyperglycemia through an oral glucose test. Results: No differences in apoptosis were observed between experimental groups at any time point. Phagocytic capacity was significantly diminished at baseline in the obese-IR group (P<0.05) but increased after stimulation of hyperglycemia (P=0.007). Basal reactive oxygen species production differed significantly (P=0.0001) between the obese-insulin sensitive (IS) and lean-IS or obese-IR groups, and decreased significantly after stimulation of hyperglycemia in the lean-IS and obese-IS groups (P<0.05).Conclusions: Results from this study showed that both metabolic status itself, and acute hyperglycemia, are factors that influence PMNs functionality in horses, specifically phagocytosis and oxidative burst. This indicates the need for close monitoring of immune function in horses with inflammatory disease and concurrent obesity and insulin resistance.

scholarly journals Analysis of Neural Activity of the Human Basal Ganglia in Dystonia: a Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 66-71
Author(s):  
Ondřej Klempíř ◽  
Radim Krupička
Keyword(s):  
Deep Brain Stimulation ◽  
Brain Stimulation ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Symptomatic Treatment ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Essential Elements ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Spike Train Data ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

Deep brain stimulation of the globus pallidus internus is an efective symptomatic treatment for pharmacoresistant dystonic syndromes, where pathophysiological mechanisms of action are not yet fully understood. The aim of this review article is to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art approaches for processing of microelectrode recordings in dystonia; in order to define biomarkers to identify patients who will benefit from the clinical deep brain stimulation. For this purpose, the essential elements of microelectrode processing are examined. Next, we investigate a real example of spike sorting processing in this field. Herein, we describe baseline elements of microrecordings processing including data collection, preprocessing phase, features computation, spike detection and sorting and finally, advanced spike train data analysis. This study will help readers acquire the necessary information about these elements and their associated techniques. Thus, this study is supposed to assist during identification and proposal of interesting clinical hypotheses in the field of single unit neuronal recordings in dystonia.

Saponins in management of Hepatic Disorders: a review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmine Chaudhary ◽  
Akash Jain ◽  
Randhir Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Liver Diseases ◽  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Herbal Drugs ◽  
Cost Of Treatment ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Major Factors ◽  
The Cost

: Liver disease is one of the major factors responsible for increased morbidity and mortality worldwide. Presently, limited therapeutic options are available to treat liver diseases. Moreover, allopathic medications are a double-edged sword due to their unfavorable side effects and exaggerated cost of therapy associated with the treatment. Transplantation of the liver is still in infancy state and is associated with staggering cost as well as non-accessibility of donors. Moreover, the cost of treatment is also a very significant hindrance in the treatment of liver disorders. Therefore, the focus is shifting to evaluate the potential of herbal drugs for the management of liver disorders. Although the course of treatment with the herbals is slow yet, the effects are more promising due to lesser side effects and reduced cost of therapy. Numerous plants have been reported to possess hepatoprotective activity due to the presence of phytochemicals like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, etc. Among these phytoconstituents, saponins are considered more promising candidates in the management of hepatic disorders. The present review is focused on the plants containing saponins used in the management of hepatic disorders with their underlying mechanisms.

Hepatoprotective Activity of Silybum marianum and Cichorium intybus Against Thioacetamide in Rat

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 172-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Madani ◽  
M. Talebolhos ◽  
S. Asgary ◽  
G.H. Naderi
Keyword(s):  
Hepatoprotective Activity ◽  
Cichorium Intybus ◽  
Silybum Marianum

scholarly journals Kidney manifestations of diabetes mellitus – A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Swaminathan S. ◽  
Rajeswari S. ◽  
Wasim Mohideen
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Delayed Diagnosis ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Sedentary Life ◽  
Sedentary Life Style ◽  
Prevalence Of Diabetes Mellitus

    The prevalence of diabetes mellitus, especially T2DM is on the increase worldwide and in a developing country like india, as of date approximately 30 – 40% of population are identified as having DM. Sedentary life style, obesity, increased BMI, insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia, delayed diagnosis and metabolic syndrome are some of the factors  that lead to the development of DM. Extensive research have been conducted in this field and still more studies are being undertaken. The first organ affected in all uncontrolled DM patients is the kidney, followed by liver and cardiac. Kidney disease predominantly account for increased mortality among T2DM and is the main cause of CKD as well as DN. Treatment of CKD  due to  uncontrolled T2DM is still controversial because of the scarcity of evidence available. MA plays a significant role in screening pre and established DM.  Increased levels of urate is identified as one of the metabolic disturbances in T2DM. This review article summaries the research findings during the last two decades on the manifestations of kidney disease in T2DM.

scholarly journals The Molecular Mechanisms by Which Vitamin D Prevents Insulin Resistance and Associated Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (18) ◽  
pp. 6644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izabela Szymczak-Pajor ◽  
Józef Drzewoski ◽  
Agnieszka Śliwińska
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Bone Homeostasis ◽  
Glucose And Lipid Metabolism ◽  
The University ◽  
Chronic Hyperglycaemia

Numerous studies have shown that vitamin D deficiency is very common in modern societies and is perceived as an important risk factor in the development of insulin resistance and related diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). While it is generally accepted that vitamin D is a regulator of bone homeostasis, its ability to counteract insulin resistance is subject to debate. The goal of this communication is to review the molecular mechanism by which vitamin D reduces insulin resistance and related complications. The university library, PUBMED, and Google Scholar were searched to find relevant studies to be summarized in this review article. Insulin resistance is accompanied by chronic hyperglycaemia and inflammation. Recent studies have shown that vitamin D exhibits indirect antioxidative properties and participates in the maintenance of normal resting ROS level. Appealingly, vitamin D reduces inflammation and regulates Ca2+ level in many cell types. Therefore, the beneficial actions of vitamin D include diminished insulin resistance which is observed as an improvement of glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin-sensitive tissues.

scholarly journals Insulin resistance of glucose metabolism in isolated brown adipocytes of lactating rats. Evidence for a post-receptor defect in insulin action

1990 ◽  
Vol 265 (2) ◽  
pp. 511-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
A F Burnol ◽  
S Ebner ◽  
J Kandé ◽  
J Girard
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Metabolism ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Pyruvate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Kinase Activity ◽  
Insulin Stimulation ◽  
Tyrosine Kinase Activity ◽  
Brown Adipocytes ◽  
Insulin Receptor Tyrosine Kinase ◽  
Stimulation Of

The mechanism responsible for the insulin resistance described in vivo in brown adipose tissue (BAT) of lactating rats was investigated. The effect of insulin on glucose metabolism was studied on isolated brown adipocytes of non-lactating and lactating rats. Insulin stimulation of total glucose metabolism is 50% less in brown adipocytes from lactating than from non-lactating rats. This reflects a decreased effect of insulin on glucose oxidation and lipogenesis. However, the effect of noradrenaline (8 microM) on glucose metabolism was preserved in brown adipocytes from lactating rats as compared with non-lactating rats. The number of insulin receptors is similar in BAT of lactating and non-lactating rats. The insulin-receptor tyrosine kinase activity is not altered during lactation, for receptor autophosphorylation as well as tyrosine kinase activity towards the synthetic peptide poly(Glu4-Tyr1). The defect in the action of insulin is thus localized at a post-receptor level. The insulin stimulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase activity during euglycaemic/hyperinsulinaemic clamps is 2-fold lower in BAT from lactating than from non-lactating rats. However, the percentage of active form of pyruvate dehydrogenase is similar in non-lactating and lactating rats (8.6% versus 8.9% in the basal state, and 37.0% versus 32.3% during the clamp). A decrease in the amount of pyruvate dehydrogenase is likely to be involved in the insulin resistance described in BAT during lactation.

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